The following Confederate States Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5–7, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Union order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization[1] May 5–6, 1864,[2] the army organization at beginning of the Campaign,[3] the army organization during the Campaign[4] and the reports.[5]

Abbreviations used

Military rank

Other

Army of Northern Virginia

Gen Robert E. Lee

General Staff:

First Corps

LTG James Longstreet[6] (w)
MG Charles W. Field
MG Richard H. Anderson[7]

Division Brigade Regiments and Others

McLaws' (old) Division
     BG Joseph B. Kershaw[8]

Kershaw's Brigade


   Col John D. Kennedy (w)
   Col John W. Henagan

Wofford's Brigade


   BG William T. Wofford

Humphreys' Brigade


   BG Benjamin G. Humphreys

Bryan's Brigade


   BG Goode Bryan

Field's Division
     MG Charles W. Field

Jenkins' Brigade


   BG Micah Jenkins (k)
   Col John Bratton

Law's Brigade[9]


   Col William F. Perry

  • 4th Alabama
  • 15th Alabama
  • 44th Alabama
  • 47th Alabama
  • 48th Alabama
Anderson's Brigade


   BG George T. Anderson

Gregg's Brigade


   BG John Gregg[10] (w)

Benning's Brigade


   BG Henry L. Benning (w)
   Col Dudley M. Du Bose

Artillery
     BG Edward P. Alexander

Huger's Battalion


   Ltc Frank Huger

  • Fickling's (South Carolina) Battery
  • Moody's (Louisiana) Battery
  • Parker's (Virginia) Battery
  • J. D. Smith's (Virginia) Battery
  • Taylor's (Virginia) Battery
  • Woolfolk's (Virginia) Battery
Haskell's Battalion


   Maj John C. Haskell

  • Flanner's (North Carolina) Battery
  • Garden's (South Carolina) Battery
  • Lamkin's (Virginia) Battery[11]
  • Ramsay's (North Carolina) Battery
Cabell's Battalion


   Col Henry C. Cabell

  • Callaway's (Georgia) Battery
  • Carlton's (Georgia) Battery
  • McCarthy's (Virginia) Battery
  • Manly's (North Carolina) Battery

Second Corps

LTG Richard S. Ewell

General Staff:[12]

  • Assistant Adjutant General: Ltc Alexander S. Pendleton
  • Assistant Adjutant General: Maj Campbell Brown
  • Assistant Inspector General: Col Abner Smead
  • Engineer: Maj Benjamin H. Greene
  • Aide de Camp: Lt Thomas T. Turner
  • Chief of Ordnance: Ltc William Allan
  • Medical Director: Dr. Hunter H. McGuire
  • Quartermasters: Maj John D. Rogers and Maj A. M. Garber
  • Commissaries and subsistence: Maj Wells J. Hawks and Cpt J. J. Lock
Division Brigade Regiments and Others

Early's Division[13]
     MG Jubal A. Early

Hays' Brigade


   BG Harry T. Hays

Pegram's Brigade


   BG John Pegram (w)
   Col John S. Hoffman

Gordon's Brigade


   BG John B. Gordon

  • 13th Georgia
  • 26th Georgia
  • 31st Georgia
  • 38th Georgia
  • 60th Georgia
  • 61st Georgia

Johnson's Division
     MG Edward Johnson

Stonewall Brigade


   BG James A. Walker

Jones' Brigade


   BG John M. Jones (k)
   Col William A. Witcher

Steuart's Brigade


   BG George H. Steuart

Stafford's Brigade


   BG Leroy A. Stafford (mw)
   Col Zebulon York

Rodes' Division
     MG Robert E. Rodes

Daniel's Brigade[14]


   BG Junius Daniel

Doles' Brigade[15]


   BG George P. Doles

Ramseur's Brigade


   BG Stephen D. Ramseur

Battle's Brigade[16]


   BG Cullen A. Battle

  • 3rd Alabama
  • 5th Alabama
  • 6th Alabama
  • 12th Alabama
  • 61st Alabama
Johnston's Brigade[17][18]


   BG Robert D. Johnston

Artillery[19]
     BG Armistead L. Long

Brown's Division


   Col J. Thompson Brown (k)

Hardaway's Battalion: Ltc Robert A. Hardaway

  • Dance's (Virginia) Battery
  • Graham's (Virginia) Battery
  • C. B. Griffin's (Virginia) Battery
  • Jones' (Virginia) Battery
  • B. H. Smith's (Virginia) Battery

