Ordosemys liaoxiensis and Psittacosaurus preserved together

The Yixian Formation (simplified Chinese: 义县组; traditional Chinese: 義縣組; pinyin: Yìxiàn zǔ) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans about 1.6 million years during the early Cretaceous period (Barremian-Aptian stage). It is known for its fossils, listed below.

The Yixian Formation is divided into the following subunits: (ages from Zhong et al., 2021[1] unless otherwise noted)

  • Upper Yixian (124.1 Ma) ("Jingangshan Bed") ("Dawangzhangzi Bed")
  • Upper Lava Unit
  • Jianshangou Unit (125.46 Ma)
  • Lower Lava Unit
  • Lujiatun Unit (125.76–125.68 Ma)

Sauropods

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Dongbeititan

D. dongi

Beipiao Jianshangou Bed

Partial postcrania[2]

A basal titanosauriform

cf. Euhelopus

cf. E. sp.

Lujiatun Bed

Isolated teeth[3]

A basal titanosauriform

Liaoningotitan

L. sinensis

nearly complete skeleton[4]

A basal titanosauriform

Ruixinia R. zhangi Beipiao A partial articulated skeleton[5] A somphospondylan titanosauriform

Sauropoda spp.

Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds

Isolated vertebrae and teeth[6]

One or more species of sauropods, possibly titanosaurs, have been recovered from the Yixian Formation, though most remain undescribed[3]

Ornithischians

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[6]

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Bolong

B. yixianensis

Jianshangou Bed

An ornithopod

Changmiania[7] C. liaoningensis Lujiatun Bed Two nearly complete skeletons A basal ornithopod that may have dug burrows

Jeholosaurus

J. shangyuanensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"Skull with associated vertebrae and hindlimb, skull with cervical vertebrae."[8]

An ornithopod

Jinzhousaurus

J. yangi

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

"Nearly complete skull and skeleton."[9]

An ornithopod

Liaoceratops

L. yanzigouensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"[Two] nearly complete skulls, juvenile to adult."[10]

A ceratopsian

Liaoningosaurus

L. paradoxus

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

"Partial skull [and] skeleton."[11]

A small ankylosaur

Psittacosaurus

P. lujiatunensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun & Jianshangou Beds

Thousands of specimens in the Lujiatun Bed, somewhat less common in the Jianshangou Bed

A ceratopsian

Theropods

The dinosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Xu and Norell in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[6]

Avialans

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images
Abitusavis[12] A. lii "Nearly complete skeleton."[12]

Archaeorhynchus

A. spathula

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An early, advanced short-tailed bird (ornithuran)[13]

Changchengornis[14]

C. hengdaoziensis[14]

Jianshangou Bed

"Nearly complete skeleton."[14]

A confuciusornithid

Confuciusornis

C. chuonzhous

Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus[15]

C. dui[16]

Jianshangou Bed

"[Two] skeletons."[16]

C. feducciai[17]

Jianshangou Bed

C. sanctus[16]

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds

"Hundreds of complete skeletons."[16]

A primitive short-tailed bird (pygostylian), also present in the Jiufotang Formation

C. suniae

Junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus[15]

Dalingheornis

D. liweii

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An Enantiornithine[18]

Eoenantiornis

E. buhleri

Jianshangou Bed

"Nearly complete skeleton."[19]

An entantiornithine

Eogranivora

E. edentulata

Dawangzhangzi Bed

"nearly complete skeleton with skull"[20]

An ornithuromorph

Iteravis

I. huchzermeyeri

An ornithuromorph

Jinzhouornis

J. yixianensis

Jianshangou Bed

A pygostylian, a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus[21]

J. zhangjiyingia

Jianshangou Bed

Junior synonym of C. sanctus

Jixiangornis

J. orientalis

Jianshangou Bed

A basal avialan, also present in the Jiufotang Formation[22]

Hongshanornis

H. longicresta

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds[23]

4 specimens[23]

An ornithuromorph[24]

Jibeinia

J. luahera

Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.[25]

Liaoningornis

L. longidigitris

Lujiatun Bed

"Partial skeleton."[26]

An enantiornithine.[27]

Liaoxiornis

L. delicatus

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Considered a nomen dubium because the name is based on remains of a hatchling entantiornithine and cannot be confidently matched with the adult form.[28]

Lingyuanornis

L. parvus

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Junior objective synonym of Liaoxiornis delicatus, a nomen dubium.[28]

Longicrusavis

L. houi

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An ornithuromorph[24]

Longirostravis

L. hani

bed unknown

An enantiornithine

Protopteryx

P. fengningensis

Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.[25]

Mirusavis

M. parvus

Partial skeleton.[29]

An immature female enantiornithine preserved with medullary bone tissue.[29]

Shanweiniao

S. cooperorum

Dawangzhangzi Bed

An enantiornithine.[30]

Vescornis

V. hebeiensis

Previously regarded as Yixian, horizon reassigned to the Huajiying Formation by Jin et al., 2008.[25]

Yixianosaurus Y. longimanus Dawangzhangzi Bed An anchiornithid

Zhongornis

Z. haoae

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A primitive avialan with a short but non-pygostylian tail[31]

Dromaeosaurs and troodontids

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Changyuraptor[32]

C. yangi

Jianchang

A complete articulated specimen with extensive feathering.[32]

A dromaeosaurid

Daliansaurus D. liaoningensis Beipiao Lujiatun Bed A very complete specimen.[33] A troodontid

Graciliraptor

G. lujiatunensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

An incomplete specimen.

A dromaeosaurid

Jianianhualong

J. tengi

Beipiao

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A very complete specimen with feather impressions.[34]

A troodontid

Liaoningvenator L. curriei Beipiao A very complete specimen. A troodontid

Mei

M. long

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A small troodontid fossilized in a sleeping position

Sinornithosaurus

S. haoiana

Yixian

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Might be a junior synonym of Sinornithosaurus millenii.

S. millenii

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

Three specimens with skulls and postcrania, two with preserved feathers.[35] Feathered integument is also preserved.[35][36]

A dromaeosaurid, the first ever found with feather impressions.

Sinovenator

S. changii

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

Three specimens with partial skulls and postcrania.[37][38] Hundreds of additional specimens known but undescribed.

A troodontid

Sinusonasus

S. magnodens

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A troodontid

Tianyuraptor

T. ostromi

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A dromaeosaurid

Zhenyuanlong[39]

Z. suni

Jianchang

One nearly complete skeleton with preserved feathers, including long tail feathers and large wing feathers.

A dromaeosaurid

Zhongjianosaurus[40]

Z. yangi

Lingyuan

A partial skeleton including an arm, both legs, vertebrae, ribs and most of the tail.[40]

A microraptorian dromaeosaurid with very long legs.[40]

Undescribed deinonychosaur/possible troodontid

Dawangzhangzi Bed

One specimen with feather imprints

A possible troodontid.[41]

Undescribed troodontid

Specimen CAGS-IG01-004

Lujiatun Bed

Skull and partial skeleton

A troodontid similar to Mei.[42]

Unnamed dromaeosaurid

Specimen NGMC 91

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Complete specimen with feather imprints

A juvenile dromaeosaurid that may be a specimen of Sinornithosaurus millenii.[43][44] Informally nicknamed "Dave".

