Category 2 the fourth-highest classification on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale is used to classify tropical cyclones, that have 10-minute sustained winds of 48–63 knots (89–117 km/h; 55–72 mph). As of 2020 71 tropical cyclones have peaked as a category 2 tropical cyclone in the South Pacific tropical cyclone basin, which is denoted as the part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator and to the east of 160°E. This list does not include any tropical cyclones that went on to peak as a Category 3, 4 or 5 severe tropical cyclones, while in the Southern Pacific tropical cyclone basin.

Background

The South Pacific tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 160°E and 120°W.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service and the New Zealand MetService, while other meteorological services such as the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Météo-France as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin a Category 2 tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 48–63 knots (89–117 km/h; 55–72 mph) on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between 83–95 knots (154–176 km/h; 96–109 mph) on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] This scale is only officially used in American Samoa, however, various agencies including NASA also use it to compare tropical cyclones.[1] A Category 2 tropical cyclone is expected to cause catastrophic devastation, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]

Systems

1970s

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
DawnFebruary 10 – 19, 1970100 km/h (65 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)New Caledonia, Northern Queensland$5 Million6[4]
RosieDecember 30, 1970 – January 4, 1971100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New ZealandMinorNone[5]
ElenoreJanuary 31 – February 7, 1973100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Fiji, Tonga[6]
JulietteApril 2 – 6, 1973100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Fiji, Tonga[7]
VeraJanuary 20 – 22, 1974100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Queensland, New Caledonia[8]
ZoeMarch 14 – March 20, 1974100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[9]
AliceMarch 23 – 30, 1974100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[10]
TinaApril 23 – 28, 1974100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Fiji, TongaMinorNone[11]
FloraJanuary 14 – 17, 1975100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[12]
GloriaJanuary 19 – 20, 1975100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[13]
ElsaJanuary 21 – 26, 1976100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)New Caledonia, VanuatuNoneNone
KimDecember 9 – 13, 1976100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[14]
LaurieDecember 11 – 12, 1976100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[15]
MarionJanuary 12 – 21, 1977100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)VanuatuUnknownNone[16]
NormanMarch 9 – 24, 1977100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[17]
PatMarch 17 – 18, 1977100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[18]
SteveNovember 24 – December 4, 1977110 km/h (70 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)
AnneDecember 23 – 31, 1977100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
DianaFebruary 15 – 22, 1978100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
ErnieFebruary 17 – 23, 1978100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
FayDecember 27 – 31, 1978100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)FijiModerateNone
HenryJanuary 29 – February 5, 1979100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
KerryFebruary 13 – 15, 1979100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
LeslieFebruary 21 – 23, 1979100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)

1980s

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
Ofa100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
TiaMarch 22 – 27, 1980100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
ValMarch 25 – 29, 1980100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Daman100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Esau100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Fran100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Unnamed100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
JotiOctober 31 
November 7, 1982
110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)VanuatuMinorNone[19][20][21]
LisaDecember 10 – 18, 1982110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Cook IslandsUnknownNone
Saba100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
HarveyFebruary 7 – 8, 1984100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)New Caledonia
Monica100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
GavinMarch 2 – 8, 198595 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Vanuatu, Fiji
June100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Osea100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Patsy100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Unnamed100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Zuman100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
Dovi100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
EsetaDecember 15 – 2895 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia
Fiji, New Zealand
[22]
DelilahJanuary 1 – 4110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)New Caledonia, New Zealand[23]
FiliJanuary 1 – 895 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)
KerryMarch 29 – April 495 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Fiji

