The St. Louis metropolitan area has a history of tornadoes. The third-deadliest, and the costliest in United States history, the 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado, injured more than one thousand people and caused at least 255 fatalities in the City of St. Louis and in East St. Louis. The second-costliest tornado also occurred in St. Louis in September 1927.[1] More tornado fatalities occurred in St. Louis than any other city in the United States.[2] Also noteworthy is that destructive tornadoes occurred in winter and autumn, as well as the typical months of spring.[3] Additionally, damaging tornadoes occurred in the morning and late at night, as well as the more common late-afternoon to early-evening maximum period.

In April 2011, an EF4 tornado on Good Friday caused widespread damage along a 22 mi (35 km) track across the northern part of the St. Louis metropolitan area; including significant damage to Lambert International Airport, causing a complete shutdown for over 24 hours, but no deaths.[4] Prior to that event, a F4 tornado also struck the northern metro, and killed three in January 1967.[5] Another F4 tornado struck the Granite City and Edwardsville, Illinois area in April 1981.[6]

City of St. Louis tornadoes

[7]

Date Location Rating Casualties Notes
March 8, 1871St. Louis - East St. Louis - St. Clair County, IllinoisF39 fatalities, 60 injuriesSee: 1871 St. Louis tornado
March 29, 18727th StreetF12 possible fatalities, 8 injuries
January 12, 1890St. Louis - Madison County, IllinoisF24 fatalities, 15 injuries
May 27, 1896St. Louis - East St. Louis - St. Clair CountyF4255 fatalities, 1000 injuriesCostliest[1] and third-deadliest tornado in U.S. history (see: 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado)[8]
August 19, 1904St. Louis - Madison CountyF23 fatalities, 10 injuries
September 29, 1927Webster Groves - St. LouisF372-79+ fatalities, 550+ injuries2nd-costliest.[1] and among top 30 deadliest tornado in U.S. history[9] (see: 1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado)
September 16, 1958St. LouisF10 fatalities
February 10, 1959Crescent - St. Louis - Madison CountyF421 fatalities, 345 injuriesVery similar path to 1871, 1896, 1927 tornadoes. (see: St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959)
May 1, 1983St. Louis - Madison CountyF23 injuries
March 31, 2007Midtown St. LouisEF05 injuriesLate-March 2007 tornado outbreak[10]
December 31, 2010North St. LouisEF10 fatalities2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak[11]
April 22, 2011Riverview, St. LouisEF40 fatalities, some injuries2011 St. Louis tornado during tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–24, 2011[4]
April 10, 2013The Hill, St. LouisEF00 fatalities[12]
May 31, 2013Riverview, St. LouisEF32 injuriesSt. Charles County to St. Louis County to extreme northern St. Louis City at 32.5 mi (52.3 km) over 35 min with max width 1 mi (1.6 km)[13] (see: Tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013)

Greater St. Louis-area tornadoes

These tables describe the tornado history for Greater St. Louis. In Missouri, this includes the counties of St. Louis, St. Charles, Franklin, and Jefferson. In Illinois, this includes the counties of Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe. Data for the independent city of St. Louis is not part of these tables unless part of the path of the tornado striking these counties also struck the city.

1870–1950

Date Location Counties Rating Casualties Notes[14]
July 13, 1870St. Clair
March 8, 1871St. Louis City, St. ClairF39 fatalities, 60 injuries1871 St. Louis tornado
June 30, 1877St. Louis
May 18, 1878St. Louis
January 12, 1890St. Louis
March 27, 1890St. ClairTornado outbreak of March 27, 1890
May 27, 1896St. Louis, East St. Louis, ILSt. Louis City, MadisonF4255+ fatalities, 1000+ injuries1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado
May 27, 1896New Baden, ILSt. Clair, ClintonF424 fatalities, 125 injuriesTornado outbreak sequence of May 1896
May 14, 1909St. Louis
September 29, 1927St. LouisF372-79+ fatalities, 550+ injuriesTornado outbreak of September 29, 1927
September 1, 1931St. Louis
March 15, 1938St. Clair
March 15, 1938St. Clair
May 21, 1949St. Louis
May 21, 1949St. Louis

1950s

Date Location Counties Rating Casualties Notes
January 3, 1950St. LouisF3
May 24, 1952St. ClairTornado outbreak of May 21–24, 1952
March 25, 1954St. Louis
October 6, 1955St. Clair
October 6, 1955St. Clair
February 24, 1956Pacific, MO, Lebanon, ILSt. Louis, St. ClairF46 fatalities, 36 injuriesTraveled 77.6 miles (124.9 km).
February 25, 1956Pacific, MOSt. ClairF1None
August 30, 1956St. Louis
September 15, 1956St. Clair
April 25, 1957St. Clair
May 9, 1957St. Louis
May 21, 1957St. ClairMay 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence
May 22, 1957St. Louis
April 5, 1958St. Clair
April 23, 1958St. Louis
May 3, 1958St. Louis
May 3, 1958St. Clair
May 31, 1958St. Clair
June 1, 1958St. Clair
February 10, 1959Southeastern Flourissant, MOSt. LouisF0NoneSt. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959: Minor damage to homes.
February 10, 1959Sherman, MO, Warson Woods, MOSt. LouisF421 fatalities, 345 injuriesSt. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959: Damaged or destroyed numerous structures, ripped part of the roof of the St. Louis Arena, and blew down a TV tower before causing catastrophic damage in Downtown St. Louis.
May 10, 1959St. Clair

