This list of historical markers installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) in Ilocos Region is an annotated list of people, places, or events in the region that have been commemorated by cast-iron plaques issued by the said commission. The plaques themselves are permanent signs installed in publicly visible locations on buildings, monuments, or in special locations.
While many Cultural Properties have historical markers installed, not all places marked with historical markers are designated into one of the particular categories of Cultural Properties.
Delayed negotiations with the family that owns Casa Hacienda prompted the local government of Bautista to install the marker where Filipinas/Lupang Hinirang was composed to the town's plaza instead.[1]
The historical marker commemorating the centennial birth anniversary of the late dictator and president Ferdinand Marcos in Batac, Ilocos Norte, unveiled on September 11, 2017, became controversial, as the NHCP earlier opposed the late strongman's burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani.[2] Baybayin, an Ateneo de Manila student organization, issued an alternative marker online containing atrocities under the Marcos regime, as well as his burial. The said online marker became a statement against historical revisionism.[3]
This article lists one hundred three (103) markers from the Ilocos Region
Ilocos Norte
This article lists thirty-nine (39) markers from the Province of Ilocos Norte.
Marker title | English Translation | Category | Type | Description | Location | Language | Date Issued | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abolition of Tobacco Monopoly | Established in March 1782. Brought both prosperity and abuse, abolished in 1882. | Laoag Plaza, Laoag City | English | 1958 | ||||
Anastacia Giron Tupas | Distinguished Filipina nurse. Considered as the "Philippine Dean of Nursing." | Regional Health Center, Tupaz St., Laoag City | Filipino | December 18, 1985 | ||||
Antonio Luna 1866-1899[4] | Delegate of the Malolos Convention and Commander-in-Chief during the Filipino-American War. | Luna Shrine, Badoc | Filipino | October 29, 2016 | ||||
Artemio Ricarte
(1866-1945) |
Known as Vibora. Filipino general who was deported to Guam by the Americans. | Batac | Filipino | March 22, 1993 | ||||
Artemio Ricarte Vibora | Dedication to the centenary of his appointment as first Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. | Batac | English | March 24, 1997 | ||||
Bahay ni Luna | Luna House | Building | House | Declared as a national historical landmark by the NHCP. | Luna Shrine, Badoc | Filipino | September 11, 1977 |
|
Bahay Pamahalaan ng San Nicolas | San Nicolas Municipal Hall | Building | Government Center | Municipal hall that became a Japanese garrison during WWII. Renovated from 2004 to 2009. | San Nicolas Municipal Hall, San Nicolas | Filipino | December 30, 2009 | |
Bayan ng Solsona | The Town of Solsona | Site | Town Center | Solsona | January 29, 2010 | |||
Birthplace of Gregorio Aglipay | Site | Memorial | Site where Gregorio Aglipay, the founder of the Philippine Independent Church, was born. | Batac | English | 1949 | ||
Birthplace of Juan Luna y Novicio | Building | House, NHCP Museum | The birthplace of painter and patriot Juan Luna who was born here on October 24, 1857. | Badoc | Filipino, English | 1957, 1977 |
| |
Birthplace of Valentin Diaz | Birthplace of a La Liga Filipina member and the treasurer of the Katipunan. | Paoay | English | 1951 | ||||
Catholic Church of Sarrat | Building | House of Worship | Formerly named Church of San Miguel in commemoration of the arrival at Sarrat of the first missionaries on the feast of San Miguel on 29 September 1727. | Sarrat Church, Sarrat | English | 1959 | ||
Church of Laoag | Building | House of Worship | Founded in 1580 by Augustinian friars, with the first chapel built out of wood and thatch. | Laoag Church, Laoag City | English | 1950 | ||
Church of Paoay | Building | House of Worship | Founded in 1593 by Augustinian missionaries. Belltower served as lookout by the Katipuneros during the Philippine Revolution and the guerillas during the WWII. | Paoay Church, Paoay | English | May 2, 1980 | ||
