Ranunculus is a genus of about 1,700 species of plants in the Ranunculaceae.^[1] Members of the genus include the buttercups, spearworts and water crowfoots.

Selected species

A

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus abaensis W. T. Wang 1987 = R. indivisus var. abaensis[2]
Ranunculus abchasicus Freyn ex Sommier & Levier 1893[3][4]
Ranunculus abnormis Cutanda & Willk. 1859		Iberian Peninsula
Ranunculus abortivus L. 1753 var. abortivus var. australis Brandegee 1894 ssp. acrolasius (Fernald) Kapoor & Löve = R. abortivus var. acrolasius Fernald = R. abortivus var. eucyclus Fernald = R. abortivus var. indivisus Fernald = R. abortivus var. harveyi A. Gray = R. harveyi[5]	Little-leaf buttercup Small-flower crowfoot Kidney-leaf buttercup Small-flowered buttercup	North America
Ranunculus acaulis DC. 1817[6]	Dune buttercup Sand buttercup Shore buttercup	New Zealand
Ranunculus acer auct. = Ranunculus acris
Ranunculus acetosellifolius Boiss. 1838		Southwestern Europe
Ranunculus aconitifolius L. 1753	Aconite-leaf buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus acraeus Heenan & P.J.Lockh. 2006		New Zealand
Ranunculus acriformis A.Gray 1886[7]	Sharpleaf buttercup	North America
var. acriformis	Sharpleaf buttercup	USA (Colorado, Wyoming)
var. aestivalis L.D.Benson 1948[8]	Autumn buttercup[9] Autumn sharp buttercup Autumn-fir buttercup Fall buttercup	USA (Utah[10])
var. montanensis (Rydb.) L.D.Benson	Mountain sharp buttercup	USA (Idaho, Montana, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)
Ranunculus acris L. 1753 var. acris var. frigidus Regel	Common buttercup Meadow buttercup Tall buttercup	Temperate Eurasia
var. aestivalis (L. D. Benson) S. L. Welsh = R. acriformis var. aestivalis[8][9] ssp. borealis (Trautv.) Nyman 1878 = R. borealis ssp. glabriusculus (Rupr.) Löve 1976 = R. glabriusculus ssp. japonicus (Thunb.) Hultén = R. japonicus var. japonicus (Thunb.) Maxim. = R. japonicus var. latisectus Beck = R. acris var. monticola (Kitag.) Tamura = R. paishanensis
Ranunculus acutidentatus Rupr. = Ranunculus acutilobus
Ranunculus acutilobus Ledeb. 1753
Ranunculus adoneus A.Gray 1863 var. adoneus var. alpinus (S.Watson) L.D.Benson 1941 ssp. huetii P.H.Davis	Alpine buttercup	North America (Rocky Mountains)
Ranunculus adoxifolius Hand.-Mazz. 1939
Ranunculus aduncus Gren. 1847
Ranunculus aestivalis (L.D.Benson) Van Buren & K.T.Harper 1994 = R. acriformis var. aestivalis[8][9]
Ranunculus ageri Bertol. 1819
Ranunculus albertii Regel & Schmalh. 1877
Ranunculus alismellus (A. Gray) Greene 1892 = R. alismifolius var. alismellus
Ranunculus alismifolius Geyer ex Benth. 1849 var. alismellus A. Gray 1868 var. alismifolius var. davisii L. D. Benson 1948 var. hartwegii (Greene) Jeps. 1922 var. lemmonii (A. Gray) L. D. Benson 1936 var. montanus S. Watson 1871	Plantainleaf buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton 1895	Allegheny Mountain buttercup	Eastern North America
Ranunculus allenii B.L.Rob. 1905	Allen's buttercup	Northern Canada
Ranunculus alpestris L. 1753	Alpine buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus ambigens S.Watson 1878	Waterplantain spearwort	Eastern North America
Ranunculus amphitrichus Colenso 1885	Small river buttercup	Southeastern Australia
Ranunculus amplexicaulis L.	Clasping-leaf buttercup	Iberian Peninsula[11]
Ranunculus amplus N.G.Walsh & B.G.Briggs 2003 [12]	Lacey River buttercup	Victoria, Australia
Ranunculus andersonii A. Gray 1868 var. andersonii var. juniperinus (Jones) S.L.Welsh 1986 var. tenellus S.Watson 1871	Anderson's buttercup	Western United States
Ranunculus anemoneus F.Muell. 1855	Anemone buttercup[13]	Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
Ranunculus anemonifolius auct. = Ranunculus elegans
Ranunculus aquatilis L. 1753 var. aquatilis var. arcticus Durand 1856 var. diffusus With. 1796	Common water-crowfoot White water-crowfoot	Europe Africa North America
Ranunculus arizonicus Lemmon ex A. Gray 1886 var. arizonicus var. subsagittatus A. Gray 1886 var. subaffinis A. Gray 1886  = R. inamoenus var. subaffinis	Arizona buttercup	Southwestern United States Mexico
Ranunculus arvensis L. 1753 var. arvensis var. tuberculatus DC. var. echinatissimus (Blatt.) Qureshi & Chaudhri 1988 = R. arvensis	Corn buttercup Devil-on-all-sides Scratch bur	Europe
Ranunculus asiaticus L. 1753	Persian buttercup Persian crowfoot Asian buttercup	Eastern Mediterranean Basin
Ranunculus auricomus L. 1753	Goldilocks buttercup Greenland buttercup	Northern Eurasia Greenland
Ranunculus austro-oreganus L. D. Benson 1954	Southern Oregon buttercup	USA (southern Oregon)