1990s

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
NancyJanuary 31 – February 1110 km/h (70 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Eastern Australia[24][25]
HildaMarch 7 – 9, 199095 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Tuvalu, Vanuatu, New Caledonia
RaeMarch 16 – 25, 199095 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Tuvalu, FijiMinor3[26]
LisaMay 11 – 13, 1991110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Solomon Islands, VanuatuNoneNone[27][28]
CliffFebruary 5 – 9, 1992100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)French Polynesia[29]
GeneMarch 15 – 19, 199295 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Cook Islands
InnisApril 27 – May 6, 199295 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Tokelau, Tuvalu, Solomon Islands, VanuatuNoneNone[30]
NishaFebruary 9 – 16, 1993110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Cook IslandsNoneNone[31]
RogerMarch 20 – 27, 199395 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Solomon Islands, Australia, New Caledonia
UshaMarch 22 – April 495 km/h (60 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
VaniaNovember 10 – 18, 1994100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Solomon Islands, VanuatuMinimalNone
WilliamDecember 30, 1994 – January 3, 1995110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Cook Islands, French Polynesia$2.5 millionNone
FredaJanuary 26 – February 2, 1997110 km/h (70 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)NoneNoneNone
HaroldFebruary 19 – 24, 199795 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Melanesia, Australia, New Zealand$27 million7
29PFebruary 24 –26, 1997110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)NoneNoneNone
JuneMay 2 – 11, 199795 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Fiji$60 million
LusiOctober 8 – 12, 199795 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Vanuatu, Fiji None None
NuteNovember 18 – 19, 1997110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)NoneNoneNone[32]
PamDecember 6 – 10, 1997110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Cook Islands Minor None
UrsulaJanuary 29 – February 2, 1998110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)French Polynesia Minor None
VeliJanuary 30 – February 3100 km/h (65 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)French Polynesia Minor None
WesJanuary 31 – February 595 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Cook Islands, French Polynesia None10

2000s

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
OlindaJanuary 20 – 23100 km/h (65 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)None
PeteJanuary 21 – 2695 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)None
LeoMarch 4 – 895 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)French PolynesiaMinimalNone
OmaFebruary 20 – 22100 km/h (65 mph)984 hPa (29.06 inHg)Cook IslandsMinorNone
SoseApril 5 – 11110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Australia
DesMarch 5 – 795 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)New Caledonia None0
FiliApril 27 – 2995 km/h (60 mph)987 hPa (29.15 inHg)TongaNoneNone
GraceMarch 21 – 2395 km/h (60 mph)0,985 hPa (29.09 inHg)
UrmilJanuary 18 – 25, 2006110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)French Polynesia
ZitaJanuary 18 – 25, 2007100 km/h (65 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)French Polynesia
ArthurJanuary 21 – 27, 2007100 km/h (65 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Samoan Islands, French Polynesia
BeckyMarch 25 – 29, 2007110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
New Caledonia
CliffApril 1 – 6, 2007100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Fiji
ElisaJanuary 7 – 11, 200895 km/h (60 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)
JoniMarch 10 – 14, 200995 km/h (60 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Cook Islands
KenMarch 16 – 19, 200995 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)
JasperMarch 24 – 30, 2009100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)New Caledonia
LinMarch 31 – April 7, 2009110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Fiji, Tonga[33]
MickDecember 13 – 14, 2009110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Fiji[34]

2010s

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
VaniaJanuary 13 – 14, 2011100 km/h (65 mph)973 hPa (28.73 inHg)Fiji, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, New Zealand[35]
ZakaFebruary 5 – 7, 201195 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)NoneNoneNone[36]
CyrilFebruary 5 – 8, 201295 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Fiji, Tonga[37]
DaphneMarch 31 – April 3100 km/h (65 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Vanuatu, Fiji5
EdnaFebruary 5, 201495 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)New Caledonia, New Zealand[38]
KofiMarch 3, 2014100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Fiji, Tonga[39]
NikoJanuary 22 – 23, 2015100 km/h (65 mph)982 hPa (29.00 inHg)French Polynesia[40]
SoloApril 9 – 12, 2015100 km/h (65 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Solomon Islands, New Caledonia[41]
TatianaFebruary 12 – 13, 201695 km/h (60 mph)983 hPa (29.03 inHg)None[42]
EllaMay 9–14, 2017110 km/h (70 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Samoan Islands, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna[43]
MonaDecember 31, 2018 – January 7, 201995 km/h (60 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Solomon Islands, Fiji
SaraiDecember 27 – December 30, 2019110 km/h (70 mph)972 hPa (28.70 inHg)Tuvalu, Fiji, Tonga, Niue, Southern Cook Islands[44][45]

2020s

Name Duration Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD)
Deaths Refs
Wind speed Pressure
WasiFebruary 20 – 23, 2020110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Wallis and Futuna, Samoan IslandsUnknownUnknown[46]
GretelMarch 14 – 17, 2020100 km/h (65 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, New ZealandUnknownUnknown[47][48]
ZazuDecember 11 – 16, 202095 km/h (60 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Samoan Islands, Tonga, NiueMinimalUnknown
LucasFebruary 1 – 4, 2020110 km/h (70 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Vanuatu, New CaledoniaUnknown2[49]
09FFebruary 7 – 11, 202195 km/h (60 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)FijiUnknownUnknown
RubyDecember 10 – 15, 2021110 km/h (70 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)New CaledoniaUnknownUnknown[50]
FiliApril 7 – 9, 2022110 km/h (70 mph)977 hPa (28.85 inHg)New CaledoniaUnknownUnknown
IreneJanuary 13 - 20, 2023100 km/h (65 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Vanuatu, New CaledoniaNoneNone[51]