Other theropods

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Beipiaosaurus

B. inexpectus

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

"Incomplete skeleton with integument."[45]

A therizinosaur

Caudipteryx

C. dongi

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

"[One] partial postcranium with feather imprints."[46]

Oviraptorosaurs

C. zoui

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

Common, only over a small region

C. sp.[47]

Dilong

D. paradoxus

Beipiao

Lujiatun & Jianshangou Bed

Rare

A tyrannosauroid

Grallator

lower Jianshangou Bed

Footprints belonging to the Grallator form taxon, belonging to a small theropod. Of known Yixian theropods, the footprints most closely match Caudipteryx.[48]

Hexing

H. qingyi

Beipiao

Lujiatun

A primitive ornithomimosaur[49]

Huaxiagnathus

H. orientalis

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

A compsognathid

Incisivosaurus

I. gauthieri

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"[One] skull [and a] partial cervical."[46]

An oviraptorosaur

Jianchangosaurus J. yixianensis Jianchang A nearly complete juvenile specimen with feather impressions.[50] A therizinosaur

Ningyuansaurus

N. wangi

Complete skeleton with feather impressions.[51]

An oviraptorosaur

Protarchaeopteryx

P. robusta

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

"Nearly complete skull and skeleton, at least [two] individuals."[52]

A possible relative of Incisivosaurus

Raptorex

R. kriegsteini

A tyrannosaurid, probably from higher Mongolian strata.

Scansoriopteryx

S. heilmanni

Initially reported from the Dawangzhangzi Bed, probably from the Daohugou Beds instead.[53]

Shenzhousaurus

S. orientalis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

"Articulated skull and incomplete skeleton."[54]

A primitive ornithomimosaur

Similicaudipteryx

S. yixianensis

Two specimens

An oviraptorosaur, also present in the Jiufotang Formation[55]

Sinocalliopteryx

S. gigas

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

A large compsognathid

Sinosauropteryx

S. prima

Beipiao & Lingyuan

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds

Four nearly complete specimens[56][57]

A compsognathid. The first non-avian dinosaur found with feather impressions.

S.? sp.

Beipiao

Jianshangou Bed

One specimen (GMV 2124) with partial skull, postcrania, and preserved feathers

An unnamed coelurosaur originally described as a specimen of Sinosauropteryx, later found to be a new genus and species.[58]

Xingtianosaurus

X. ganqi

Liaoning

Dakangpu Bed

One nearly complete specimen (IVPP V13390), minus the head

An oviraptorosaur[59]

Yutyrannus

Y. huali

Unknown

Three nearly complete skeletons of various ages

A large tyrannosauroid[60]

Unnamed theropod

Not yet described

Yixian

Lujiatun Bed

Partial post-cranial skeleton[61]

A possible carnosaur[62]

Pterosaurs

The pterosaurs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and Zhou in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[63]

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Beipiaopterus

B. chenianus

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid

Boreopterus

B. cuiae

Jianshangou Bed

A boreopterid

Cathayopterus

C. grabaui

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A ctenochasmatid

Elanodactylus[64]

E. prolatus

Jianshangou Bed[65]

A ctenochasmatid
Eopteranodon E. lii[66] Beipiao A tapejarid
E. yixianensis[67] Beipiao A tapejarid

Eosipterus

E. yangi

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid

Gegepterus[68]

G. changae[65]

Jianshangou Bed[65]

A ctenochasmatid

Gladocephaloideus

G. jingangshanensis

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid
Haopterus

H. gracilis

Jianshangou Bed

An ornithocheirid
Luchibang[69] L. xingzhe One nearly complete articulated skeleton (ELDM 1000) An istiodactylid, the most complete known

Moganopterus

M. zhuiana

Lujiatun bed?

A ctenochasmatid

Ningchengopterus

N. liuae

Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed

A pterodactyloid[70]
Nurhachius N. sp. Jingangshan Member[71] An incomplete specimen[71] An istiodactylid

Pterofiltrus

P. qiui

Jianshangou Bed

A ctenochasmatid[65]

Zhenyuanopterus

Z. longirostris

Jianshangou Bed

A boreopterid.[72] May be adult form of Boreopterus.[73]

Misc. reptiles

Choristoderans

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Hyphalosaurus

H. lingyuanensis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

H. baitaigouensis

Jingangshan Bed

Thousands of specimens

Monjurosuchus

M. splendens

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Sinohydrosaurus

S. lingyuanensis

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Junior synonym of Hyphalosaurus lingyuanensis

Lizards

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Dalinghosaurus

D. longidigitus

Jianshangou Bed

A lizard related to shinisaurs

Liushusaurus

L. acanthocaudata[74]

Jianshangou or Dawangzhangzi bed

A lizard related to geckos and skinks

Xianglong

X. zhaoi

Jianshangou Bed

A gliding lizard related to chameleons and dragon lizards

Yabeinosaurus

Y. tenuis

Dawangzhangzi & Jingangshan Beds

A lizard related to geckos and skinks

Turtles

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Manchurochelys

M. liaoxiensis[75]

Jianshangou Bed

Reclassified as Ordosemys liaoxiensis[76]

M. manchoukuoensis[15]

Jingangshan Bed

Ordosemys

O. liaoxiensis[76]

Jianshangou Bed

Mammals

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The mammals listed below were compiled in a survey by Meng and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[77]

Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Acristatherium

A. yanensis[78]

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A eutherian

Akidolestes

A. cifellii

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A spalacotheriid "symmetrodont"
Ambolestes[79] A. zhoui Nincheng Jianshangou Bed A eutherian

Chaoyangodens[80]

C. lii

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A eutriconodont

Eomaia

E. scansoria

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A tribosphenidan, possibly a eutherian or stem-therian

Gobiconodon

G. zofiae

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont

G. luoianus[81]

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont; junior synonym of G. zofiae

Jeholodens

J. jenkinsi

Chaoyang

Jianshangou Bed

A eutriconodont

Juchilestes[82]

J. liaoningensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

An amphidontid

Jueconodon[83]

J. cheni

A eutriconodont

Maotherium

M. sinensis

Chaoyang

Jianshangou Bed

A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"

M. asiaticus[84]

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"

Meemannodon

M. lujiatunensis

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont
Origolestes O. lii A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"

Repenomamus

R. giganticus

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A gobiconodont

R. robustus

Beipiao

Lujiatun Bed

A large gobiconodont, which ate small dinosaurs

Sinobaatar

S. lingyuanensis

Lingyuan

Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi Beds

A multituberculate

Sinodelphys

S. szalayi

Lingyuan

Dawangzhangzi Bed

A therian, initially interpreted as a metatherian and later reinterpreted as a eutherian

Yanoconodon[85]

Y. allini[85]

Fengning[85]

A eutricondodont

Zhangheotherium

Z. quinquecuspidens

Chaoyang

Jianshangou Bed

A zhangeotheriid "symmetrodont"

Amphibians

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species County Member Material Notes Images

Callobatrachus

C. sanyanensis

Sihetun

Jianshangou Bed

Junior synonym of Liaobatrachus

Laccotriton

L. subsolanus

Paozhanggou

Fengshan Bed

A urodelan

Liaobatrachus

L. grabaui

Sihetun

Jianshangou Bed

A spadefoot toad

L. zhaoi

Beipiao & Heitizigou

Lujiatun Bed & Jianshangou Bed

A spadefoot toad

Mesophryne

M. beipiaoensis

Beipiao & Heitizigou

Lujiatun Bed & Jianshangou Bed

Junior synonym of Liaobatrachus

Sinerpeton

S. fengshanensis

Paozhanggou

Fengshan Bed

A urodelan

Fish

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Hybodontoidea indet.