B

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus barceloi Grau (1984)
Ranunculus baudotii
Ranunculus bilobus Bertol.
Ranunculus biternatus Sm.	Antarctic buttercup	Patagonia Subantarctic islands
Ranunculus bonariensis Poir. 1804	Carter's buttercup	Chile, Argentina Central California
Ranunculus borealis Trautv. 1860
Ranunculus bulbosus L.	St Anthony's turnip Bulbous buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus bullatus	Autumn buttercup	Mediterranean region
Ranunculus bupleuroides		Iberian Peninsula

C

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus californicus Benth.	California buttercup	California
Ranunculus canus Benth.	Sacramento Valley buttercup	California
Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook.	Heartleaf buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus carinthiacus	Carinthian buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus cassubicifolius		Europe
Ranunculus cassubicus	Kashubian buttercup	Eastern Europe
Ranunculus caucasicus
Ranunculus circinatus	Fan-leaved water-crowfoot	Europe
Ranunculus clivicola B.G.Briggs		Alpine regions of southeastern Australia
Ranunculus coloradensis (L. Benson) L. Benson
Ranunculus cordiger Viviani
Ranunculus cortusifolius Willd.	Azores buttercup
Ranunculus crassipes	Subantarctic buttercup	Subantarctic region

E

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus elegans C. Koch 1841
Ranunculus eschscholtzii Schltdl. 1820 var. eschscholtzii var. eximius (Greene) L.D.Benson var. helleri (Rydb.) L.D. Benson var. oxynotus (A. Gray) Jeps. var. suksdorfii (A. Gray) L.D. Benson var. trisectus (Eastw. ex B.L. Rob.) L.D. var. adoneus (A.Gray) C.L.Hitchcock  = Ranunculus adoneus var. alpinus (S.Watson) C.L.Hitchcock  = Ranunculus adoneus	Eschscholtz's buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus extensus (Hook. f.) Schilbe. ex Engl. 1891

F

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus falcatus auct. non L.] Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz Ceratocephala falcata auct. non (L.) Pers. Ceratocephala orthoceras DC. Ceratocephala testiculata (Crantz) Roth	Curveseed butterwort	Eurasia
Ranunculus fallax		Europe
Ranunculus fascicularis	Early buttercup	Eastern North America
Ranunculus flabellaris	Yellow water buttercup	North America
Ranunculus flammula	Lesser spearwort	Boreal Kingdom
Ranunculus fluitans	River water-crowfoot	Europe

