Archaerhineura
Temporal range: Paleocene,
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Family: Rhineuridae
Genus: Archaerhineura
Longrich et al., 2015
Type species
Archaerhineura mephitis
Longrich et al., 2015

Archaerhineura was a genus of amphisbaenian lizards in the family Rhineuridae that is now extinct. The only species is Archaerhineura mephitis, named in 2015 on the basis of a single fragment of the lower jaw from the Polecat Bench Formation in Park County, Wyoming, which dates to the late Paleocene (about 57 to 58 million years ago). Archaerhineura is one of the oldest amphisbaenians and was part of an evolutionary radiation of Rhineuridae in the Paleocene several million years after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (the only surviving member of Rhineuridae is Rhineura floridana, which lives in Florida). This rhineurid radiation coincided with the radiation of another group of amphisbaenians, Amphisbaeniformes, which includes the still-extant families Blanidae and Amphisbaenidae. The presence of Archaerhineura and other Paleocene rhineurids in the western United States indicates that amphisbaenians, which would later have a nearly global distribution, originated in North America.[1]

Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of Archaerhineura and other amphisbaenians:[1]

Amphisbaenia
Rhineuridae

Plesiorhineura tsentasai

Archaerhineura mephitis

Jepsibaena minor

Spathorhynchus natronicus

Spathorhynchus fossorium

Dyticonastis rensbergeri

Hyporhina antiqua

Hyporhina tertia

Hyporhina galbreathi

Hadrorhineura hibbardi

Rhineura wilsoni

UCM skull

Protorhineura hatcherii

Rhineura sepultra

Rhineura marslandensis

Rhineura floridana

Chthonophis subterraneus

Oligodontosaurus spp.

Amphisbaeniformes

Blanidae

Anniealexandria gansi

Bipes spp.

Cadea blanoides

Todrasaurus gheerbrandti

Afrobaenia

Trogonophis wiegmanni

Diplometopon zarudnyi

Agamodon anguliceps

Amphisbaenidae

References

  1. 1 2 Longrich, N. R.; Vinther, J.; Pyron, R. A.; Pisani, D.; Gauthier, J. A. (2015). "Biogeography of worm lizards (Amphisbaenia) driven by end-Cretaceous mass extinction". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1806): 20143034. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.3034. PMC 4426617. PMID 25833855.


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