| Umm al-Banin bint Abd al-Aziz أم البنين بنت عبد العزيز | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zawjat al khalifa | |||||
| Consort of the Umayyad caliph | |||||
| Tenure | 705 – 715 | ||||
| Born | Egypt, Umayyad Caliphate | ||||
| Died | 720s Damascus, Bilad al-Sham, Umayyad Caliphate | ||||
| Spouse | al-Walid I | ||||
| Children |
| ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Umayyad | ||||
| Father | Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan | ||||
| Mother | Layla bint Suhayl | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
Umm al-Banin bint Abd al-Aziz (Arabic: أم البنين بنت عبد العزيز) was an Umayyad princess, principal wife of the Umayyad caliph al-Walid I and sister of eight Umayyad caliph Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz.
Biography
Umm al-Banin was the daughter of Umayyad prince and powerful governor of Egypt Abd al-Aziz and his third wife, Layla bint Suhayl.[1]
Her grandfather, Marwan had named Abd al-Aziz his second heir after Abd al-Malik. The latter, however, wanted his son al-Walid I (r. 705–715) to succeed him, and Abd al-Aziz was persuaded not to object to this change.[2] In the event, Abd al-Aziz died on 12 May 705 CE (13 Jumada I AH 86), four months before Abd al-Malik.[3] Abd al-Malik nominated his son as heir shortly after her father's death.
Umm al-Banin married her cousin al-Walid, Historian Marsham notes al-Walid's marriage to his first cousin, Umm al-Banin, "tied the fortunes" of Abd al-Malik and her father, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan.[4] From her al-Walid had his sons Abd al-Aziz, Muhammad, Marwan, and Anbasa, and a daughter, A'isha.[5] Her elder son Abd al-Aziz was regarded by his father as "the sayyid, the most forceful personality, amongst his sons", according to the historian C. E. Bosworth.[6]
Her husband died 715 and was succeeded by nominated heir Sulayman after her brother-in law Sulayman's death. Her brother became caliph because her brother-in-law nominated her brother as successor on his death bed.
Umm al-Banin was known as she was a relative to eleven Umayyad caliphs out of fourteen.
Caliphs related to her
Umm al-Banin related to Umayyad ruling house both paternally and maternally. She was contemporary and related to several powerful Umayyad caliphs.
| No. | Umayyad caliphs | Relation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marwan I | Grandfather |
| 2 | Abd al-Malik | Uncle and Father-in-law |
| 3 | al-Walid I | Husband |
| 4 | Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik | Cousin and brother-in law |
| 5 | Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz | Brother |
| 6 | Yazid II | Cousin and brother-in-law |
| 7 | Hisham | Cousin and brother-in-law |
| 8 | al-Walid I | Nephew |
| 9 | Yazid III | Nephew |
| 10 | Ibrahim ibn al-Walid | Nephew |
| 11 | Marwan II | Cousin |
References
- ↑ Bewley 2000, p. 153.
- ↑ Zetterstéen 1960, p. 58.
- ↑ Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (2009). "ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22584. ISSN 1873-9830.
- ↑ Marsham 2022, p. 38.
- ↑ Marsham 2022, p. 39.
- ↑ Bosworth 1982, p. 119.
Sources
- Bewley, Aisha (2000). The Men of Madina by Muhammad Ibn Sa'd, Volume 2. Ta-Ha Publishers. ISBN 9781897940907.
- Zetterstéen, K.V. (1960). "ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān". In Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume I: A–B (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. OCLC 495469456.
- Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (2009). "ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Marwān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Marsham, Andrew (2022). "Kinship, Dynasty, and the Umayyads". In Osti, Letizia; van Berkel, Maaike (eds.). The Historian of Islam at Work: Essays in Honor of Hugh N. Kennedy. Leiden: Brill. pp. 12–45. ISBN 978-90-04-52523-8.
- Bosworth, C. E. (1982). Medieval Arabic Culture and Administration. Variorum Reprints. ISBN 0-86078-113-5.