Church of San Nicolas | Building | House of Worship | Founded in 1584 by Augustinian missionaries. Occupied by the Philippine Independent Church from 1900 to 1901. | San Nicolas Church, San Nicolas | English | 1952 | ||
Claro Caluya | Ilocano poet and dramatist. Founded civic and cultural organizations. | Piddig | English | May 6, 1975 |
| |||
Don Mariano Marcos y Rubio (1897 - 1945) |
Became the representative for the Second District of Ilocos Norte | Don Mariano Marcos State University, Batac | Filipino | October 24, 1983 | ||||
Enriqueta de Peralta | Ilocanda poet and local leader. One of the leaders of the women suffrage in the Philippines. | Dingras | Filipino | January 14, 1989 | ||||
Ferdinand Marcos
1917-1989 |
President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Subjected the country under Martial Law from 1972 to 1981. | Batac Plaza, Batac | Filipino | September 10, 2017[5] | ||||
General Artemio Ricarte (Vibora) | Site | Site | Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. | Batac | English | 1966 | ||
Gregoria M. Rivera de Quirino Memorial Hospital | Building | Hospital | Dingras | March 19, 1987 | ||||
Guho ng Simbahang Katoliko ng Dingras | Ruins of the Catholic Church of Dingras | Structure | Ruins | One of the biggest church ruins in the Philippines, resulted from the earthquake and fires of 1913. | Dingras | Filipino | March 19, 1987 | |
Josefa Llanes Escoda | Founder of the Philippine Girl Scouts movement. | Dingras | ||||||
Heneral Fidel V. Segundo | General Fidel V. Segundo | A Filipino general who was one of those tortured by the Japanese. | Laoag City | Filipino | December 1969[6] | |||
Juan Luna | Badoc | October 24, 2017[7] | ||||||
Juan Luna y Novicio | Foremost Filipino Painter and a contemporary of José Rizal. Won gold medal for his Spoliarium. | Badoc | English | 1957 | ||||
Kapitolyo ng Lalawigan ng Ilocos Norte | Capitol of the Province of Ilocos Norte | Built from 1917 to 1925 under the designs of Ralph Harrington Doane. Governor Roque Ablan deserted the building when the Japanese arrived. | Ilocos Norte Capitol, Laoag City | Filipino | March 2, 2018[8] | |||
Kul-labeng Historical Site
Pinili, Ilocos Norte |
Site | Site | Site where Gregorio Aglipay and his colleagues made the decision to separate from the Roman Catholic Church on May 8, 1902. | Pinili | English | November 7, 1998 | ||
Ang Parola ng Cape Bojeador | Cape Bojeador Lighthouse | Structure | Lighthouse | Design by the engineer Magin Pers y Pers, 1987. Designated as a national cultural treasure. | Cape Bojeador Lighthouse, Burgos | Filipino | September 19, 2007 | |
Ang Pinagdaungan ng USS Stingray | The Landing site of USS Stingray | Where the USS Stingray landed on a mission to find Gov. Roque Ablan to strengthen the fight against the Japanese during WWII. | Caunayan Landing Site Memorial, Sito Bimmanaaw, Caunayan Bay, Pagudpud | Filipino | 1994;[9] April 24, 2018[10] (replacement) | |||
Roque Ablan | Newspaperman, lawyer, labor leader. Governor of Ilocos Norte during the outbreak of WWII. | Laoag City | English | 1951 | ||||
Roque B. Ablan | Structure | Monument | World War II hero, established the Ablan-Madamba guerilla group. | Laoag City | Filipino | August 9, 2006 | ||
Santiago A. Fonacier y Suguitan | One of the founders of iglesia Filipina Independiente. Translated Noli me Tángere and El filibusterismo into Iloko. | Laoag City | Filipino | May 21, 1985 | ||||
Servando Castro | One of those who signed the Doctrina y Reglas Constitucionales. Representative of Ilocos Norte to the 1934 Constitutional Convention. | Batac | Filipino | December 6, 1983 | ||||
Ang Simbahan ng Badoc | The Church of Badoc | Building | House of Worship | Founded in 1591 by Augustinian friars. Became a parish by 1714. | Badoc Church, Badoc | Filipino | May 2, 1980 |
|
Tahanan ng Angkang Puruganan | House of Puruganan Clan | Building | House | Meeting place of Gregorio Puruganan and Gregorio Aglipay, where they were also captured by the Americans. | Dingras | Filipino | March 19, 1987 | |
Teofilo Yldefonso (1903-1942) |
Swimmer and soldier, known as the “Ilocano Shark” | Piddig | Filipino | September 21, 2009 | ||||
Tomas S. Fonacier | First dean of U.P. Iloilo. Became chairman of Institute of Asian Studies. | Laoag City | Filipino | July 5, 1982 |
Ilocos Sur
This article lists thirty-four (34) markers from the province of Ilocos Sur.