Braxton's Battalion: Ltc Carter M. Braxton

Nelson's Battalion: Ltc William Nelson

Carter's Division


   Col Thomas H. Carter

Cutshaw's Battalion: Maj Wilfred E. Cutshaw

  • Carrington's (Virginia) Battery
  • A. W. Garber's (Virginia) Battery
  • Tanner's (Virginia) Battery

Page's Battalion: Maj Richard C. M. Page

  • W. P. Carter's (Virginia) Battery
  • Fry's (Virginia) Battery
  • Page's (Virginia) Battery
  • Reese's (Alabama) Battery

Third Corps

LTG Ambrose P. Hill

Division Brigade Regiments and Others

Anderson's Division
     MG Richard H. Anderson[7]
     BG William Mahone

Perrin's Brigade


   BG Abner M. Perrin

Harris' Brigade


   BG Nathaniel H. Harris

  • 12th Mississippi
  • 16th Mississippi
  • 19th Mississippi
  • 48th Mississippi
Mahone's Brigade


   BG William Mahone
   Col David A. Weisiger

Wright's Brigade


   BG Ambrose R. Wright

  • 3rd Georgia
  • 22nd Georgia
  • 48th Georgia
  • 2nd Georgia Battalion
  • 10th Georgia Battalion[20]
Perry's Brigade


   BG Edward A. Perry (w)
   Col David Lang[21]

Heth's Division
     MG Henry Heth

Davis' Brigade[22]


   Col John M. Stone

Cooke's Brigade


   BG John R. Cooke

Kirkland's Brigade


   BG William W. Kirkland

Archer's and Walker's Brigade[24]


   BG Henry H. Walker

Archer's Brigade

  • 13th Alabama
  • 1st Tennessee (Provisional Army)
  • 7th Tennessee
  • 14th Tennessee

Walker's Brigade

Wilcox's Division
     MG Cadmus M. Wilcox

Lane' s Brigade


   BG James H. Lane

  • 7th North Carolina
  • 18th North Carolina
  • 28th North Carolina
  • 33rd North Carolina
  • 37th North Carolina
Scales' Brigade


   BG Alfred M. Scales

  • 13th North Carolina
  • 16th North Carolina
  • 22nd North Carolina
  • 34th North Carolina
  • 38th North Carolina
McGowan's Brigade


   BG Samuel McGowan

Thomas' Brigade


   BG Edward L. Thomas

  • 14th Georgia
  • 35th Georgia
  • 45th Georgia
  • 49th Georgia

Artillery
     Col Reuben L. Walker

Poague's Battalion


   Ltc William T. Poague

  • Richards' (Mississippi) Battery
  • Utterback's (Virginia) Battery
  • Williams' (North Carolina) Battery
  • Wyatt's (Virginia) Battery
Pegram's Battalion


   Ltc William J. Pegram

  • Brander's (Virginia) Battery
  • Cayce's (Virginia) Battery
  • Ellett's (Virginia) Battery
  • Marye's (Virginia) Battery
  • Zimmerman's (South Carolina) Battery
McIntosh' s Battalion


   Ltc David G. McIntosh

  • Clutter's (Virginia) Battery
  • Donald's (Virginia) Battery
  • Hurt's (Alabama) Battery
  • Price's (Virginia) Battery
Cutts' Battalion


   Col Allen S. Cutts

  • Patterson's (Georgia) Battery
  • Ross' (Georgia) Battery
  • Wingfield's (Georgia) Battery
Richardson's Battalion


   Ltc Charles Richardson

Cavalry Corps

MG J.E.B. Stuart

Division Brigade Regiments and Others

Hampton's Division[25]
     MG Wade Hampton

Young's Brigade[26][27]


   Col Gilbert J. Wright[28]

Rosser's Brigade


   BG Thomas L. Rosser

Fitzhugh Lee's Division
     MG Fitzhugh Lee

Lomax's Brigade


   BG Lunsford L. Lomax

Wickham's Brigade


   Col Thomas T. Munford[29]

William H. F. Lee's Division
     MG William H. F. Lee

Chambliss' Brigade


   BG John R. Chambliss

Gordon's Brigade


   BG James B. Gordon

Horse Artillery
     Maj R. Preston Chew

Breathed's Battalion


   Maj James Breathed

  • Hart's (South Carolina) Battery
  • Johnston's (Virginia) Battery
  • McGregor's (Virginia) Battery
  • Shoemaker's (Virginia) Battery
  • Thomson's (Virginia) Battery

Strengths

The following table shows total strengths of each of the major formations at the start of the battle.[30]

