List of U.S. communities where English is not the majority language spoken at home

Percentage of Americans aged 5+ speaking English at home in each Public Usage Microdata Area (PUMA) of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico according to the 2016 - 2021 five-year American Community Survey

The following is a list of communities in the United States where the English language is not the majority language spoken at home according to data from the 2000 Census.

The list contains 151 communities in 12 states, involving the indigenous languages Yupʼik, Iñupiaq, Navajo, Apache, Hopi, Havasupai–Hualapai, Pima, Maliseet-Passamaquoddy, Choctaw, Crow, and Keres, as well as the Indo-European languages Russian, Spanish, French, and Yiddish; and the Austronesian language Tagalog. Spanish is spoken in the most communities where English is not the majority language spoken at home, Navajo is the most spoken indigenous language out of listed communities. Arizona is the most diverse state regarding this field, with 6 other languages being the most spoken. There are 6 states with only 1 language listed, 4 of these relating to the Spanish language, 1 relating to the Choctaw language, and 1 relating to the Crow language.

Alaska

Community	Population	Community type	Borough/Census Area	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Akutan	1,589	City	Aleutians East Borough	Tagalog	42.98%	36.36%	^[1]
Aleneva	35	CDP	Kodiak Island	Russian	100.00%	0.00%	^[1]
Fox River	489	CDP	Kenai Peninsula	Russian	87.73%	12.27%	^[1]
Hooper Bay	1,375	City	Kusilvak	Yupʼik	76.06%	23.94%	^[2]
Newtok	354	Village	Bethel Census Area	Yupʼik	86.89%	13.11%	^[1]
Nikolaevsk	344	CDP	Kenai Peninsula	Russian	66.57%	33.43%	^[1]
Wainwright	628	City	North Slope	Iñupiaq	65.52%	32.45%	^[3]

Arizona

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Bitter Springs	355	CDP	Coconino	Navajo	72.97%	27.03%	^[2]
Cameron	734	CDP	Coconino	Navajo	69.49%	30.51%	^[4]
Canyon Day	955	CDP	Gila	Apache	62.30%	37.70%	^[2]
Chilchinbito	440	CDP	Navajo	Navajo	89.77%	10.23%	^[2]
Chinle	4,573	CDP	Apache	Navajo	71.93%	28.07%	^[2]
Cibecue	980	CDP	Navajo	Apache	87.24%	12.76%	^[2]
Dennehotso	587	CDP	Apache	Navajo	96.40%	3.60%	^[2]
Dilkon	1,169	CDP	Navajo	Navajo	71.34%	28.66%	^[2]
Douglas	12,870	City	Cochise	Spanish	79.53%	20.47%	^[2]
East Fork	834	CDP	Navajo	Apache	87.41%	12.59%	^[2]
El Mirage	6,500	City	Maricopa	Spanish	58.69%	41.31%	^[2]
Eloy	9,275	City	Pinal	Spanish	63.13%	35.69%	^[2]
Fort Defiance	3,635	CDP	Apache	Navajo	54.61%	45.39%	^[2]
Gadsden	845	CDP	Yuma	Spanish	94.67%	5.33%	^[2]
Ganado	883	CDP	Apache	Navajo	55.21%	44.79%	^[5]
Gila Bend	1,740	Town	Maricopa	Spanish	51.15%	45.40%	^[2]
Greasewood	484	CDP	Navajo	Navajo	87.60%	12.40%	^[2]
Guadalupe	4,635	Town	Maricopa	Spanish	88.35%	10.46%	^[2]
Hotevilla-Bacavi	680	CDP	Navajo	Hopi	79.41%	20.59%	^[2]
Hayden	829	Town	Gila	Spanish	68.64%	31.36%	^[2]
Jeddito	293	CDP	Navajo	Navajo	72.12%	27.88%	^[2]
Leupp	870	CDP	Coconino	Navajo	63.79%	36.21%	^[2]
Mammoth	1,635	Town	Pinal	Spanish	56.88%	43.12%	^[2]
Naco	780	CDP	Cochise	Spanish	83.33%	16.67%	^[2]
Nogales	20,103	City	Santa Cruz	Spanish	93.08%	6.92%	^[2]
Peach Springs	708	CDP	Mohave	Havasupai–Hualapai	59.74%	38.14%	^[2]
Pinon	884	CDP	Navajo	Navajo	70.59%	29.41%	^[2]
Pisinemo	179	CDP	Pima	Pima	86.03%	13.97%	^[2]
Poston	384	CDP	La Paz	Spanish	80.47%	19.53%	^[2]
Rio Rico Northeast	2,630	CDP	Santa Cruz	Spanish	65.78%	34.22%	^[2]
Rio Rico Northwest	2,580	CDP	Santa Cruz	Spanish	88.76%	11.24%	^[2]
Rio Rico Southeast	1,610	CDP	Santa Cruz	Spanish	86.34%	13.66%	^[2]
Rio Rico Southwest	2,355	CDP	Santa Cruz	Spanish	85.99%	14.01%	^[2]
San Luis	13,910	City	Yuma	Spanish	82.60%	17.40%	^[2]
Santa Rosa	395	CDP	Pima	Pima	67.09%	32.91%	^[2]
Somerton	6,535	City	Yuma	Spanish	91.05%	8.95%	^[2]
South Tucson	4,900	City	Pima	Spanish	78.67%	19.90%	^[2]
Tolleson	4,550	City	Maricopa	Spanish	63.85%	36.15%	^[2]
Tuba City	8,072	CDP	Coconino	Navajo	59.20%	38.51%	^[2]
Window Rock	2,628	City	Apache	Navajo	57.00%	43.00%	^[2]
Winkelman	423	Town	Gila	Spanish	50.35%	49.65%	^[2]