1960–1980

Date Location Counties Rating Casualties Notes
March 29, 1960St. Clair
September 24, 1961St. Clair
January 24, 1967St. LouisF43 deaths, 216 injuredFourth-worst tornado in history to hit the St. Louis Metropolitan Area, last F4 tornado to affect St. Louis County or City until April 22, 2011. See 1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak.[5]
August 3, 1967St. Clair
October 24, 1967St. Louis
April 3, 1968St. Clair
May 15, 1968St. ClairTornado outbreak of May 1968
August 15, 1968St. Louis
June 1, 1970St. Louis
May 7, 1973St. Louis
May 26, 1973St. Louis
June 4, 1973St. Clair
March 7, 1975St. Louis
March 20, 1976St. Clair
February 23, 1977St. Louis
May 12, 1978St. Louis

1980–2000

Date Location Counties Rating Casualties Notes
April 7, 1980St. CharlesSt. Charles & St. LouisF3A tornado causing F3 damaged affected St. Louis and St. Charles counties producing 2.5 million dollars in damage
April 3, 1981EdwardsvilleMadisonF4
May 1, 1983St. Clair
April 3, 1984St. Clair
May 25, 1984St. Clair
November 15, 1988St. Clair
November 15, 1988St. Clair
November 26, 1990St. Clair
May 10, 1991St. Clair
May 11, 1991St. Clair
July 4, 1992St. Clair
May 9, 1995St. ClairTornado outbreak sequence of May 6–27, 1995
May 18, 1995St. Clair
May 18, 1995St. Clair
April 19, 1996St. ClairTornado outbreak sequence of April 1996
June 10, 1996St. Louis
April 13, 1998St. Louis
April 15, 1998St. Clair, MadisonTornado outbreak of April 15–16, 1998
April 15, 1998St. Clair