First Corps

McLaws' Division Strength
Kershaw's Brigade 1.590
Wofford's Brigade 1.615
Humphreys' Brigade 940
Bryan's Brigade 1.025
Field's Division Strength
Jenkins' Brigade 1.590
Law's Brigade 1.255
Anderson's Brigade 1.390
Gregg's Brigade 850
Benning's Brigade 995
First Corps Total Strength
McLaws' Division 5.170
Field's Division 6.080
Artillery 1.595
Total 12.845

Second Corps

Early's Division Strength
Hays' Brigade 900
Pegram's Brigade 1.520
Gordon's Brigade 2.270
Johnson's Division Strength
Stonewall Brigade 1.320
Jones' Brigade 1.850
Steuart's Brigade 1.610
Stafford's Brigade 705
Rodes' Division Strength
Daniel's Brigade 1.500
Doles' Brigade 1.365
Ramseur's Brigade 1.440
Battle's Brigade 1.810
Johnston's Brigade 1.320
Second Corps Total Strength
Early's Division 4.960
Johnson's Division 5.485
Rodes' Division 7.435
Artillery 1.700
Total 19.580

Third Corps

Anderson's Division Strength
Perrin's Brigade 1.635
Harris' Brigade 1.395
Mahone's Brigade 1.805
Wright's Brigade 1.685
Perry's Brigade 610
Heth's Division Strength
Davis' Brigade 1.690
Cooke's Brigade 1.960
Kirkland's Brigade 2.150
Archer's Brigade 755
Walker's Brigade 895
Wilcox's Division Strength
Lane' s Brigade 2.350
Scales' Brigade 1.735
McGowan's Brigade 2.230
Thomas' Brigade 1.600
Third Corps Total Strength
Anderson's Division 7.130
Heth's Division 7.450
Wilcox's Division 7.915
Artillery 1.910
Total 24.405

Cavalry Corps

Cavalry Corps Strength
Hampton's Division 2.475
Fitzhugh Lee's Division 3.450
William H. F. Lee's Division 2.905
Horse Artillery 470
Total 9.300

Total Army of Northern Virginia

Total Army of Northern Virginia Strength
First Corps 12.845
Second Corps 19.580
Third Corps 24.405
Cavalry Corps 9.300
Total 66.130