California

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Brawley	26,076	Town	Imperial	Spanish	66.28%	33.39%	^[6]
Calexico	39,946	Town	Imperial	Spanish	92.67%	5.89%	^[6]
El Centro	44,003	Town	Imperial	Spanish	69.26%	28.63%	^[6]
Heber	3,604	Town	Imperial	Spanish	91.40%	8.60%	^[7]
Indio	89,469	Town	Riverside	Spanish	63.52%	36.02%	^[8]
National City	61,121	Town	San Diego	Spanish	53.38%	30.09%	^[6]
Piru	1,015	Town	Ventura	Spanish	58.13%	41.87%	^[9]
Pomona	134,401	Town	Los Angeles	Spanish	55.47%	37.51%	^[10]
San Ardo	543	Town	Monterey	Spanish	63.00%	37.00%	^[11]
Santa Fe Springs	16,114	Town	Los Angeles	Spanish	51.63%	46.08%	^[11]
Shafter	11,180	Town	Kern	Spanish	58.18%	41.82%	^[11]

Florida

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Coral Gables	39,475	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	51.06%	43.83%	^[12]
Doral	17,925	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	74.50%	16.15%	^[12]
Hialeah	234,539	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	92.15%	7.38%	^[12]
Homestead	68,438	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	51.10%	43.22%	^[13]
Kendall	75,371	CDP	Miami-Dade	Spanish	52.47%	40.39%	^[14]
Miami	442,241	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	66.76%	25.46%	^[12]
Miami Beach	84,113	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	54.90%	32.76%	^[14]
Miami Gardens	2,280	City	Miami-Dade	Spanish	51.10%	45.18%	^[14]
Tamiami	51,339	CDP	Miami-Dade	Spanish	92.40%	6.99%	^[15]

Maine

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Cyr	78	Plantation	Aroostook	French	58.33%	41.67%	^[16]
Fort Kent	4,067	Town	Aroostook	French	63.24%	36.76%	^[2]
Fort Kent (CDP)	2,413	CDP	Aroostook	French	60.66%	39.34%	^[2]
Frenchville	1,052	Town	Aroostook	French	79.65%	20.35%	^[2]
Grand Isle	366	Town	Aroostook	French	76.72%	23.28%	^[17]
Hamlin	166	Town	Aroostook	French	55.56%	44.44%	^[18]
Madawaska	3,867	Town	Aroostook	French	83.41%	16.59%	^[2]
Madawaska (CDP)	2,797	CDP	Aroostook	French	83.54%	16.46%	^[2]
Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point	692	Indian Reservation	Washington	Maliseet-Passamaquoddy	60.03%	39.27%	^[2]
St. Agatha	730	Town	Aroostook	French	80.62%	19.38%	^[2]
St. Francis	438	Town	Aroostook	French	61.06%	38.94%	^[2]
Van Buren	2,038	Town	Aroostook	French	77.15%	22.85%	^[19]
Van Buren (CDP)	1,809	CDP	Aroostook	French	77.15%	22.85%	^[19]
Wallagrass	519	Town	Aroostook	French	64.41%	35.59%	^[2]

Massachusetts

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Chelsea	40,787	City	Suffolk	Spanish	44.48%	42.31%	^[20]
Lawrence	89,143	City	Essex	Spanish	55.83%	36.02%	^[21]

Mississippi

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Bogue Chitto	437	CDP	Neshoba/Kemper	Choctaw	100%	0.0%	^[2]
Conehatta	1,376	CDP	Newton	Choctaw	54.07%	45.93%	^[2]
Pearl River	3,822	CDP	Neshoba	Choctaw	54.64%	45.36%	^[2]
Redwater	683	CDP	Leake	Choctaw	53.13%	46.88%	^[2]
Standing Pine	517	CDP	Leake	Choctaw	52.94%	47.06%	^[2]
Tucker	642	CDP	Neshoba	Choctaw	93.33%	6.67%	^[2]