Marker title | English Translation | Category | Type | Description | Location | Language | Date Issued | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Base Hospital, USAFIP, NL | Where the base hospital was transferred, the biggest hospital installation in the Philippines during WWII. | Tagudin | English | 1958 | ||||
The Battle and Liberation of Cervantes | Mountain rangers were guerrilla hotspots during WWII. Was an important communication routes of the Japanese forces. | Del Pilar | English | 1959 | ||||
The Battle and Liberation of Suyo | Battle began on the morning of February 1, 1945. Became important to the Japanese as Suyo was the main copper mine of Lepanto. | Suyo | English | 1959 | ||||
The Battle of Bessang Pass | Site | Site | Commemorating the battle that hastened the surrender of the Japanese imperial forces under General Tomotuki Yamashita. | Cervantes | English | 1954 | ||
Birthplace of Father Burgos | Building | House | Commemorating the birthplace of one of the martyr priests of GomBurZa. | Burgos Ancestral House, Vigan City | English | 1939 | ||
The Bitalag Road Junction[11] | Served as an important Japanese outpost. Became an initial action for the Battle of Bessang Pass. | Bitalag, Tagudin | English | 1959 | ||||
Cathedral of Vigan | Building | House of Worship | Built in 1641, became the seat of the Diocese of Nueva Segovia. | Vigan Cathedral, Vigan City | English | 1949 | ||
Church of Narvacan | Constructed by the Augustinians in 1587. Early church destroyed by fire in 1611. | Narvacan | English | 1950 | ||||
Clemente Udarbe y Ulibas | Patriot and Katipunero. Headed the Katipunan branch from 1895 to 1898. | Magsingal | Filipino | December 10, 2004 | ||||
Elpidio R. Quirino[12] | Native of Vigan who became President of the Philippines from 1948 to 1956. | Plaza Salcedo, Vigan City | English | 1982 |
| |||
Gregoria M. Rivera de Quirino Memorial Hospital | Established 1950–1951. Dedicated to the mother of President Elpidio Quirino. | Vigan City | English | 1949 | ||||
Gregoria M. Rivera Memorial Library | Building | Library | First constructed as municipal jail in 1657. Birthplace of President Quirino. | Vigan Provincial Jail (now National Museum Vigan branch), Vigan City | English | 1949 | ||
Isabelo F. de los Reyes (1864 - 1938) | Established the Union Obrera Democratica de Filipinas, the first labor movement in the Philippines. | Florentino Ancestral House (Cafe Leona), Calle Crisologo, Vigan City | English | 1939, May 1, 2003 | ||||
Isabelo Abaya 1866-1900 |
Revolutionary hero of Candon for both the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. | Isabelo Abaya Monument, Candon Plaza, Candon | Filipino | 2014 | ||||
Ang Labanan sa Pasong Tirad | The Battle of Tirad Pass | Where Gregorio H. del pilar tried to halt American advance to capture Aguinaldo. | Tirad Pass, Cervantes | Filipino, English | 1952 | |||
Leona Florentino | Foremost Ilocano poet, subtle satirist, and playwright. Mother of Isabelo de los Reyes. | Florentino Ancestral House (Cafe Leona), Calle Crisologo, Vigan City | Filipino | April 19, 1959 |
| |||
Leon C. Pichay | Writer and poet from Vigan and associate writer of the Ilocano Times. | Burgos St., Vigan City | Filipino | July 5, 1983 | ||||
