The Bagauda Dynasty is a house of noblemen who founded and ruled the Kingdom (eventually Sultanate) of Kano throughout its existence. The Dynasty spanned over 800 years spread out through ten centuries, one of the longest in recorded human history and produced 43 rulers. After the fall of the dynasty in Kano, the remnants of the royal house founded a new kingdom in the Maradi Region.

History

"A man shall come to this land with an army, and gain mastery over us, you will see him in the sacred place of Tsumburbura, if he comes not in your time, assuredly he will come in the time of your children, and will conquer all in this country, and forget you and yours and exalt himself and his people for years to come"

The dynasty started with the first King of Kano, Bagauda in 999 CE and lasted until 1807 CE when the last ruler from the lineage, Muhammad Alwali II was assassinated in exile during the Fulani War. Their reign started after Bagauda migrated to Kano and conquered the indigenous pagans of Dala Hill, although the rest of Kano would not fall under their control until during the reign of his early successors.

The dynasty is divided into three factions or eras, the Gaudawa, the Rumfawa and the Kutumbawa, but their lineage can all be traced to Bagauda according to the Kano Chronicle. They are said to have descended from Bawo, the son of Hausa folk hero Bayajidda and his wife, the last Kabara, Magajiya Daurama.The arrival of Bagauda is said to have fulfilled the prophecy of Barbushe.[1]

Gaudawa

The Gaudawa's reign was characterized by the conquest and consolidation of what is now known as Kano State by Bagauda and his earliest descendants. Their era was characterized by mostly war and expansion by the rulers and also the construction of the Kano Walls. They also laid the foundation of the Kano administrative system and revolutionized its Military along with imposing Islam as the State religion. The Gaudawa are also known as "Daurawa".

Rumfawa

The Rumfawa oversaw the zenith of the Kano Sultanate. With the opening of trade routes a few decades earlier in the time of Abdullahi Burja, Muhammad Rumfa and his descendants were able to propel the State to the peak of its commercial and political influence. This saw a wave of immigrants from other parts the Sahel as well as the venture of Kano's citizens into other parts of the region, asserting the State as a major trading center. Their reign culminated in the complete subordination of all of Hausaland by Kano during the reign of Rumfa's Grandson, Muhammad Kisoki. The Rumfawa made the most important administrative and social reforms in Kano.

Kutumbawa

The Kutumbawa era began in 1623, starting with Muhammad Alwali I, famously known as El Kutumbi. This era saw dwindling fortunes for the Sultanate. The Kutumbawa faced various waves of famine (possibly due to environmental degradation), indecisive wars by increasingly aggressive neighbors, and had to deal with internal strife within the Kano Royal House. Ravaged by economic and political crises, the Kutumbawa saw the fall of Kano's founding dynasty.

Genealogy

Bagauda Dynasty
Kings of Kano (Sarkin Kano)
BauwoKaunasu
1
Daud
Bagoda

999–1063
Saju
2
Warisi
1063-1095
Yānas
Munsada3
Gijimasu
1095-1134
Yankuma
or
Yankuna
4
Nawata
1134-1136
(co-ruler 1134)
4
Gawata
co-ruler 1134
5
Yusa
Tsaraki

1136-1194
Muntáras
or
Yankuma
GijimasuMunsada6
Naguji
1194-1247
7
Gugua
1247-1290
TsarakiAuta
Salmata8
Shekkarau I
1290–1307
Kumyerku
Maganarku9
Tsamia
Barandamasu

1307-1343
10
Osumanu
Zamnagawa

1343-1349
Sultans of Kano
11
Yaji
Ali

1349-1385
Aunaka12
Bugaya
Mohammad

1349-1385
Yatara13
Kanajeji
1347-1390
Tekidda
Auta
14
Umaru
1410-1421
15
Dauda
1421-1438
16
Abdulahi
Burja

1438-1452
Tasafi
17
Dakauta
1452
(1 day)
(deposed)
19
Yakubu
1452-1463
Fasima
Berana
18
Atuma
1452
(deposed)
20
Mohamma
Rimfa

1463-1499
Auwa
21
Abdulahi
1499-1509
Lamis25
Abubakr
Kado

1565-1573
(deposed)
Tunus22
Mohamma
Kisoki

1509-1565
Hausatu
Zuhara23
Yakufu
1565
Fasuma27
Mohamma
Zaki

1582-1618
Kursu
24
Dauda
Abasama I

1565
(exiled)
26
Mohamma
Shashere

1573-1582
(deposed)
Dada28
Mohamma
Nazaki

1618-1623
Fudima29
Kutumbi
1623-1648
Fari30
Al Haji
1648-1649
(deposed)
Goro
31
Shekkarau II
1649-1651
Fasuma32,34
Mohamma
Kukuna

1651-1652
1652-1660
(deposed twice)
Lamis
33
Soyaki
1652
(deposed)
Ka Iya Gari35
Bawa
1660-1670
Mariamma36
Dadi
1670-1703
37
Mohamma
Sharefa

1703-1731
DukiYerduna40
Mohamma
Yaji

1753-1768
Baiwa
Zama
Zenabu
38
Mohamma
Kumbari

1731-1743
41
Babba
Zaki

1768-1776
42
Dauda
Abasama II

1776-1781
43
Mohamma
Alwali

1781-1807
39
Alhaji
Kabe

1743-1753

See also

References

  1. Hiskett, M. (1957). "The Kano Chronicle". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1/2): 79–81. ISSN 0035-869X. JSTOR 25201990.
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