Family, genus and species indeterminate

An elasmobranch known from a single dorsal fin spine[86]

Lycoptera

L. davidi

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds

Also present in the Jiufotang Formation & Huajiying Formation

An osteoglossiform

L. muroii

Jingangshan Bed

L. sinensis

Jianshangou Bed

Mesomyzon

M. mengae

A lamprey

Peipiaosteus

P. pani

Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Bed

Also present in the Jiufotang Formation

A peipiaosteid fish related to sturgeons

Protopsephurus

P. liui

Dawangzhangzi Bed

Also present in the Jiufotang & Huajiying Formations

A paddlefish

Sinamia

S. zdanskyi

Jianshangou Bed

A bowfin

Yanosteus

Y. longidorsalis

Also present in the Huajiying Formation

A peipiaosteid

Invertebrate fauna of the Yixian Formation

The invertebrate species listed below follow a survey by Chen and colleagues published in 2005, unless otherwise noted.[75]

Arachnids

The arachnid species listed below follow a catalogue compiled by Dunlop, Penney and Jekel in 2010, unless otherwise noted.[87]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

?Araneus

A.? aethus

Orb-weaver spiders

A.? beipiaoensis

A.? liaoxiensis

A.? reheensis

Cretaraneus

C. liaoningensis

A nephiline spider

?Gnaphosa

G.? liaoningensis

A ground spider

?Theridion

T.? atalus

A tangle web spider

Beetles (Coleoptera)

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images

Anoixis

A. complanus

A desmatin click beetle[88]

Apoclion

A. antennatus

Desmatin click beetles[88]

A. clavatus

A. dolini

Coptoclava

C. longipoda

A beetle[89]

Desmatinus

D. cognatus

A desmatin click beetle[88]

Fortiseode

F. pervalimand

An eodromeine trachypachid beetle[90]

Glaresis

G. orthochilus

A laresid scarab beetle[91]

Hydrophilopsia

H. gracilis

Hydrophiloid water scavenger beetles[92]

H. hydraenoides

H. shatrovskiyi

Lasiosyne L. integera Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, northeastern China.[93] A lasiosynid beetle.[93]
L. parva Huangbanjigou Village, Liaoning Province, northeastern China.[93] A lasiosynid beetle.[93]

Liaoximordella

L. hongi

A mordellid beetle[94]

Mirimordella

M. gracilicruralis

A mordellid beetle[95]

Oxyporus

O. yixianus

An oxyporine rove beetle[96]

Paradesmatus

P. dilatatus

A desmati click beetle[88]

Parageotrupes

P. incanus

A Geotrupine scarab beetle[97]

Sinocupes

S. validus

A beetle[89]

Sinosperchopsis

S. silinae

A hydrophiloid water scavenger beetle[92]

Sinoxytelus

S. breviventer

Oxyteline rove beetles[98]

S. euglypheus

S. longisetosus

Crustaceans

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Chenops[99] C. oblongus Notostracans
C. yixianensis
Cricoidoscelosus C. aethus Junior synonym of Palaeocambarus[100]
Cypridea C. (Cypridea) liaoningensis Jianshangou Bed Ostracods
C. (C.) sihetunensis Jianshangou Bed
C. (C.) veridica arguta Jingangshan Bed
C. (C.) sp. Jianshangou Bed
C. (Ulwellia) beipiaoensis Beipiao Jianshangou Bed
Damonella D. formosa Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
Darwinula D. leguminella Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
Diestheria D. jeholensis Jianshangou Bed Clam shrimps
D. yixianensis Dawangzhangzi Bed
D.? sp. Jianshangou Bed
Eosestheria E. jingangshanensis Jingangshan Bed Clam shrimps
E. lingyuanensis Dawangzhangzi Bed
E. aff. middendorfii Jingangshan Bed
E. ovata Jianshangou Bed
E. sihetunensis Jianshangou Bed
Eosestheriopsis E. gujialingensis Jianshangou Bed A clam shrimp
Jeholops[99] J. hongi A notostracan
Liaoningogriphus L. quadripartitus Jianshangou and Dawangzhangzi beds A shrimp
Lycopterocypris L. infantilis Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
Mantelliana M. sp. Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
"Mongolarachne" "M." chaoyangensis Dawangzhangzi Beds Junior synonym of Palaeocambarus[101]
Mongolianella M. cf. palmosa Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
Palaeocambarus P. licenti A crayfish[102]
Rhinocyrpis R. jurassica Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
Timiriasevia T. jianshangouensis Jianshangou Bed An ostracod
?Yanjiestheria Y.? beipiaoensis Beipiao Jianshangou Bed A clam shrimp
Yanshania Y. dabeigouensis Jianshangou Bed An ostracod


Dragonflies (Odonata)

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The dragonfly species listed below follow a review compiled by Zhang, Ren and Panf in 2008, unless otherwise noted.[103]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Abrohemeroscopus A. mengi A dragonfly
Sinaeschnidia sp.
Aeschnidium A. heishankowense Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia heishankowense[104]
A. sp.
Archaeogomphus A. labius Nymphs[104] Reclassified as Yixiangomphus labius,[105] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa[104]
Bellabrunetia B. catherinae A dragonfly
Chrysogomphus C. beipiaoensis A dragonfly
Dissurus D. liaoyuanensis[105] Poorly preserved nymph[104] Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa[104]
Dracontaeschnidium D. orientale A dragonfly
Hebeiaeschnidia H. fengningensis A dragonfly
Huaxiagomphus H. taushanensis A dragonfly[105]
Liogomphus L. yixianensis A dragonfly
Mesocordulia

M. boreala

A corduliid dragonfly[94]
Palaeogomphus P. labius A dragonfly, reclassified as of Yixiangomphus labius,[105] which is a junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa[104]
Parapetala P. liaoningensis A dragonfly
P. yixianensis Jianshangou Unit[106]
Protoliupanshania P. wangi Jianshangou Unit[106] A liupanshaniid dragonfly
Pseudocymatophlebia P. bisecta Ningcheng County[107] A well-preserved specimen.[107] An aktassiid dragonfly
Pseudoliupanshania P. magnanicellula Jianshangou Unit[106]
Pseudosamarura P. largina[89] One specimen, nymph[104] Reclassified as Sinaeschnidia cf. cancellosa[104]
Rudiaeschna R. limnobia An aeshnid dragonfly[94]
Sinaeschnidia S. heishankowense Jianshangou & Dawangzhangzi Beds Adults and nymphs[104]
S. cancellosa[104] Junior synonym of S. heishankowense[108]
S. sp. Indeterminate nymph specimens[104] Some nymph specimens have been given their own genera and species though probably belong so S. heishankowense but too poorly preserved to be certain[104]
Sinogomphus S. taoshanensis A dragonfly
Sinojagoria S. imperfecta A dragonfly
Sopholibellula S. amoena Dragonflies
S. eleganti
Stylaeschnidium S. rarum A dragonfly
Telmaeshna T. paradoxica Beipiao A dragonfly
Turanophlebia T. liaoningensis Beipiao[109] Jianshangou Unit[109] A tarsophlebiid dragonfly.
Yixiangomphus Y. labius Nymphs[104] Junior synonym of Sinaeschnidia cancellosa[104]

Flies (Diptera)

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Alleremonmus A. xingi Jianshangou Bed A brachyceran fly
Atalosciophila A. yanensis A mycetophilid gnat[110]
Chironomaptera C. gregaria A phantom midge
Gigantoberis G. liaoningensis A soldier fly[111]
Lichnoplecia L. kovalevi A protopleciid fly[112]
Palaepangonius P. eupterus A horse-fly[94]
Protapiocera P. megista An asiloid fly[94]
Protempis P. minuta A brachyceran fly[94]
Protonemestrius P. jurassicus A tangle-veined fly[94]

Wasps (Hymenoptera)

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Abropelecinus A. annulatus Beipiao An iscopinine pelecinid[113]
Angaridyela A. robusta Jianshangou Bed A sawfly
Azygopelecinus A. clavatus Beipiao