Mansion Syquia | Syquia heritage house, constructed in 1830. Declared as a heritage house. | Syquia Ancestral House, Vigan City | English, Spanish | 1950[13] (English marker), 1951 (Spanish marker) | ||||
Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang (1723 - 1763) |
First woman in the Philippines to lead a revolt. Assumed leadership of Diego Silang's revolt after his assassination. | Santa | English | 1963 | ||||
Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang (1723 - 1763) |
First woman in the Philippines to lead a revolt. Assumed leadership of Diego Silang's revolt after his assassination. | Ilocos Sur Capitol, Vigan | English | 1963 | ||||
Memorare | Where Gen. Gregorio del Pilar was shot and killed by the Americans. | Cervantes | Filipino | December 2, 1999 | ||||
Memorare | Site | Site | Commemorating the Battle of Tirad Pass. | Del Pilar | Filipino | 2000 | ||
Mena Crisologo | One of those that signed the Malolos Constitution, became the first governor of Ilocos Sur in 1901. | Burgos St., Vigan City | Filipino | July 5, 1983 | ||||
Pasong Diego-Gabriela Silang | Diego-Gabriela Silang Pass | Structure | Road | Used by the revolts of Andres Malong and Diego and Gabriela Silang. Built by the Franciscans in 1600. Formerly known as Pideg. | Santa | Filipino | 1976 | |
Pedro Bukaneg[14] | Bantay | |||||||
Pedro Bukaneg | Father of Ilocano literature and translator of Latin and Spanish works into Ilocano. | Burgos St., Vigan City | Filipino | July 5, 1983 | ||||
San Esteban Landing | Landing of the USS Gar on November 23, 1944, within Santiago Cove. | San Esteban | English | 1982; washed away by a typhoon in 2001,[15] replaced after[16] | ||||
Seat of the Diocese of Nueva Segovia | Founded in Lal-lo, Cagayan on August 14, 1595, with Fr. Miguel de Benavides as first bishop. Moved to Vigan in 1758. | Archbishop Palace of Nueva Segovia (Arzobispado), Vigan City | English | 1949 | ||||
Simbahan ng Candon | Church of Candon | Building | House of Worship | Established by Augustinians in 1591. Structure first built in 1695. | Candon Plaza, Candon | Filipino | 2016 | |
Simbahan ng Piddig | Church of Piddig | Became a temporary fort of the Filipino troops during the Philippine-American War. | Church of Piddig façade, Piddig | Filipino | July 25, 2019 | |||
Simbahan ng Sta. Maria | Sta. Maria Church | Building | House of Worship | Originally built by Augustinians as the Chapel of Narvacan. Became a parish in 1769. | Sta. Maria | Filipino | September 26, 1982 | |
Simbahan ng Sta. Maria | Sta. Maria Church | Building | House of Worship | Church declared by the NHCP as a National Historical Landmark. | Sta. Maria | Filipino | 1970s | |
Sigaw ng Candon | Cry of Candon | Katipunan victory over the Spaniards in Candon under the leadership of Isabelo Abaya. | Candon Plaza, Candon | Filipino | 2016 | |||
Site of the Diocese of Nueva Segovia | Building | House | Founded in Lal-lo, Cagayan on August 14, 1595, moved to Vigan in 1758. | Archbishop Palace of Nueva Segovia (Arzobispado), Vigan City | English | 1949 | ||
Syquia Mansion | Building | House | Declared as a heritage house by the NHCP. | Syquia Ancestral House, Vigan City | English | February 2, 2002 |
La Union
This article lists twelve (12) markers from the Province of La Union.