G

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus glaberrimus	Sagebrush buttercup	Interior western North America
Ranunculus glacialis	Glacier crowfoot Glacier buttercup	Arctic-alpine Europe Siberia Alaska
Ranunculus gmelinii	Gmelin's buttercup	North America
Ranunculus gormanii	Gorman's buttercup	Oregon Northern California
Ranunculus gramineus	Grassy-leaved buttercup	Southern Europe

H

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus harveyi (A. Gray) Britton 1894[14] var. australis (Brand) L.D. Benson	Harvey's buttercup[15]	south-central U.S.
Ranunculus hebecarpus	Delicate buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus hederaceus	Ivy-leaved crowfoot	Europe
Ranunculus hispidus	Bristly buttercup Hispid buttercup Swamp buttercup	Eastern North America
Ranunculus hybridus	Hybrid buttercup	European Alps
Ranunculus hydrocharoides	Frogbit buttercup Frog's bit buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus hyperboreus Rottb. 1770	High northern buttercup	Northern North America

I

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus illyricus L. 1753 = R. alexeenkoi Grossh. = R. meridionalis Grossh.[16]		Eastern Europe
Ranunculus indivisus (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz. 1939 var. abaensis (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang 1995 var. indivisus[17]
Ranunculus insignis Hook.f. 1852	Korikori	New Zealand
Ranunculus inundatus R.Br. ex DC.	river buttercup	Southeastern Australia

J

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. 1794	mao gen	China
Ranunculus jovis	Utah buttercup	Mountain west United States

K

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus kadzusensis	Maehwamarum Korean water crowfoot	Asia
Ranunculus kuepferi

L

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus lanuginosus L. 1753 Ranunculus umbrosus Ten.	Woolly buttercup Downy buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus lappaceus	Australian buttercup	Eastern Australia
Ranunculus lapponicus	Lapland buttercup	Arctic
Ranunculus lingua	Greater spearwort	Eurasia
Ranunculus lobbii	Lobb's buttercup Lobb's aquatic butterup	Western North America
Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 1840 = R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1796[18]	Longbeak buttercup White water-crowfoot	North America
Ranunculus luminarius		Italy
Ranunculus lyallii	Mount Cook Lily Mount Cook buttercup Mountain buttercup	New Zealand

M

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus macounii	Macoun's buttercup	North America
Ranunculus macranthus	Large buttercup	North America
Ranunculus macrophyllus	Large-leaf buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus micranthus Nutt.	Rock buttercup[19] Small-flowered crowfoot[20]	United States
Ranunculus millefolius Banks & Sol.[21]	Jerusalem buttercup[22] Nurit	Israel, Lebanon, Syria
Ranunculus montanus	mountain buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus monophyllus		eastern Europe to subarctic Asia and northern China
Ranunculus moseleyi	Moseley's buttercup
Ranunculus muricatus	Spinyfruit buttercup	Europe

O

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus obtusiusculus Raf.
Ranunculus occidentalis	Western buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius	Badgeworth Buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus orthorhynchus	Straightbeak buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus oz Christenh. & Byng		Australia

P

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus pachyrrhizus Hook.f.		New Zealand
Ranunculus papulentus	Large River buttercup	Southeastern Australia
Ranunculus parviflorus	Smallflower buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus pauperculus Ovcz.  = R. eschscholtzii	Eschscholtz's buttercup	Western North America
Ranunculus pedatifidus	Birdfoot buttercup Northern buttercup Surefoot buttercup	Asia North America
Ranunculus peduncularis		South America
Ranunculus peltatus	Pond water crowfoot	Europe Southwestern Asia Northern Africa
Ranunculus penicillatus		Europe Morocco
Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans		Southern UK (chalk streams)
Ranunculus pensylvanicus	Pennsylvania buttercup	North America
Ranunculus pimpinellifolius Hook.	Bog buttercup	Eastern Australia
Ranunculus pinguis		New Zealand (Auckland and Campbell Islands)
Ranunculus platanifolius	Large white buttercup
Ranunculus polyanthemos	Multiflowered buttercup	Europe Central Asia Siberia
Ranunculus populago	Popular buttercup Mountain Buttercup	Pacific Northwest United States
Ranunculus pusillus	Low spearwort	Eastern United States
Ranunculus pygmaeus	Pygmy buttercup	Circumpolar Arctic
Ranunculus pyrenaeus	Pyrenean buttercup	Andorra France Spain