An iscopinine pelecinid[113]

Chengdeserphus C. petidatus A proctotrupid wasp[94]
Cretevania C. exquisita Beipiao Hatchet wasps[114]
C. pristine Jianshangou bed
C. vesca
Hoplitolyda H. duolunica The largest known sawfly ever[115]
Liaotoma L. linearis A xyelotomid woodwasp[94]
Manlaya M. flexuosus An aulacid woodwasp[94]
Procretevania P. exquisita

Reclassified as Cretevania spp.[116]

P. pristine
P. vesca
Rudisiricius R. belli

Praesiricid sawflies[117]

R. celsus
R. crassinodus
Scolichneumon S. rectivenius An ichneumonoid wasp[94]
Sinopelecinus S. viriosus A pelecinid[113]
Tanychora T. exquisita Jianshangou Bed An ichneumon wasp

Other insects

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Abrigramma A. calophleba A kalligrammatid lacewing[118]
Alloraphidia A. bliquivenatica[89] Snakeflies
A. longistigmasa Jianshangou Bed
Archeraphidia A. shangyuanensis A snakefly[89]
Baissopterus B. liaoningensis A snakefly[89]
Caenoephemera C. shangyuanensis Jianshangou Bed A mayfly[89]
Caloraphidia C. glossophylla A snakefly[94]
Choromyrmeleon C. othneius An antlion[94]
Circulaboilus C. aureus A grig[119]
Cretophasmomima C. melanogramma A stick insect[120]
Cretophasmomima, a stick insect
Cretophasmomima, a stick insect
?Ephemeropsis ?E. trisetalis Jianshangou and Jingangshan beds A mayfly. Chinese specimens probably represent species of Epicharmeropsis[121]
Epicharmeropsis E. hexavenulosus[121] Pingquan Mayflies
E. quadrivenulosus[121] Beipiao Jianshangou Bed
Hagiphasma H. paradoxa Jianshangou Bed A stick insect
Ilerdocossus I. beipiaoensis Palaeontinid hemipterans[122][123]
I. exiguus
I. exquisitus
I. fengningensis
I. hui
I. pingquanensis
Ithigramma I. multinervia Kalligrammatid lacewings[118]
Kalligramma K. liaoningensis Jianshangou Bed
Karatavoblatta K. formosa A cockroach[89]
Liaoaphidia L. fornicata A snakefly[89]
Liaonemobius L. tanae A sword-tail cricket[94]
Longicellochrysa L. yixiana A mesochrysopid lacewing[124]
Mesascalaphus M. yangi An owlfly[94]
Mesolygaeus M. laiyangensis A water bug[89]
Metabittacus M. colosseus Jianshangou Bed A scorpionfly[125]
Miracossus M. gongi Palaeontinid hemipterans[122]
M. ingentius
Nipponoblatta N. acerba Jianshangou Bed A cockroach
Oloberotha O. sinica A beaded lacewing[94]
Oregramma O. aureolosa Kalligrammatid lacewings[118]
O. illecebrosa
Pseudopulex P. magnus Stem-fleas[126][127]
P. tanlan
Renphasma R. sinica A stick insect[128]
Saurophthirus S. exquisitus Stem-fleas[129]
S. laevigatus
Sinochresmoda S. magnicornia A chresmodid water-skiing insect[130]
Sinosharaperla S. zhaoi Beipiao A stonefly[131]
Sinoviparosiphum S. lini An aphid[94]
Sophogramma S. lii Jianshangou Bed Kalligrammatid lacewings[132][118]
S. pingquanica
Tetraphelerus T. laetus A moth[89]
Tyrannopsylla T. beipiaoensis A stem-flea[133]
Varicapitatus V. sinuolatus "Huangbanjigou, Chaomidian Village, Beipiao City."[134] A hemipteran
Unnamed Vitimotauliidae Unnamed A caddisfly pupa, likely belonging to the Vitimotauliidae[135]

Molluscs

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Amplovalvata A. sp. Jianshangou Bed A gastropod
Arguniella A. lingyuanensis Jianshangou Bed A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang and Fuxin Formations
A. yanshanensis Jianshangou Bed A bivalve, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
Bithynia B. haizhouensis Jingangshan Bed A gastropod
Corbicula C. anderssoni Jianshangou Bed Reclassified as Sphaerium anderssoni
C. jeholense Reclassified as Sphaerium jeholense
Gyraulus G. sp. Jianshangou Bed A ramshorn snail
Probaicalia P. vitimensis Jianshangou Bed A gastropod
Ptychastylus P. harpaeformis Jianshangou Bed Gastropods
P. cf. phillipi Jianshangou Bed
Sphaerium S. anderssoni Jianshangou Bed A fingernail clam, also present in the Jiufotang Formation
S. jeholense Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
S. selenginense Junior synonym of S. anderssoni
?Viviparus V.? cf. matsumotoi Jingangshan Bed A snail


Flora of the Yixian Formation

Conifers

The coniferous trees and shrubs listed below were compiled in a survey by Wang and colleagues in 2006, unless otherwise noted.[136]

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Brachyphyllum A cypress-like conifer
Cephalotaxopsis A yew
Cunninghamia A cypress
Elatides A cypress
Elatocladus E. leptophyllus Conifers of uncertain classification
E. manchurica[15]
Liaoningocladus L. boii Jingangshan Bed A conifer of uncertain classification
Pagiophyllum A cypress-like conifer
Pityocladus A pine
Pityolepis P. sp.[15] A pine
Pityophyllum P. cf. lindstroemi[15] A pine
Pityostrobus A pine
Podozamites P. lanceolatus[15] A conifer of uncertain classification
Schizolepis S. jeholensis[15]
?Sequoia S.? jeholensis[15]
Taxus A yew
Torreya A yew

Yanliaoia

Y. sinensis[15]

Ferns

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Cladophlebis C. spp.[15]
Coniopteris C. sp.[15]
Onychiopsis O. elongata[15] Junior synonym of O. psilotoides
O. psilotoides[15]
?Ruffordia R.? sp.[15]

Flowering plants

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Archaefructus A. eoflora Jianshangou Bed A primitive, aquatic angiosperm
A. liaoningensis Jianshangou Bed
A. sinensisis Dawangzhangzi Bed
Callianthus C. dilae[137] Liaoning A plant with true flowers
?Davallia D.? niehhutzuensis[15]
Erenia E. stenoptera[137] Liaoning Actually a specimen of Callianthus
Leefructus L. mirus[138] A eudicot
Liaoxia L. chenii[15]
?Potamogeton P.? jeholensis[15]
Ranunculus R. jeholensis[15] Junior synonym of Potamogeton jeholensis
Sinocarpus S. decussatus A primitive eudicot

Ginkgos

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Baiera B. cf. gracilis[15]
B. orientalis[15]
Czekanowskia C. rigida[15]
Ginkgo G. apodes[139]
Ginkgoites G. sibiricus[15]
Leptostrobus L. sp.[15]
?Nageiopsis N.? sp.[15]
Phoenicopsis P. cf. augustifolia[15]
Solenites S. sp.[15]
Sphenobaiera S. longifola[15]

Other plants

Genus Species County Member Abundance Notes Images
Chaoyangia C. liangii[140] A gnetale gymnosperm
Chaoyangicarpus C. liangii[15] Junior synonym of Chaoyangia liangii
Ephedra E. sp. A gymnosperm
Equisetum E. sp. A horsetail
Eragrosites E. changii[140] A grass-like gnetale gymnosperm
Siphonospermum S. simplex[141] Beipiao Jianshangou Bed A gnetale gymnosperm
Tyrmia T. sp.[15] A cycad