Notes

  1. Multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the battle or the campaign.
  2. Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle
  3. Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pages 1021–1027
  4. F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, pages 66-76
  5. Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pages 1162–1168
  6. Pickett's Division (Kemper's, Hunton's, Barton's and Corse's Brigades) was detached in the Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, pages 341-342; Gordon C. Rhea, To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864, The Order of Battle; F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 284/Note 54)
  7. 1 2 Assigned to command of the First Corps on May 7, 1864 (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, page 967)
  8. Brigadier General Kershaw was not assigned to permanent command of McLaws' old Division until June 4, 1864 (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, page 873). Kershaw was promoted to Major General on June 1, 1864 with date of rank from May 18, 1864 (see: John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands, page 331).
  9. Brigadier General Evander M. Law was under arrest and absent from the battle.(see Charles E. Boyd, The Devil's Den: A History of the 44th Alabama Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Confederate States Army, 1862-1865, page 99.)
  10. Gregg's was wounded on May 6, 1864 but did not leave the field (see: John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands, page 267)
  11. Until the army went into the Richmond-Petersburg lines, Lamkin's Battery served as Sharpshooters (see: F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 285/Note 84; Pendleton's report)
  12. For composition of Ewell's staff see: Ewell's report
  13. Hoke's Brigade (6th, 21st, 54th and 57th North Carolina Regiments and the 1st Battalion North Carolina Sharpshooters) detached in the Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia (see: Ewell's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume LI, Part 2, page 885)
  14. The 43rd North Carolina was detached with Hoke's Brigade in the Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia (see: F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 288/Note 156; Sketch of the 43rd Regiment, North Carolina troops, pages 11-15; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXIII, pages 1202 and 1321; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, pages 80 and 175; Official Records, Series I, Volume LI, Part 2, page 885). Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle and the Official Records lists the 43rd North Carolina in Daniel's Brigade.
  15. The 21st Georgia was detached with Hoke's Brigade (see: Ewell's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXIII, pages 1202 and 1321; Official Records, Series I, Volume LI, Part 2, page 885)
  16. The 61st Alabama was assigned on February 12, 1864 in place of the 26th Alabama (see: Battle's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXIII, pages 1176). The 26th Alabama was reported on May 12, 1864 at Macon, Georgia (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 4, page 704). Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle and the Official Records lists the 26th Alabama instead of the 61st Alabama in Battle's Brigade.
  17. Johnston's Brigade arrived on May 6, 1864 from Hanover Junction (see: Ewell's report; Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, page 410)
  18. Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle lists this Brigade in Early's Division, but the Brigade was not transferred to Early's Division until May 8, 1864 (see: Ewell's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, page 974; Official Records, Series I, Volume LI, Part 2, pages 902-903)
  19. The Artillery of the Second Corps was organized into two Divisions on April 7, 1864 (see: Pendleton's and Long's report; Jennings C. Wise, The Long Arm of Lee, Volumen 2: Chancellorsville to Appomattox, pages 738-739; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXIII, page 1267)
  20. The 10th Georgia Battalion was assigned to Wright's Brigade before the Battle of the Wilderness (see: Alfred C. Young III, Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study, pages 162-163 and 306)
  21. 1 2 For Lang in command see: F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 72
  22. Brigadier General Joseph R. Davis was absent sick (see: 2nd Mississippi Infantry Regiment, Chapter 6; Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, page 193)
  23. 1 2 The 1st Confederate Battalion and the 26th Mississippi joined Davis' Brigade before the Battle of the Wilderness (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXII, part 3, pages 672, 674 and 676; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXIII, page 954; F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 291/Note 230; 2nd Mississippi Infantry Regiment, Chapter 5, Note 113). Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle and the Official Records lists none of the two commands.
  24. Archer's and Walker's Brigade were consolidated under Brigadier General Walker (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle; F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 292/Note 250)
  25. Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle and the Official Records lists Butler's Brigade (4th, 5th and 6th South Carolina Cavalry) in Hampton's Division, but the first elements from Butler's Brigade arrived not before May 20, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864, page 197 and The Order of Battle; Gordon C. Rhea, Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26-June 3, 1864, pages 16, 66, 67 and 111; F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 295/Note 251).
  26. Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle, F. Ray Sibley, Jr. in The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 75 and the Official Records lists the 7th Georgia Cavalry in Young's Brigade, but the 7th Georgia Cavalry was not assigned until June 7, 1864 (see: Eric J. Wittenberg, Glory Enough For All, page 14)
  27. Gordon C. Rhea in The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864, The Order of Battle, F. Ray Sibley, Jr. in The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 75 and the Official Records lists the 20th Georgia Cavalry Battalion in Young's Brigade, but the 20th Georgia Cavalry Battalion was not ordered to join the Army of Northern Virginia until May 25, 1864 (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, pages 831-832). The 20th Georgia Cavalry Battalion arrived on May 28, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26-June 3, 1864, page 67) and was assigned to Young's Brigade on June 7, 1864 (see: Eric J. Wittenberg, Glory Enough For All, page 14).
  28. Brigadier General Young was not present, Colonel Wright (Cobb's Legion) was in command (see: Eric J. Wittenberg, Glory Enough For All, page 14; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, page 961)
  29. Brigadier General Williams C. Wickham was in Richmond, Virginia on May 4, 1864, and was not back in command of his brigade until May 9, 1864 (see: F. Ray Sibley, Jr., The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, page 296/Note 358)
  30. Alfred C. Young III, Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study, pages 232 and 244-246

See also

References

  • Boyd, Charles E. The Devil's Den: A History of the 44th Alabama Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Confederate States Army, 1862-1865. Birmingham, AL: Banner Press, 1987. OCLC 1002154102.
  • Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
  • Rhea, Gordon C. The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-8071-3021-4
  • Rhea, Gordon C. To the North Anna River: Grant and Lee, May 13–25, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8071-3111-3
  • Rhea, Gordon C. Cold Harbor: Grant and Lee, May 26-June 3, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2002 ISBN 978-0-8071-3244-9
  • Sibley, Jr., F. Ray, The Confederate Order of Battle, Volume 1, The Army of Northern Virginia, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, 1996. ISBN 0-942597-73-7
  • U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 18801901.
  • Wise, Jennings C., The Long Arm of Lee, Volumen 2: Chancellorsville to Appomattox, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 1991 ISBN 0-8032-9734-3
  • Wittenberg, Eric J. Glory Enough For All: Sheridan's Second Raid and the Battle of Trevilian Station. Washington, DC: Brassey's, Inc, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8032-5967-6
  • Young, Alfred C., III. Lee's Army during the Overland Campaign: A Numerical Study. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-8071-5172-3.
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