Marker title | English Translation | Category | Type | Description | Location | Language | Date Issued | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacsil Ridge | Taken over by liberation forces on March 21, 1945. San Fernando City was liberated three days later. | Ortega Highway, San Fernando City | English | 1958 | ||||
Basilica of Our Lady of Charity | Parish church of La Union's oldest town. Founded in 1578 by Franciscans Frs. juan Bautista Lucarelli and Sebastian de Baeza. | Agoo Basilica, Agoo | English | 1982 |
| |||
The Battle of San Fernando | Crucial battle of allied forces against the Japanese. Battle began on January 4, 1945. | San Fernando Plaza, San Fernando City | English | 1959 | ||||
Caba | Established on June 24, 1598, under Augustinians. Town where Diego Silang was born. | Caba Town Plaza, Caba | Filipino | June 24, 1979 | ||||
Camilo Osias | Writer, editor, and statistician. President of National University from 1921 to 1934. | Balaoan | Filipino | March 17, 1898 | ||||
Camp Spencer | Named on honor of Private Grafton Spencer, AUS. Darigayos Cove was a scene of American submarine landings during WWII. | Darigayos, Luna | English | 1958 | ||||
Church of San Fernando, La Union | Building | House of Worship | Chapel made of stone and thatch erected 1764. Moved to present site by 1773. | San Fernando City | English | 1949 | ||
Diego Silang
(1730-1763) |
Born in this town on December 16, 1730, started a revolt against the Spaniards. | Diego Silang Monument, Caba Town Plaza, Caba | English | 1963 | ||||
Elpidio Quirino
(1890-1958) |
Former president of the Philippines. First worked as a teacher in the barrio of Capari-an. | MacArthur Highway, Caba | Filipino | November 16, 1983 | ||||
Manuel E. Arguilla
1911-1944 |
Multi-awarded writer and poet during the Commonwealth era. Born on June 17, 1911. | Arguilla Ancestral House, Nabrebcan, Bauang | Filipino | August 25, 1983 |
| |||
Ang Parola ng Poro Point | Poro Point Lighthouse | Structure | Lighthouse | First built in 1885. | San Fernando City | Filipino | January 28, 2008 | |
Pitugan | Where Manuel Roxas while escaping from the Japanese contacted the American Liberation Forces. | Pitugan, Tubao | Filipino | 1958 |
Pangasinan
This article lists eighteen (18) markers from the Province of Pangasinan.
Marker title | English translation | Category | Type | Description | Location | Language | Date issued | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bani | Formerly founded as a visita of Bolinao on March 6, 1979. The town had 13 martyrs during the Spanish regime. | Bani | Filipino | March 17, 1979 | ||||
Casa Real ng Lingayen | Casa Real of Lingayen | Buildings/
Structures |
Government Center | Served as the capitol of Pangasinan until 1918. | Lingayen | Filipino | June 21, 2021 | |
Church of Dagupan | Building | House of worship | Established by the Augustinian friars. Damaged because of the revolt by Andres Malong. | At the façade of the old St. John Cathedral, Dagupan | English | 1939 | ||
Church of Nuestra Señora de Manaoag | Building | House of Worship | Admiministered by the Dominicans since 1605. Our Lady of Manaoag crowned on Aorul 21, 1926. | Manaoag Church façade, Manaoag | English | 1937 | ||
Colegio de San Alberto Magno | College of San Alberto Magno | Site of the school constructed by the Dominicans in 1892. Closed because of the damages from the earthquake of 1935. | Dagupan (currently in NHCP storage) | English | 1939 | |||
Daniel Maramba | Became part of the Katipunan, governor of Pangasinan, and senator. | Sta. Barbara | Filipino | July 24, 1970 |
| |||
Eugenio Perez y Padlan
(1896-1957) |
Known lawyer and statesman. Co-founder of the Liberal Party. Became the first speaker of the First Congress of the Philippines. | Barrio Basista, San Carlos City | Filipino | November 13, 1996 | ||||
Juan Cabreros Laya | Writer and educator. Served as branch director of the schools in Bataan. | San Manuel | Filipino | July 12, 1982 | ||||
Lingayen Beach | Site | Beach | Where General Lloyd Wheaton landed his troops on November 7, 1899, to cut off the retreat of General Emilio Aguinaldo. | Lingayen Beach, Pangasinan Provincial Capitol Grounds, Lingayen | English | 1948 |
| |
Luklukan ng Pamahalaang Panghimagsikan ng Pilipinas, Bayambang Pangasinan | Seat of the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines, Bayambang, Pangasinan | Became center of the government by Aguinaldo on November 12, 1899 | Bayambang Municipal Hall, Bayambang | Filipino | November 12, 1999 | |||