References

  1. Zhong, Yuting; Huyskens, Magdalena H; Yin, Qing-Zhu; Wang, Yaqiong; Ma, Qiang; Xu, Yi-Gang (2021-04-12). "High-precision geochronological constraints on the duration of 'Dinosaur Pompeii' and the Yixian Formation". National Science Review. 8 (6): nwab063. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwab063. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8288181. PMID 34691675.
  2. Wang, X.; You, H.; Meng, Q.; Gao, C.; Chang, X.; Liu, J. (2007). "Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China". Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition). 81 (6): 911–916. Bibcode:2007AcGlS..81..911W. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01013.x. S2CID 128812879.
  3. 1 2 Barrett, P.M.; Wang, X. (2007). "Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.07.001.
  4. Chang-fu Zhou; Wen-hao Wu; Toru Sekiya; Zhi-ming Dong (2018). "A new Titanosauriformes dinosaur from Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China". Global Geology. 37 (2): 327–333. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-5589.2018.02.001.
  5. Mo, Jinyou; Ma, Feimin; Yu, Yilun; Xu, Xing (2022-12-09). "A New Titanosauriform Sauropod with An Unusual Tail from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeastern China". Cretaceous Research. 144: 105449. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105449. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 254524890.
  6. 1 2 3 Xu, X.; Norell, M.A. (2006). "Non-Avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.
  7. Yang, Yuqing; Wu, Wenhao; Dieudonné, Paul-Emile; Godefroit, Pascal (2020-09-08). "A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China". PeerJ. 8: e9832. doi:10.7717/peerj.9832. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7485509. PMID 33194351.
  8. "Table 18.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 395.
  9. "Table 19.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 416.
  10. "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.
  11. "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 367.
  12. 1 2 Min Wang; Zhiheng Li; Qingguo Liu; Zhonghe Zhou (2020). "Two new Early Cretaceous ornithuromorph birds provide insights into the taxonomy and divergence of Yanornithidae (Aves: Ornithothoraces)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (21): 1805–1827. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1805W. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1836050. S2CID 229320421.
  13. Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006). "A beaked basal ornithurine bird (Aves, Ornithurae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (4): 363–373. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00234.x. S2CID 85222311.
  14. 1 2 3 "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 211.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Smith, J.B., Harris, J.D., Omar, G.I., Dodson, P. and You, H. (2001). "Biostratigraphy and avian origins in northeastern China. Appendix: Biota of the Yixian Formation and the endemicity of its taxa." In Gauthier, J. and Gall, L.F. (eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom. New Haven: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2.
  16. 1 2 3 4 "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 212.
  17. Zhang, Zihui; Gao, Chunling; Meng, Qingjin; Liu, Jinyuan; Hou, Lianhai; Zheng, Guangmei (2009). "Diversification in an Early Cretaceous avian genus: evidence from a new species of Confuciusornis from China". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (4): 783–790. doi:10.1007/s10336-009-0399-x. S2CID 21418230.
  18. Zihui, Zhang; Lianhai, HOU; Yoshikasu, Hasegawa; O'Connor, Jingmai; Martin, Larry D.; Chiappe, Luis M. (2010). "The first Mesozoic heterodactyl bird from China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 80 (5): 631–635. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2006.tb00285.x. S2CID 129069702.
  19. "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 213.
  20. Xiaoting Zheng; Jingmai K. O'Connor; Xiaoli Wang; Yan Wang; Zhonghe Zhou (2018). "Reinterpretation of a previously described Jehol bird clarifies early trophic evolution in the Ornithuromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 285 (1871): 20172494. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2494. PMC 5805944. PMID 29386367.
  21. Hou, L.H., Zhou, Z.H., Zhang, F.C., et al. (2002). "Mesozoic Birds from Western Liaoning." In China Shenyang, China: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House
  22. Ji; Ji, Ji; Zhang, You; Zhang, Wang; Yuan (2002). "A new avialian bird - Jixiangornis orientalis gen. et sp. nov. - from the Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, NE China". Journal of Nanjing University (Natural Sciences). 38 (6): 723–736.
  23. 1 2 Chiappe, L. M.; Zhao, B.; O'Connor, J. K.; Chunling, G.; Wang, X.; Habib, M.; Marugan-Lobon, J.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X. (2014). "A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Hongshanornis longicresta: Insights into the aerodynamics and diet of a basal ornithuromorph". PeerJ. 2: e234. doi:10.7717/peerj.234. PMC 3898307. PMID 24482756.
  24. 1 2 O'Connor, J.K.; Gao, K.-Q.; Chiappe, L.M. (2010). "A new ornithuromorph (Aves: Ornithothoraces) bird from the Jehol Group indicative of higher-level diversity" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (2): 311–321. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..311O. doi:10.1080/02724631003617498. S2CID 53489175.
  25. 1 2 3 Jin, Fan; Zhang, Fucheng; Li, Zhiheng; Zhang, Jiangyong; Li, Chun; Zhou, Zhonghe (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (18): 2820–2827. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.2820J. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5. S2CID 133507763.
  26. "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 214.
  27. O'Connor, J.K. (2012). "A revised look at Liaoningornis longidigitris (Aves)". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (1): 25–37.
  28. 1 2 Chiappe, L.M.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny". American Museum Novitates (3594): 1. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3594[1:JBFTEC]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5890. S2CID 85871695.
  29. 1 2 Wang, Min; O'Connor, Jingmai K; Bailleul, Alida M; Li, Zhiheng (2020-06-01). "Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird". National Science Review. 7 (6): 1068–1078. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz214. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8289052. PMID 34692126.
  30. O'Connor, Jingmai K.; Wang, X.; Chiappe, L.M.; Gao, C.; Meng, Q.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 188–204. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..188O. doi:10.1080/02724634.2009.10010371. S2CID 196607241.
  31. Gao, C.; Chiappe, L.M.; Meng, Q.; O'Connor, J.K.; Wang, X.; Cheng, X.; Liu, J. (2008). "A new basal lineage of Early Cretaceous birds from China and its implications on the evolution of the avian tail". Palaeontology. 51 (4): 775–791. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..775G. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00793.x. S2CID 85431224.
  32. 1 2 Gang Han; Luis M. Chiappe; Shu-An Ji; Michael Habib; Alan H. Turner; Anusuya Chinsamy; Xueling Liu & Lizhuo Han (15 July 2014). "A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance". Nature Communications. 5, Article number: 4382: 4382. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.4382H. doi:10.1038/ncomms5382. PMID 25025742. S2CID 205327789.
  33. Shen, Caizhi; Lü, Junchang; Liu, Sizhao; Kundrát, Martin; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Gao, Hailong (2017-06-01). "A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China" (PDF). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 91 (3): 763–780. Bibcode:2017AcGlS..91..763S. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.13307. hdl:20.500.11820/dc010682-fce0-4db4-bef6-7b2b29f5be8a. ISSN 1755-6724. S2CID 129939153.
  34. Xu, Xing; Currie, Philip; Pittman, Michael; Xing, Lida; Meng, Qingjin; Lü, Junchang; Hu, Dongyu; Yu, Congyu (2017-05-02). "Mosaic evolution in an asymmetrically feathered troodontid dinosaur with transitional features". Nature Communications. 8: ncomms14972. Bibcode:2017NatCo...814972X. doi:10.1038/ncomms14972. PMC 5418581. PMID 28463233.
  35. 1 2 "Table 10.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 198.
  36. Azuma, (2005). The Flying Dinosaurs: Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 118 pp.
  37. "Table 9.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 185.
  38. White, Matt (2009). "The subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus architecture demonstrating the evolution of the arctometatarsus and advanced agility in theropod dinosaurs". Alcheringa. 33 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2009Alch...33....1W. doi:10.1080/03115510802618193. S2CID 85276956.
  39. Lü, Junchang; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2015). "A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution". Scientific Reports. 5: Article number 11775. Bibcode:2015NatSR...511775L. doi:10.1038/srep11775. PMC 4504142. PMID 26181289.