Montana

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Crow Agency	1,657	Census-designated place	Big Horn	Crow	58.33%	44.87%	^[2]

New Jersey

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Guttenberg	9,420	Town	Hudson	Spanish	54.56%	34.02%	^[2]
Perth Amboy	43,156	City	Middlesex	Spanish	65.76%	27.86%	^[2]
Elizabeth	110,592	City	Union	Spanish	49.60%	32.73%	^[2]
Union City	68,589	City	Hudson	Spanish	80.9%	13.7%	^[22]^[23]
West New York	52,912	Town	Hudson	Spanish	79.18%	15.60%	^[22]^[24]

New Mexico

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Alamo	1,150	CDP	Socorro	Navajo	85.53%	14.47%	^[25]
Bayard	2,365	City	Grant	Spanish	67.23%	32.77%	^[2]
Beclabito	275	CDP	San Juan	Navajo	80.00%	20.00%	^[2]
Brimhall Nizhoni	286	CDP	McKinley	Navajo	75.00%	25.00%	^[2]
Chama	1,245	CDP	Rio Arriba	Spanish	62.65%	37.35%	^[2]
Chilili	40	CDP	Bernalillo	Spanish	100.00%	00.00%	^[2]
Church Rock	1,542	CDP	McKinley	Navajo	63.31%	36.69%	^[2]
Crownpoint	2,900	CDP	McKinley	Navajo	64.33%	35.67%	^[2]
Deming	14,855	Town	Luna	Spanish	55.59%	44.41%	^[2]
Doña Ana	1,395	CDP	Doña Ana	Spanish	74.19%	25.81%	^[2]
Lordsburg	2,797	Town	Hidalgo	Spanish	56.17%	43.83%	^[2]
Mesquite	875	CDP	Doña Ana	Spanish	96.57%	3.43%	^[2]
North Acomita Village	219	CDP	Cibola	Keres	63.47%	36.53%	^[2]
Torreon	120	CDP	Sandoval	Navajo	100.00%	00.00%	^[2]

New York

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Haverstraw	9,035	Town	Rockland	Spanish	57.11%	41.78%	^[2]
Kaser	4,724	Village	Rockland	Yiddish	77.46%	12.01%	^[2]
Kiryas Joel	32,954	Village	Orange	Yiddish	89.87%	6.17%	^[2]
New Square	9,679	Village	Rockland	Yiddish	87.27%	7.68%	^[2]

Rhode Island

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Central Falls	17,145	City	Providence	Spanish	47.77%	35.84%	^[26]

Texas

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Alice	17,170	City	Jim Wells	Spanish	65.96%	33.87%	^[2]
Balmorhea	495	City	Reeves	Spanish	79.80%	20.20%	^[2]
Barstow	429	City	Ward	Spanish	75.52%	24.48%	^[2]
Benavides	1,555	City	Duval	Spanish	84.89%	15.11%	^[2]
Brackettville	1,720	City	Kinney	Spanish	71.51%	28.49%	^[2]
Brownsville	186,738	City	Cameron	Spanish	86.82%	12.81%	^[27]
Canutillo	6,321	CDP	El Paso	Spanish	89.87%	10.13%	^[2]
Carrizo Springs	5,070	City	Dimmit	Spanish	77.42%	22.58%	^[2]
Cienegas Terrace	3,025	CDP	Val Verde	Spanish	90.51%	9.49%	^[2]
Cockrell Hill	3,945	City	Dallas	Spanish	78.07%	21.93%	^[2]
Cotulla	3,265	City	La Salle	Spanish	77.79%	22.21%	^[2]
Coyote Acres	355	CDP	Jim Wells	Spanish	61.97%	38.03%	^[2]
Del Rio	34,673	City	Val Verde	Spanish	74.07%	25.61%	^[28]
Eagle Pass	20,660	City	Maverick	Spanish	91.17%	8.62%	^[29]
El Paso	678,815	City	El Paso	Spanish	69.06%	28.71%	^[29]
Elm Creek	1,600	CDP	Maverick	Spanish	94.06%	5.94%	^[2]
Falfurrias	4,740	City	Brooks	Spanish	79.01%	20.99%	^[2]
Fort Davis	990	CDP	Jeff Davis	Spanish	54.04%	45.96%	^[2]
Fort Hancock	1,052	CDP	Hudspeth	Spanish	91.93%	8.07%	^[2]
Fort Stockton	1,052	City	Pecos	Spanish	59.68%	40.32%	^[2]
Harlingen	52,050	City	Cameron	Spanish	80.94%	19.06%	^[2]
Hebbronville	4,170	CDP	Jim Hogg	Spanish	64.59%	34.77%	^[2]
Hondo	7,365	City	Medina	Spanish	51.73%	47.45%	^[2]
Kingsville	25,487	City	Kleberg	Spanish	55.10%	43.99%	^[2]
La Pryor	1,360	CDP	Zavala	Spanish	79.04%	20.96%	^[2]
Laredo	157,944	City	Webb	Spanish	91.57%	8.18%	^[2]
Marfa	2,035	City	Presidio	Spanish	68.06%	31.45%	^[2]
McAllen	96,212	City	Hidalgo	Spanish	74.63%	24.05%	^[2]
Mercedes	12,480	City	Hidalgo	Spanish	81.49%	18.51%	^[2]
Ozona	3,195	City	Crockett	Spanish	53.99%	45.38%	^[2]
Pearsall	6,530	City	Frio	Spanish	73.12%	26.88%	^[2]
Quemado	195	CDP	Maverick	Spanish	100.00%	0.00%	^[2]
Rancho Banquete	424	CDP	Nueces	Spanish	79.65%	20.35%	^[2]
Rio Grande City	825	City	Starr	Spanish	86.37%	12.77%	^[2]
Rocksprings	1,189	City	Edwards	Spanish	67.20%	32.80%	^[2]
Sanderson	10,965	CDP	Terrell	Spanish	55.76%	44.24%	^[2]
San Perlita	690	City	Willacy	Spanish	78.99%	21.01%	^[2]
Terlingua	110	CDP	Brewster	Spanish	62.30%	37.70%	^[2]
Uvalde	13,640	City	Uvalde	Spanish	68.77%	30.90%	^[2]
Van Horn	2,170	CDP	Culberson	Spanish	77.65%	23.35%	^[2]
Zapata	4,500	CDP	Zapata	Spanish	83.22%	16.78%	^[2]

