The Evangelical Parliamentary Front or the Evangelical Caucus (known in Portuguese as Frente Parlamentar Evangélica and Bancada Evangélica respectively) is a loosely organized group of Evangelical lawmakers in the Brazilian government and legislature.

If considered a political party, the Evangelical Caucus would be the third largest in the Brazilian government, surpassed only by the Brazilian Democratic Movement and the Workers' Party.[1] It is a proeminent feature of Conservatism in Brazil.

History

Meeting of the Evangelical Parliamentary Front at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, 2023.

The Evangelical Parliamentary Front was founded in 2003 to bring together Evangelical parliamentarians, from all political parties, at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia, Brazil.[2]

The regularization of the FPE on the board of directors of the Chamber of Deputies only occurred on November 9, 2015, motivated by the exponential growth of the bench, a process that began with the significant election of 60 federal deputies who declared themselves evangelicals in the 2002 election.[2]

Leadership

The evangelical caucus has no formalized leadership; however João Campos de Araújo, Anthony Garotinho, Eduardo Cunha, Lincoln Portela, and Magno Malta were considered the unofficial leaders of the caucus in 2013.[3]

Membership

The Evangelical Caucus of Brazil has no defined standard of membership but is generally open to all Protestant lawmakers in the Brazilian legislature, including mainline denominations as well as members of evangelical and Pentecostal movements.

The caucus was formed especially because Brazil's fast growing Protestant population was underrepresented in government, and as is the norm Catholic and non-religious politicians are not allowed to be members.[4] Converative Catholic politicians are usually not considered to be part of the evangelical caucus, certain politicians such as Hugo Leal[5] and Jair Bolsonaro[6] often collaborate with the caucus.

Although the Evangelical Caucus is often perceived by the media, its members, and supporters to be conservative/right wing, it is worth noting that a few members are affiliated with left-wing politics in Brazil, such as Benedita da Silva,[7] Marina Silva,[8] and Walter Pinheiro.[9]

Influence on politics

The evangelical front is often seen as part of the rising Evangelical influence in politics in Latin America. The evangelical vote was seen as key in the Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in the 2018 election.[6]

Prominent members

Senate of Brazil

The following past and present members of the Brazilian Senate that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus

imageNametermstatepartydenominationreference
Marina Silva1995–2003
2008–2011
AcrePT
PV
Assembleias de Deus[3]
Benedita da Silva1995–1998Rio de JaneiroPTAssembleias de Deus[7]
Magno Malta2003–2019Espírito SantoPRnon-denominational Evangelical[3]
Marcelo Crivella2003–2018Rio de JaneiroPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[10]
Walter Pinheiro2011–2016BahiaPTBaptists[11]
Eduardo Lopes2012–2014
2016–2019
Rio de JaneiroPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[12]
Guaracy Silveira2018–2019TocantinsPSLInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel[13]
Zequinha Marinho2019–ParáPSCAssembleias de Deus[14]
Marcos Rogério2019–RondôniaDEMAssembleias de Deus[14]
Eliziane Gama2019–MaranhãoPPSAssembleias de Deus[14]
Arolde de Oliveira2019–2020Rio de JaneiroPSDBaptists[14]
Flávio Bolsonaro2019–Rio de JaneiroPSLBaptists[14]
Mecias de Jesus2019–RoraimaPRBNova Vida Baptist church[15][14]
Luis Carlos Heinze2019–Rio Grande do SulPPEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil[16]

Chamber of Deputies

The following past and present members of the Chamber of Deputies that are/were affiliated with the Evangelical caucus