  40. 1 2 3 Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017). "A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-13.
  41. Xu, Xu; Norell, M. (2006). "Non-avian dinosaur fossils from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning, China". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 419–437. doi:10.1002/gj.1044. S2CID 32369205.
  42. Hwang; Norell; Ji; Gao (2004). "A new troodontid from the lower Yixian Formation of China and its affinities to Mongolian troodontids". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (3): 73A–74A.
  43. Senter, Phil (2011). "Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (10): 2197–2216. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x. PMID 21726330. S2CID 41172539.
  44. Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012). "A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 371: 1–206. doi:10.1206/748.1. hdl:2246/6352. S2CID 83572446.
  45. "Table 7.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 152.
  46. 1 2 "Table 8.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 166.
  47. Zhou, Wang; Zhang; Xu (2000). "Important features of Caudipteryx - evidence from two nearly complete new specimens" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica (in Chinese). 38 (4): 241–254.
  48. Xing, L.D.; Harris, J.D.; Feng, X.Y.; Zhang, Z.J. (2009). "Theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) tracks from Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun Village, Liaoning Province, China and possible track makers". Geological Bulletin of China. 28 (6): 705–712.
  49. Jin Liyong, Chen Jun and Pascal Godefroit (2012). "A New Basal Ornithomimosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, Northeast China". In Godefroit, P. (ed.). Bernissart Dinosaurs and Early Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems. Indiana University Press. pp. 467–487.
  50. Pu, Hanyong; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Lü, Junchang; Xu, Li; Wu, Yanhua; Chang, Huali; Zhang, Jiming; Jia, Songhai (2013-05-29). "An Unusual Basal Therizinosaur Dinosaur with an Ornithischian Dental Arrangement from Northeastern China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e63423. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...863423P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063423. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3667168. PMID 23734177.
  51. Ji Qiang; Lü Jun-Chang; Wei Xue-Fang; Wang Xu-Ri (2012). "A new oviraptorosaur from the Yixian Formation of Jianchang, Western Liaoning Province, China". Regional Geology of China (12): 2102–2107.
  52. "Table 11.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 216.
  53. Wang, X.; Zhou, Z.; He, H.; Jin, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, X.; Zhang, F.; et al. (2005). "Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou Bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2369–2376. Bibcode:2005ChSBu..50.2369W. doi:10.1007/BF03183749. S2CID 198142479.
  54. "Table 5.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 138.
  55. Xu, X.; Zheng, X.; You, H. (2010). "Exceptional dinosaur fossils show ontogenetic development of early feathers". Nature. 464 (7293): 1338–1341. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1338X. doi:10.1038/nature08965. PMID 20428169. S2CID 205220207.
  56. "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 76.
  57. Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010). "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds" (PDF). Nature. 463 (7284): 1075–1078. Bibcode:2010Natur.463.1075Z. doi:10.1038/nature08740. PMID 20107440. S2CID 205219587.
  58. Shu'an, JI; Chunling, GAO; Jinyuan, LIU; Qingjin, Meng; Qiang, JI (2007). "New material of Sinosauropteryx (Theropoda: Compsognathidae) from Western Liaoning, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 81 (2): 177–182. Bibcode:2007AcGlS..81..177J. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00942.x. S2CID 131019046.
  59. Rui Qiu; Xiaolin Wang; Qiang Wang; Ning Li; Jialiang Zhang; Yiyun Ma (2019). "A new caudipterid from the Lower Cretaceous of China with information on the evolution of the manus of Oviraptorosauria". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): Article number 6431. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.6431Q. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42547-6. PMC 6483983. PMID 31024012.
  60. Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012). "A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China" (PDF). Nature. 484 (7392): 92–95. Bibcode:2012Natur.484...92X. doi:10.1038/nature10906. PMID 22481363. S2CID 29689629. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-17.
  61. Xing, L.; Bell, P.R.; Currie, P.J.; Shibata, M.; Tseng, K.; Dong, Z. (2012). "A sauropod rib with an embedded theropod tooth: direct evidence for feeding behaviour in the Jehol group, China". Lethaia. 45 (4): 500–506. Bibcode:2012Letha..45..500X. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2012.00310.x.
  62. Zhao, Q.; Xu, X. (2008). "A new Theropod from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (3): 164A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2008.10010459. S2CID 220405736.
  63. Wang, X.; Zhou, Z. (2006). "Pterosaur assemblages of the Jehol Biota and their implication for the Early Cretaceous pterosaur radiation". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 405–418. Bibcode:2006GeolJ..41..405X. doi:10.1002/gj.1046. S2CID 131602205.
  64. Zhou, C (2009). "New material of Elanodactylus prolatus Andres & Ji, 2008 (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 255 (3): 277–286. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0022.
  65. 1 2 3 4 Jiang, S.; Wang, X. (2011). "A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous, western Liaoning, China" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (4): 1243–1249. doi:10.1590/s0001-37652011000400011. PMID 22146956.
  66. Lü, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review. 51 (4): 458–462.
  67. Zhang, Xinjun; Jiang, Shunxing; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Cheng, Xin; Costa, Fabiana R.; Wang, Xiaolin (2023-09-01). "A new species of Eopteranodon (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Cretaceous Research. 149: 105573. Bibcode:2023CrRes.14905573Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105573. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 258531568.
  68. Wang X., 2008, "Order Pterosauria" In: Li J., Wu X., Zhnag F. eds. Chinese Fossil Reptiles and their Kin 2nd edition, Science Press, Beijing p. 215–234
  69. Hone, David W. E.; Fitch, Adam J.; Ma, Feimin; Xu, Xing (2020-03-04). "An unusual new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur from China based on a near complete specimen". Palaeontologia Electronica. 23 (1): 1–43. doi:10.26879/1015. ISSN 1094-8074. S2CID 243055980.
  70. Lü J. (2009). "A baby pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83....1L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00001.x. S2CID 85074573.
  71. 1 2 Ozeki, Masanori; Unwin, David M.; Bell, Phil R.; Li, Daqing; Xing, Lida (2023-06-26). "A new pterosaur specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China: The oldest fossil record of Nurhachius". Historical Biology: 1–14. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2222127. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 259677697.
  72. Lu, J. (2010). "A new boreopterid pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica. 24 (2): 241–246. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..241L. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00204.x. S2CID 140600398.
  73. Witton, Mark P. (2013). Pterosaurs: natural history, evolution, anatomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-4765-5. OCLC 842919760.
  74. Evans, S.E.; Wang, Y. (2010). "A new lizard (Reptilia: Squamata) with exquisite preservation of soft tissue from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 81–95. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8...81E. doi:10.1080/14772010903537773. S2CID 56046960.
  75. 1 2 Chen, P.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, H.; Cao, M.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Shen, Y. (2005). "Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 48 (3): 298–312. Bibcode:2005ScChD..48..298C. doi:10.1360/04yd0038. S2CID 130825449.
  76. 1 2 Tong, H.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q. (2004). "Ordosemys (Testudines: Cryptodira) from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China: New Specimens and Systematic Revision". American Museum Novitates (3438): 1–20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)438<0001:OTCFTY>2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/2803. ISSN 0003-0082. S2CID 55873696.
  77. Meng, J.; Hu, Y.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2006). "The mammal fauna in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota: implications for diversity and biology of Mesozoic mammals". Geological Journal. 41 (3–4): 439–463. Bibcode:2006GeolJ..41..439J. doi:10.1002/gj.1054. S2CID 84397126.