2000—present

Date Location Counties Rating Casualties Notes
June 24, 2000St. Clair
April 10, 2001St. LouisCostliest hailstorm in U.S. history. 4 in (100 mm) dia. hail in Florissant.[15]
April 27, 2002St. ClairTornado outbreak of April 27–28, 2002
June 10, 2003St. Clair
June 10, 2003St. Clair
June 10, 2003St. Clair
June 10, 2003St. Clair
November 27, 2005Webster Groves, MaplewoodSt. LouisF00Late-November 2005 tornado outbreak[16]
January 2, 2006Creve CoeurSt. LouisF10
March 11, 2006Festus, MissouriJeffersonF30Part of a three-day tornado outbreak across Missouri[17]
April 2, 2006Fairview Heights, O'Fallon, IllinoisSt. ClairEF21Tornado outbreak of April 2, 2006[18]
July 23, 2006Troy, IllinoisMadisonF10Part of the July 2006 derechoes event[19]
June 8, 2009St. ClairEF2[20]
December 31, 2010Byrnes MillJefferson2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak
December 31, 2010FentonSt. Louis
December 31, 2010BallwinSt. Louis
December 31, 2010Sunset Hills, MissouriSt. LouisEF31
February 27, 2011Troy, IllinoisMadisonEF10
April 22, 2011Foristell, New Melle, Maryland Heights, Bridgeton, St. Ann, Edmundson, Kinloch, Berkeley, Ferguson, Dellwood, Bellefontaine Neighbors, Moline Acres, Riverview, St. Louis, Pontoon Beach, Granite CitySt. Charles, St. Louis, St. Louis City, St. Clair, MadisonEF40 fatalities, some injuriesMain article: 2011 St. Louis tornado. Significant damage in North St. Louis County in Maryland Heights, St. Ann, Bridgeton, Berkeley, and Ferguson. Lambert International Airport (EF2[21]) closed due to widespread damage, windows blown out, and the destruction of Concourse C.[4]
April 10, 2013St. AlbansFranklinEF10 fatalities[12]
April 10, 2013Bridgeton, Hazelwood, FlorissantSt. LouisEF20 fatalities[12]
May 31, 2013Harvester, Earth City, Bridgeton, Ferguson, Bellefontaine Neighbors, St. LouisSt. Charles, St. Louis, St. Louis CityEF32 injuriesTornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013[22]32.5 mi (52.3 km) path over 35 min and 1 mi (1.6 km) max width[13]
May 31, 2013South RoxannaMadisonEF30Tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013[13]
May 31, 2013Byrnes Mill, ScotsdaleJeffersonEF10
May 31, 2013FranklinEF10
April 3, 2014Olivette, University CitySt. LouisEF10At ~5:20 am, about 100 buildings damaged over 0.6-mile (0.97 km) path length and 100-yard (91 m) path width[23]
June 7, 2014St. PetersSt. CharlesEF00Roof damage to an Arby's and a Club Fitness[24]
June 28, 2015 St. Charles EF2 0 Destroyed an outbuilding and damaged multiple homes, one at EF2 strength.[25]
April 26, 2016 WSW of New Melle St. Charles EF0 0 Damaged the roof of an outbuilding.[26]
March 6, 2017 Wentzville St. Charles EF1 0 fatalities, 3 injuries Tornado outbreak of March 6–7, 2017: Tornado caused minor damage to several businesses.[27]
April 29, 2017 Orchard Farm St. Charles EF0 0 Tornado outbreak and floods of April 28 – May 1, 2017: Several homes sustained minor roof damage.[28]
May 21, 2019 Augusta Franklin, St. Charles EF1 0 Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019: Caused extensive tree damage.[29]
March 27, 2021 Highland Madison EF1 0 Tornado outbreak sequence of March 24–28, 2021: Minor roof damage to homes, and a shed was completely destroyed.[30]
December 10, 2021 Defiance, Chesterfield, Maryland Heights St. Charles, St. Louis EF3 1 fatality, 2 injuries Tornado destroyed 2 homes at high-end EF3 strength east of Defiance.[31] Part of the Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021.
December 10, 2021 Pontoon Beach, Edwardsville Madison EF3 6 fatalities, 1 injury[32] Destroyed an Amazon warehouse, killing 6 people. Part of the Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021.
May 19, 2022 Kirkwood St. Louis EF0 0[33]
May 19, 2022 Frontenac St. Louis EF0 0[34]
May 19, 2022 Creve Coeur St. Louis EF0 0[34]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Brooks, Harold E.; Charles A. Doswell III (February 2001). "Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999". Weather Forecast. 16 (1): 168–76. Bibcode:2001WtFor..16..168B. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2.
  2. ↑ Smith, Mike (2010). Warnings: The True Story of How Science Tamed the Weather. Austin, TX: Greenleaf. pp. 134–5. ISBN 978-1608320349.
  3. ↑ Tornadoes in St. Louis, Mo. (1950-2011)
  4. 1 2 3 April 22 Tornadic Supercell Greater St. Louis Metropolitan Area, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri. April 23, 2011.
  5. 1 2 F4 St. Louis County Tornado, 24 January 1967, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri
  6. ↑ Violent (F4-F5) Tornadoes in the NWS St. Louis County Warning Area
  7. ↑ NWS list of tornadoes in City of St. Louis
  8. ↑ May 1896 St. Louis Tornado
  9. ↑ A Look Back: Tornado in 1927 kills 78 in St. Louis
  10. ↑ Bow Echo Event over the city of St. Louis, Missouri March 31st, 2007
  11. ↑ New Years Eve Tornado Outbreak December 31 2010, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
  12. 1 2 3 Severe Weather Event - Squall Line St. Louis Metropolitan Tornadoes April 10 2013
  13. 1 2 3 Severe Thunderstorms Produce Straight Line Wind Damage and Nine Tornadoes May 31 2013
  14. ↑ St. Louis Area Tornado Climatology
  15. ↑ The April 10, 2001 Historic Hailstorm and Supercell, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
  16. ↑ November 27, 2005 Severe Weather Event Downburst Winds and an Isolated Tornado in Maplewood, Missouri, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
  17. ↑ 11 March 2006 - Tornado Outbreak, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri
  18. ↑ 2 April 2006 - Severe Thunderstorm Outbreak, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri
  19. ↑ Largest Power Outage in the History of St. Louis, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
  20. ↑ June 8, 2009 EF2 Tornado St. Clair County, Illinois, National Weather Service, St. Louis, Missouri.
  21. ↑ "ArcGIS Web Application". apps.dat.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  22. ↑ St. Louis tornado: Twister moves 32 miles, was on ground for 35 minutes, KSHB.
  23. ↑ Olivette/University City EF1 Tornado April 3rd 2014
  24. ↑ "SPC Severe Weather Event Review for Saturday June 07, 2014".
  25. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  26. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  27. ↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Preliminary Damage Survey Information for March 6, 2017". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  28. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  29. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  30. ↑ By, daryl herzmann. "IEM :: PNS from NWS LSX". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  31. ↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "December 10th 2021 Tornado Outbreak". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
  32. ↑ "Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information".
  33. ↑ Higgins, Chris; Millitzer, Joe; Jackson, Ashleigh (19 May 2022). "EF-0 tornado touched down in St. Louis County during severe storms". FOX2 Now. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  34. 1 2 US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "May 19, 2022 Tornadoes". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-20.
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