R

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus radicans		Siberia to northern China
Ranunculus recurvatus	Hooked crowfoot Hooked buttercup	Eastern North America
Ranunculus repens	Creeping buttercup	Eurasia Northwestern Africa
Ranunculus reptans R. flammula var. filiformis	Greater creeping spearwort	North America
Ranunculus rhomboideus	Prairie Buttercup	North America

S

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus sardous	Hairy buttercup Sardinian buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus sceleratus	Cursed buttercup Celery-leaved buttercup	Eurasia North America
Ranunculus seguieri	Seguier's buttercup	Southeastern Europe
Ranunculus septentrionalis	Swamp buttercup	Eastern North America
Ranunculus sericophyllus Hook.f.	Silky alpine buttercup[23] Feathery-leaved buttercup[24]	New Zealand
Ranunculus siamensis		Thailand, India, Nepal, Myanmar and Indochina
Ranunculus sieboldii		Asia
Ranunculus silerifolius		Eastern Asia
Ranunculus subrigidus W.B.Drew  = R. aquatilis var. diffusus	White water-crowfoot
Ranunculus sulphureus Sol. ex C.J. Phipps 1774 var. altaica (Laxm.) Trautv. 1860 var. sulphureus var. albertii (Regel & Schmalh.) Maxim. 1889  = R. alberti var. intercedens Hultén 1928  = R. sulphureus	Sulphur buttercup	Alaska Canada Greenland

T

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus thora L. 1753	Tora buttercup	Europe
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill. 1786 = R. aquatilis var. diffusus With. 1796
Ranunculus trilobus Desf. 1799	Threelobe buttercup[25]	Mediterranean
Ranunculus triternatus A. Gray 1886
Ranunculus trivedii Aswal & Mehrotra 1983		Himalayas
Ranunculus turneri Greene 1892

U

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus uncinatus D.Don 1831	Woodland buttercup Little buttercup	Western North America

V

Species & synonyms	Common names	Native range	Illustration
Ranunculus velutinus Ten. 1825
Ranunculus venetus Huter ex Landolt
Ranunculus verticillatus	Lobe-leaf buttercup	New Zealand
Ranunculus viridis H. D. Wilson et Garn.-Jones	Mt Allen buttercup	Stewart Island, New Zealand

References

Specific

1. ↑ "Ranunculus L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
2. ↑ R. abaensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
3. ↑ R. abchasicus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
4. ↑ R. abchasicus International Plant Names Index (IPNI). 21 December 2011
5. ↑ R. abortivus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
6. ↑ R. acaulis International Plant Names Index (IPNI) 21 December 2011
7. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus acriformis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 21 December 2011.
8. 1 2 3 "Ranunculus acriformis var. aestivalis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
9. 1 2 3 var. aestivalis Flora of North America, Vol. 3. 21 December 2011
10. ↑ var. aestivalis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
11. ↑ R. amplexicaulis Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
12. ↑ "Flora of Victoria". VicFlora. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
13. ↑ "Ranunculus anemoneus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
14. ↑ R. harveyi Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Dec 2011
15. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus harveyi". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 21 Dec 2011.
16. ↑ R. illyricus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 Dec 2011
17. ↑ R. indivisus Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
18. ↑ R. longirostris Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 21 December 2011
19. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Ranunculus micranthus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 Dec 2011.
20. ↑ R. micranthus New York Natural Heritage Program. 2011. Online Conservation Guide 19 Dec 2011
21. ↑ R. millefolius BioLib.cz 22 Dec 2011
22. ↑ R. millefolius Flowers in Israel 22 Dec 2011
23. ↑ NZ Plant Conservation Network
24. ↑ UniProt
25. ↑ R. trilobus Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) 22 December 2011

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