  78. Hu, Y.; Meng, J.; Li, C.; Wang, Y. (2010). "New basal eutherian mammal from the Early Cretaceous Jehol biota, Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 229–236. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0203. PMC 2842663. PMID 19419990.
  79. Bi, Shundong; Zheng, Xiaoting; Wang, Xiaoli; Cignetti, Natalie E.; Yang, Shiling; Wible, John R. (2018). "An Early Cretaceous eutherian and the placental–marsupial dichotomy". Nature. 558 (7710): 390–395. Bibcode:2018Natur.558..390B. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0210-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 29899454. S2CID 49183466.
  80. Shilin Hou & Jin Meng (2014). "A new eutriconodont mammal from the early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning, China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 59 (5–6): 546–553. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59..546H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-0088-2. S2CID 129366743.
  81. Smith, Thierry; Smith, Richard; Zhang, Xingliao; Xi, Yunhong; Wu, Yanhua; Ji, Qiang (2009). "A New Species of Gobiconodon (Mammalia) from Western Liaoning, China and its Implication for the Dental Formula of Gobiconodon". Acta Geologica Sinica. 83 (2): 207–211. Bibcode:2009AcGlS..83..207Y. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00035.x. S2CID 129667303.
  82. Gao, CL; Wilson, GP; Luo, ZX; Maga, AM; Meng, Q; Wang, X (2010). "A new mammal skull from the Lower Cretaceous of China with implications for the evolution of obtuse-angled molars and 'amphilestid' eutriconodonts". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 237–246. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1014. PMC 2842676. PMID 19726475.
  83. Mao, F.; Zhang, C.; Liu, C.; Meng, J. (2021). "Fossoriality and evolutionary development in two Cretaceous mammaliamorphs". Nature. 592 (7855): 577–582. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..577M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03433-2. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33828300. S2CID 233183060.
  84. Martin, Thomas; Ruf, Irina (2009). "On the mammalian ear". Science. 326 (5950): 243–244. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..243M. doi:10.1126/science.1181131. PMID 19815765. S2CID 26545052.
  85. 1 2 3 Luo, Z.; Chen, P.; Li, G.; Chen, M. (2007). "A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals" (PDF). Nature. 446 (7133): 288–93. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..288L. doi:10.1038/nature05627. PMID 17361176. S2CID 4329583.
  86. Zhang, J. (2007). "Two shark finspines (Hybodontoidea) from the Mesozoic of North China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 277–280. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..277Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.005.
  87. Dunlop, J.A., Penney, D. and Jekel, D. (2010). "A summary list of fossil spiders." In Platnick, N. I. (ed.) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html
  88. 1 2 3 4 Huali, C.; Kirejtshuk, A.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Fossil Elaterids (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Elateridae) From the Jehol Biota in China". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 103 (6): 866–874. doi:10.1603/AN09076. S2CID 55827291.
  89. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Lin, Q.B.; Huang, D.Y. (2001). "Description of Caenophemera shangyuanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera), from the Yixian Formation". The Canadian Entomologist. 133 (6): 747–754. doi:10.4039/Ent133747-6. S2CID 85742721.
  90. Jia, T., Liang, H., Chang, H. and Ren, D. (2011). "A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae)." Zootaxa, 2736: 63–68. pdf link Archived 2012-03-10 at the Wayback Machine
  91. Bai, M.; Krell, F.T.; Ren, D.; Yang, X. (2010). "A New, Weil-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 676–679. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..676M. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00229.x. S2CID 140694460.
  92. 1 2 Prokin, A.; Ren, D.; Martin, F. (2010). "New Mesozoic Water Scavenger Beetles from the Yixian Formation in China (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Annales Zoologici. 60 (2): 173–179. doi:10.3161/000345410X516821. S2CID 51491869.
  93. 1 2 3 4 Guo, Henan; Zhao, Yanchen; Chang, Huali; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2022-08-13). "Two new species of Lasiosyne from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Coleoptera, Lasiosynidae)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105336. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005336G. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105336. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251558114.
  94. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Ren, D. (2002). "Progress in the study of Mesozoic fossil insects during the last decade in China". Acta Entomologica Sinica. 45: 234–240.
  95. Liu, M.; Lu, W.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new fossil mordellid (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning Province, China". Zootaxa. 1415: 49–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1415.1.6. S2CID 4494968.
  96. Yue, Y.; Ren, D.; Solodovnikovb, A. (2011). "The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (4): 2. Bibcode:2011JSPal...9..467Y. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.493049. S2CID 83787190.
  97. Nikolajev, G.V.; Ren, D. (2010). "New Genus of the Subfamily Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupindae) from the Jehol Biota". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 673–675. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..673N. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00260.x. S2CID 83650978.
  98. Yue, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, D. (2010). "Three new Mesozoic Staphylinids (Coleoptera) from Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 31 (1): 61–70. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31...61Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.005.
  99. 1 2 Hegna, Thomas A.; Dong, REN (2010). "Two New "Notostracans", Chenops gen. nov. and Jeholops gen. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: ?Notostraca) from the Yixian Formation, Northeastern China". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 886–894. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..886H. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00232.x. S2CID 85023596.
  100. "Crayfishes from the Jehol biota". Geodiversitas. 45 (24): 689–719. 2023.
  101. Paul A. Selden; Alison N. Olcott; Matt R. Downen; Dong Ren; Chungkun Shih; Xiaodong Cheng (2019). "The supposed giant spider Mongolarachne chaoyangensis, from the Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, is a crayfish" (PDF). Palaeoentomology. 2 (5): 515–522. doi:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.15. S2CID 208124459.
  102. Shen, Y., Schram, F.R. and Taylor, R.S. (2001). "Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota, Liaoning Province, China and its texonomic discrimination." Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(1 ): 26–33.
  103. Zhang, B. Ren; Pang, H. (2008). "Telmaeshna paradoxica gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil dragonfly (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning, China". Zootaxa. 1681: 62–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1681.1.6.
  104. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Zhang, J. (2000). "The discovery of aeschnidiid nymphs (Aeschnidiidae, Odonata, Insecta)". Chinese Science Bulletin. 45 (11): 1031–1038. Bibcode:2000ChSBu..45.1031Z. doi:10.1007/bf02884986. S2CID 85282862.
  105. 1 2 3 4 Lin, Q. (1994). "Cretaceous insects of China". Cretaceous Research. 15 (3): 305–316. Bibcode:1994CrRes..15..305L. doi:10.1006/cres.1994.1019.
  106. 1 2 3 Zheng, Daran; Zhang, Xin; Zhang, Haichun; Nel, André (2022-08-13). "New Lower Cretaceous aeshnopteran dragonflies from western Liaoning, NE China (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105324. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005324Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105324. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251558031.
  107. 1 2 Yang, Qiang; Ren, Dong; Shi, Chaofan (June 2023). "New petalurid dragonfly (Odonata: Aktassiidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of northern China". Cretaceous Research. 151: 105609. Bibcode:2023CrRes.15105609Y. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105609. S2CID 259601344.
  108. Fleck, G.; Nel, A. (2003). "Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera)". Zoologica. 153: 1–170.
  109. 1 2 Fang, Rui; Zheng, Daran (2022-11-23). "A new tarsophlebiid dragonfly from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, NE China (Insecta: Odonatoptera, Panodonata)". Cretaceous Research. 143: 105424. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105424. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 253875737.
  110. Zhang, J. (2007). "New mesosciophilid gnats (Insecta: Diptera: Mesosciophilidae) in the Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 297–301. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..297Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.007.