Lungsod ng San Carlos | City of San Carlos | First town in Pangasinan, named after King Charles of Spain. | Parish Church, St. Dominic Plaza, San Carlos City | Filipino | September 25, 1988 |
| ||
Luzon Landing | Site/Events | Site | Site where General McArthur returned to the Philippines to liberate the commonwealth from the Japanese. | Blue Beach Site, Ceralde St., Dagupan | English | 1949, 1961 |
| |
Paaralang Sentral ng Lingayen I | Lingayen Central School I | Was spared from the bombings of the forces of Gen. Douglas MacArthur. Where Fidel Ramos spent his elementary schooling. | Lingayen | Filipino | August 22, 1992 | |||
Ang Paglunsad (1945) | Where Carlos P. Romulo landed in Lingayen in a mission, under McArthur, to liberate the Philippines. | Lingayen Beach, Pangasinan Provincial Capitol Grounds, Lingayen | Filipino |
| ||||
Pook Kung Saan Sinulat ang "Filipinas", Liriko ng Pambansang Awit Bautista, Pangasinan[17] |
Site Where "Filipinas", Lyrics to the National Anthem, was Written Bautista, Pangasinan |
Where the lyrics of the national anthem was written | Town Plaza, Bautista | Filipino | December 11, 2017 | |||
Ramos House Lingayen, Pangasinan |
Building | House | Site of ancestral house of the Ramoses, including Fidel Ramos and Leticia Ramos Shahani. | Presidential Hotel, Lingayen | Filipino, English | August 22, 1993 | ||
Ramos House Lingayen, Pangasinan |
Building | House | Site of ancestral house of the Ramoses. House destroyed during WWII, reconstructed in 1995. | Ramos Ancestral House, Lingayen | English | 1995 | ||
Simbahan ng San Carlos | San Carlos City Church | Building | House of worship | The construction of a brick church was initiated in 1770. At one point, became the largest church in the Philippines. | Sto. Domingo Church, San Carlos City | Filipino | August 8, 1989 |
See also
References
Footnotes
- ↑ "Bautista town set to unveil marker as home of "Lupang Hinirang" – Sunday Punch". punch.dagupan.com. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
- ↑ Cigaral, Ian Nicolas. "Historical revisionism legitimized? NHCP issues marker for Marcos monument". philstar.com. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
- ↑ "Ateneo group puts forward own version of Marcos marker". philstar.com. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
- ↑ "150th birth anniversary of Gen. Antonio Luna to be commemorated - National Historical Commission of the Philippines". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2016-10-28. Retrieved 2016-10-29.
- ↑ "Marcos' biographical marker installed in Batac". The Manila Times. 10 September 2017.
- ↑ National Historical Commission Annual Report 1968-1969. National Historical Commission. 1969.
- ↑ "160th Birth Anniversary of Juan Luna to be observed - National Historical Commission of the Philippines". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. 2017-10-22. Retrieved 2017-11-03.
- ↑ "NHCP unveils marker commemorating Ilocos Norte Capitol". Retrieved 2018-03-09.
- ↑ "Caunayan Landing Site is an important Pagudpud local tourist attraction". Retrieved 2018-04-30.
- ↑ "Pvao Fseo Batac". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
- ↑ https://foursquare.com/v/bitalag-public-market/4da16508bf22a14352119bf8/photos Photos at Bitalag Public Market
- ↑ "Vigan City Official Website". www.vigancity.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 2013-12-15.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ National Historical Institute Annual Report 1971-1972. National Historical Institute. 1972.
- ↑ "marker of San Esteban landing 1944". Flickr. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
- ↑ "Apatot Beach Resort San Esteban Ilocos Sur, Brgy Apatot, San Esteban 2018". www.glotels.com. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
- ↑ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697280/the-home-of-lupang-hinirang The home of ‘Lupang Hinirang’
Bibliography
- National Historical Institute (1993). Historical Markers: Regions I-IV and CAR. National Historical Institute.
- National Historical Institute (2008). Historical Markers (1992 - 2006). National Historical Institute.
- A list of sites and structures with historical markers, as of 16 January 2012
- A list of institutions with historical markers, as of 16 January 2012