Utah

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Aneth	427	CDP	San Juan	Navajo	84.16%	15.84%	^[2]
Halchita	273	CDP	San Juan	Navajo	81.82%	18.18%	^[2]
Tselakai Dezza	95	CDP	San Juan	Navajo	100%	0.0%	^[2]
White Mesa	178	CDP	San Juan	Colorado River Numic	50.59%	43.48%	^[2]

Washington

Community	Population	Community type	County	Largest language spoken at home	Percentage of largest language spoken at home	Percentage of homes where English was spoken	Source
Toppenish	7,790	City	Yakama	Spanish	63.54%	36.46%	^[2]

References

1 2 3 4 5 "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
1 2 3 4 "Data Center Results".
↑ "Data Center Results".
↑ "Data Center Results".
↑ "Data Center Results".
↑ "Data Center Results".
1 2 3 "Modern Language Association (MLA): Format, Bibliography, Style, Convention".
1 2 3 4 "Data Center Results".
↑ "Data Center Results".
1 2 3 "Data Center Results".
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
1 2 "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
↑ "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org. Retrieved 2023-04-13.
1 2 Astudillo, Carla. "The 41 N.J. towns where English is not the dominant language", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 10, 2017. Accessed February 19, 2018. "Nearly a third of New Jersey residents over the age of five speak a language other than English at home, according to newly released Census data.... New Jersey is home to 41 towns where English is not the dominant language for the majority of the population. Towns like Union City and West New York are primarily dominated by Spanish speakers, while Korean is the language spoken by more than half of residents in Palisades Park and Englewood Cliffs."
↑ S1601 Language Spoken At Home from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Union City city, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-13 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 19, 2018.
↑ S1601 Language Spoken At Home from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for West New York town, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-13 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 19, 2018.
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1 2 "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.

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[Data_Center_Results-1] 1 2 3 4 5 "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.

[mla.org-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.

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[4] "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org.

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[apps.mla.org-6] 1 2 3 4 "Data Center Results".

[7] "Data Center Results".

[8] "Data Center Results".

[9] "Data Center Results".

[10] "Data Center Results".

[ReferenceA-11] 1 2 3 "Modern Language Association (MLA): Format, Bibliography, Style, Convention".

[ReferenceB-12] 1 2 3 4 "Data Center Results".

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[21] "Data Center Results". apps.mla.org. Retrieved 2023-04-13.

[NJ41Towns-22] 1 2 Astudillo, Carla. "The 41 N.J. towns where English is not the dominant language", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 10, 2017. Accessed February 19, 2018. "Nearly a third of New Jersey residents over the age of five speak a language other than English at home, according to newly released Census data.... New Jersey is home to 41 towns where English is not the dominant language for the majority of the population. Towns like Union City and West New York are primarily dominated by Spanish speakers, while Korean is the language spoken by more than half of residents in Palisades Park and Englewood Cliffs."

[23] S1601 Language Spoken At Home from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Union City city, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-13 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 19, 2018.

[24] S1601 Language Spoken At Home from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for West New York town, New Jersey Archived 2020-02-13 at archive.today, United States Census Bureau. Accessed February 19, 2018.

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