  111. Huang, D.; Lin, Q. (2007). "A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 317–321. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..317H. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.006.
  112. Zhang, J. (2007). "New Mesozoic Protopleciidae (Insecta: Diptera: Nematocera) from China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 289–296. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..289Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.009.
  113. 1 2 3 Feng, H.; Shih, C.; Ren, D.; Liu, C. (2011). "New male pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning (China)". Geologica Carpathica. 61 (6): 463–468. doi:10.2478/v10096-010-0028-x. S2CID 84767798.
  114. Zhang, H.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Wang, D.; Zhang, Y. (2007). "Some hatchet wasps (Hymenoptera, Evaniidae) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 310–316. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..310Z. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.05.003.
  115. Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Ren, Dong (2013-05-03). "Hoplitolyda duolunica gen. et sp. nov. (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Praesiricidae), the Hitherto Largest Sawfly from the Mesozoic of China". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e62420. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862420G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062420. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3643952. PMID 23671596.
  116. Enrique Peñalver; Jaime Ortega-Blanco; André Nel; Xavier Delclòs (2010). "Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 809–827. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..809P. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00257.x. S2CID 83716591.
  117. Gao, T.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Ren, D.; Shih, C. (2010). "The first Praesiricidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeast China". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 46 (1–2): 148–153. doi:10.1080/00379271.2010.10697650. S2CID 88390334.
  118. 1 2 3 4 Yang, Qiang; Wang, Yongjie; Labandeira, Conrad C.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2014-06-09). "Mesozoic lacewings from China provide phylogenetic insight into evolution of the Kalligrammatidae (Neuroptera)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 126. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-126. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4113026. PMID 24912379.
  119. Li, L.-M.; Ren, D.; Wang, Z.-H. (2007). "New Prophalangopsids from Late Mesozoic of China (Orthoptera, Prophalangopsidae, Aboilinae)". Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica. 32 (2): 412–422.
  120. Wang, Maomin; Béthoux, Olivier; Bradler, Sven; Jacques, Frédéric M. B.; Cui, Yingying; Ren, Dong (2014-03-19). Srygley, Robert B. (ed.). "Under Cover at Pre-Angiosperm Times: A Cloaked Phasmatodean Insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". PLOS ONE. 9 (3): e91290. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991290W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091290. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3960115. PMID 24646906.
  121. 1 2 3 Huang, J.; Ren, D.; Sinitshenkova, N. D.; Shih, C. (2007). "New genus and species of Hexagenitidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Yixian Formation, China". Zootaxa. 1629: 39–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.3. S2CID 85843454.
  122. 1 2 Menon, F.; Heads, S.W.; Martill, D.M. (2005). "New Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil". Cretaceous Research. 26 (6): 837–844. Bibcode:2005CrRes..26..837M. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.05.005.
  123. Li, Yuling; Chen, Jun; Wang, Bo (2019-03-01). "New Cretaceous palaeontinids (Insecta, Hemiptera) from northeast China". Cretaceous Research. 95: 130–137. Bibcode:2019CrRes..95..130L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.007. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 134455637.
  124. Ren, D.; Makarkin, V.N.; Yang, Q. (2010). "A new fossil genus of Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Zootaxa. 2523: 50–56. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2523.1.3. S2CID 73522770.
  125. Chen, Peiji; Wang, Qifei; Zhang, Haichun; Cao, Meizhen; Li, Wenben; Wu, Shunqing; Shen, Yanbin. "论义县组尖山沟层(Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning, China)" (in Chinese).
  126. Gao, Taiping; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Xu, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Ren, Dong (2014-08-27). "The first flea with fully distended abdomen from the Early Cretaceous of China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 168. doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0168-1. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4154525. PMID 25158612.
  127. Gao, Tai-ping; Shih, Chung-kun; Xu, Xing; Wang, Shuo; Ren, Dong (2012). "Mid-Mesozoic Flea-like Ectoparasites of Feathered or Haired Vertebrates". Current Biology. 22 (8): 732–735. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.012. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 22445298. S2CID 15965145.
  128. Nel, André; Delfosse, Emmanuel (2011). "A New Chinese Mesozoic Stick Insect". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 56 (2): 429–432. doi:10.4202/app.2009.1108. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 84240218.
  129. Zhang, Yanjie; Shih, Chungkun; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2020). "A new flea from the Early Cretaceous of China". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00680.2019. ISSN 0567-7920. S2CID 213622677.
  130. Zhang, X.; Ren, D.; Pang, H.; Shih, C. (2008). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702: 26–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. S2CID 83282286.
  131. Liu, Y.; Sinitshenkova, N.D.; Ren, D. (2007). "A new genus and species of stonefly (Insecta: Plecoptera) from the Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China". Cretaceous Research. 28 (2): 322–326. Bibcode:2007CrRes..28..322L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.003.
  132. Yang, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Dong, R. (2009). "An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin. 54 (10): 1732–1737. Bibcode:2009SciBu..54.1732Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-009-0284-2. S2CID 84821055.
  133. Huang, DiYing; Engel, Michael S.; Cai, ChenYang; Nel, André (2013-03-25). "Mesozoic giant fleas from northeastern China (Siphonaptera): Taxonomy and implications for palaeodiversity". Chinese Science Bulletin. 58 (14): 1682–1690. Bibcode:2013ChSBu..58.1682H. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5769-3. hdl:1808/14426. ISSN 1001-6538. S2CID 53578959.
  134. Dai, Rui; Du, Sile; Ren, Dong; Yao, Yunzhi (2022-07-31). "New Cretaceous Bugs from Northeastern China Imply the Systematic Position of Pachymeridiidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)". Insects. 13 (8): 689. doi:10.3390/insects13080689. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 9408836. PMID 36005314.
  135. Davis, S.R.; Engel, M.S.; Ren, D. (2010). "A pupal caddisfly from the Early Cretaceous of China (Trichoptera)". Cretaceous Research. 31 (4): 396–399. Bibcode:2010CrRes..31..396D. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.05.001.
  136. Wang, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, X., Zhang, W., and Ni, Q. (2006). "The biodiversity and palaeoclimate of conifer floras from the Early Cretaceous deposits in western Liaoning, northeast China." International Symposium on Cretaceous Major Geological Events and Earth System, 56A.
  137. 1 2 Wang, X.; Zheng, S. (2009). "The earliest normal flower from Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 51 (8): 800–811. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00838.x. PMID 19686377.
  138. Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Wang, H.; Chen, Z. (2011). "A eudicot from the Early Cretaceous of China". Nature. 471 (7340): 625–628. Bibcode:2011Natur.471..625S. doi:10.1038/nature09811. PMID 21455178. S2CID 205224036.
  139. Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (2004). "A new Mesozoic Ginkgo from western Liaoning, China and its evolutionary significance". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 131 (1–2): 91–103. Bibcode:2004RPaPa.131...91Z. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2004.03.002.
  140. 1 2 Sun, G.; Dilcher, D.L.; Zheng, S.; Zhou, Z. (1998). "In Search of the First Flower: A Jurassic Angiosperm, Archaefructus, from Northeast China". Science. 282 (5394): 1692–1695. doi:10.1126/science.282.5394.1692. PMID 9831557.
  141. Rydin, C.; Friis, E.M. (2010). "A new Early Cretaceous relative of Gnetales: Siphonospermum simplex gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of Northeast China". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 1–6. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-183. PMC 2900273. PMID 20565755.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.