imageNametermstatepartydenominationreference
Arolde de Oliveira1984–2019Rio de JaneiroPSDBaptists[14]
Flávio Rocha1984–1995Rio Grande do NortePTCComunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra[17]
Benedita da Silva1987–1995
2011–
Rio de JaneiroPTAssembleias de Deus[7]
Marina Silva1991–1995AcrePTAssembleias de Deus[3]
Moroni Torgan1991–1995
2015–2019
CearáDEMThe Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[18]
Edson Coelho Araújo1995–2001
2011–2017
São PauloPDMBPresbyterian Church of Brazil[18]
Walter Pinheiro1997–2011BahiaPTBaptists[11]
Magno Malta1999–2003Espírito SantoPRnon-denominational Evangelical[3]
Luis Carlos Heinze1999–2018Rio Grande do SulPPEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil[16]
Silas Câmara1999–AmazonasvariousAssembleias de Deus[19]
Lincoln Portela1999–Minas GeraisPRBSolidarity Baptist Church[20]
Josué Bengtson1999–2007ParáPTBInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel[21]
Carlos Manato2001–2019Espírito SantoPDTIgreja Cristã Maranata[22]
Jefferson Alves de Campos2002–2006
2008–
São PauloPSD
PSB
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel[23]
Zequinha Marinho2003–2015ParáPSCAssembleias de Deus[14]
Onyx Lorenzoni2003–2019Rio Grande do SulDEMEvangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil[24]
Jorge Tadeu Mudalen2003–2019São PauloDEM
PMDB
International Grace of God Church[18]
Eduardo Cunha2003–2019Rio de JaneiroPMDBComunidade Evangélica Sara Nossa Terra[25]
Gilberto Nascimento2003–2007
2015–
São PauloPSCAssembleias de Deus[26]
João Campos de Araújo2003–GoiásPRBAssembleias de Deus[27]
Hidekazu Takayama2003–ParanáPSCAssembleias de Deus[28]
Antonio Bulhões2007–São PauloPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[29]
Vinicius Carvalho2007–2011
2014–
São PauloPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[30]
Cléber Verde2008–MaranhãoPRBAssembleias de Deus[31]
Paulo Freire Costa2008–São PauloPRAssembleias de Deus[32]
Márcio Marinho2008–BahiaPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[33]
Marco Feliciano2011–Rio de JaneiroPODE
PSC
Assembleias de Deus
Cathedral of Avivamento/Gideões Missionários da Última Hora
[34]
Pastor Eurico2011–PernambucoPATRI
PHS
Assembleias de Deus[35]
Aguinaldo Ribeiro2011–ParaíbaPPBrazilian Baptist Convention[36]
João Henrique Caldas2011–AlagoasPSBInternational Grace of God Church[37]
Laercio Oliveira2011–SergipePPPresbyterian Church of Brazil[38]
Ronaldo Fonseca2011–2018Distrito FederalPODE
PROS
PR
Assembleias de Deus[39]
Edmar Arruda2011–2019ParanáPSD
PSC
Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil[40]
Francisco Floriano2011–2015Rio de JaneiroDEM
PR
Universal Church of God's Power[41]
Anthony Garotinho2011–2015Rio de JaneiroPR
PRB
Presbyterian[42]
Missionário José Olimpio2011–2018São PauloDEM
PR
Universal Church of God's Power[43]
Fernando Francischini2011–2019ParanáSD
PSL
Assembleias de Deus[44]
Bruna Furlan2011–São PauloPSDBChristian Congregation in Brazil[45]
Clarissa Garotinho2015–Rio de JaneiroPR
PRB
PROS
Presbyterian[46]
Ronaldo Nogueira2015–Rio Grande do SulPTBAssembleias de Deus[47]
Alexandre Serfiotis2015–Rio de JaneiroPMDBFazei Discípulos Apostolic Church[48]
Áureo Lídio Moreira Ribeiro2015–Rio de JaneiroSDMethodist Church in Brazil[49]
Ezequiel Teixeira2015–2019Rio de JaneiroSDProjeto Vida Nova[50]
Tia Eron2015–2017BahiaPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[51]
Rosângela Gomes2015–Rio de JaneiroPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[52]
Sóstenes Cavalcante2015–Rio de JaneiroDEMAssembleias de Deus[53]
Johnathan de Jesus2015–RoraimaPRBNova Vida Baptist church[15]
Geovânia de Sá2015–Santa CatarinaPSDBAssembleias de Deus[54]
Stefano Aguiar2015–Minas GeraisPSDInternational Church of the Foursquare Gospel[55]
Jony Marcos2015–SergipePRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[56]
Alan Rick Miranda2015–AcreDEM
PRB
Forest Evangelical Baptist Church[57]
Lucio Mosquini2015–RondôniaMDBBrazilian Baptist Convention[58]
Toninho Wandscheer2015–ParanáPROSAssembleias de Deus[59]
Antônio Jácome2015–2018Rio Grande do NortePODE
PMN
Assembleias de Deus[60]
Lindomar Garçon2015–2019RondôniaPRB
MDB
Assembleias de Deus[61]
Franklin Lima2015–2019Minas GeraisPPUniversal Church of God's Power[18]
Fábio Fernandes de Sousa2015–GoiásPSDBIgreja Fonte da Vida[62]
Christiane Yared2015–ParanáPRCatedral do Reino de Deus[63]
Altineu Côrtes2015–Rio de JaneiroPRAssembleias de Deus[64]
Fausto Pinato2015–São PauloPP
PRB
Christian Congregation in Brazil[65]
Liziane Bayer2019–Rio Grande do SulPSBInternational Grace of God Church[66]
Manuel Marcos2019–AcrePRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[67]
Marcos Pereira2019–São PauloPRBUniversal Church of the Kingdom of God[68]
Felipe Francischini2019–ParanáPSLAssembleias de Deus[69]
Otoni de Paula2019–Rio de JaneiroPSCAssembleias de Deus[70]

See also

References

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