Other systems

In addition to the tropical cyclones listed above, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology considers Tropical Cyclone Nancy 1990 to have been a Category 2 tropical cyclone while in the basin.[52]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2023). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2023 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  2. 1 2 2017/2018 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary of Alerts and Warnings Procedures for Fiji (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. October 23, 2017. pp. 3 & 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 13, 2018.
  3. 1 2 Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thrum, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (January 2, 2019). The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
  4. 1970 Tropical Cyclone Dawn (1970041S14139) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  5. 1970 Tropical Cyclone Rosie (1970364S15165) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  6. 1973 Tropical Cyclone Elenore (1973031S12184) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  7. 1973 Tropical Cyclone Juliette (1973092S13168) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  8. 1974 Tropical Cyclone Vera (1974018S20149) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  9. 1974 Tropical Cyclone Zoe (1974064S19151) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  10. 1974 Tropical Cyclone Alice (1974080S22153) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  11. 1974 Tropical Cyclone Tina (1974114S13164) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  12. 1975 Tropical Cyclone Flora (1975013S14160) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  13. 1975 Tropical Cyclone Gloria (1975015S13147) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  14. 1976 Tropical Cyclone Kim (1976345S13179) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  15. 1976 Tropical Cyclone Laurie (1976346S11182) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  16. 1977 Tropical Cyclone Marion (1977011S12167) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  17. 1977 Tropical Cyclone Norman (1977068S11168) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  18. 1977 Tropical Cyclone Pat (1977074S19184) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  19. "1983 Joti (1982304S10171)". The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  20. Browne, M.L. (November 24, 1982). Tropical Cyclone Joti Preliminary Report (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service.
  21. Smales, Angus, ed. (December 1, 1982). "Cyclone Jodie visits Vanuatu". Pacific Islands Monthly. Pacific Publications. 53 (12).
  22. 1988 Tropical Cyclone Eseta (1988352S14166) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  23. 1988 Tropical Cyclone Delilah (1988364S17148) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  24. Koop, Neville L (May 3, 1990). Tropical Cyclone Nancy, 27 January - 4 February (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  25. "1990 Tropical Cyclone Nancy (1990027S18156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  26. "1990 Tropical Cyclone Rae (1990076S12165)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  27. 1991 Tropical Cyclone Lisa (1991124S08154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  28. Pandaram, Sudha (July 3, 1992). Tropical Cyclone Lisa, May 7 - 13, 1991 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report 91/1). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 2, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  29. 1992 Tropical Cyclone Cliff (1992036S11212) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  30. 1992 Tropical Cyclone Innis (1992118S11179) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  31. "1993 Tropical Cyclone Nisha (1993043S11193)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  32. "1997 Tropical Cyclone Nute (1997319S09180)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  33. "2009 Tropical Cyclone Mick (2009346S10172)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  34. "2009 Tropical Cyclone Mick (2009346S10172)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  35. "2011 Tropical Cyclone Vania (2011010S17169)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  36. "2011 Tropical Cyclone Zaka (2011034S19199)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  37. "2012 Tropical Cyclone Cyril (2012037S17176)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  38. "2014 Tropical Cyclone Edna (2014032S18152)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  39. "2014 Tropical Cyclone Kofi (2014056S18175)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  40. "2015 Tropical Cyclone Niko (2015020S12208)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  41. "2015 Tropical Cyclone Solo (2015099S13163)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  42. "2016 Tropical Cyclone Tatiana (2016040S16155)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  43. "2017 Tropical Cyclone Ella (2017127S18184)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
  44. Tropical Disturbance Advisory A10 December 27, 2019 06z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 27, 2019.
  45. Tropical Disturbance Advisory A23 December 30, 2019 12z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. December 30, 2019.
  46. "2020 Tropical Cyclone Wasi (2020052S11181)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  47. "2020 Tropical Cyclone Gretel (2020074S17153)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  48. Tropical Cyclone Gretel (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
  49. Tropical Cyclone Lucas (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  50. Tropical Cyclone Ruby (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  51. Waibuta, Sakeasi R (August 2023). Tropical Cyclone Irene (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved December 30, 2023.
  52. "1990 Tropical Cyclone Nancy (1990027S18156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
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