2024 Portuguese legislative election
10 March 2024
230 seats in the Assembly of the Republic
116 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Pedro Nuno Santos, projecto da alta velocidade Lisboa-Porto-Vigo (2022-10-01), cropped.png
Luís Montenegro.jpg
André Ventura (Agencia LUSA, Entrevista Presidenciais 2021), cropped.png
Leader Pedro Nuno Santos Luís Montenegro André Ventura
Party PS PSD CH
Alliance AD
Leader since 16 December 2023 28 May 2022[lower-alpha 1] 9 April 2019
Leader's seat Aveiro Lisbon Lisbon
Last election 120 seats, 41.4% 77 seats, 30.7%[lower-alpha 2] 12 seats, 7.2%
Seats needed Steady Increase 39 Increase 104
 
Rui Rocha.jpg
Paulo Raimundo (Agência Lusa 2023-10-18) (cropped).png
Mariana Mortágua, tempo de antena sobre justiça fiscal, Legislativas 2022.png
Leader Rui Rocha Paulo Raimundo Mariana Mortágua
Party IL PCP BE
Alliance CDU
Leader since 22 January 2023 12 November 2022 28 May 2023
Leader's seat Braga Lisbon Lisbon
Last election 8 seats, 4.9% 6 seats, 4.3%[lower-alpha 3] 5 seats, 4.4%
Seats needed Increase 108 Increase 110 Increase 111
 
Inês_Sousa_Real.jpg
Rui Tavares 2022.png
Teresa Mota.png
Leader Inês Sousa Real Rui Tavares
Teresa Mota[lower-alpha 4]
Party PAN LIVRE
Leader since 6 June 2021 6 March 2022
Leader's seat Lisbon Lisbon
Braga
Last election 1 seat, 1.6% 1 seat, 1.3%
Seats needed Increase 115 Increase 115
Portuguese Electoral Districts 2019 redistribution.svg
Incumbent Prime Minister

António Costa
PS


Snap legislative elections will take place on 10 March 2024 to elect members of the Assembly of the Republic to the 16th Legislature of Portugal. All 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic will be at stake.

Background

The Socialist Party (PS), led by Prime Minister António Costa, won an absolute majority in the 2022 legislative election with 41% of the votes and 120 seats in the 230 seat Assembly of the Republic. The main opposition party, the Social Democratic Party (PSD), got 77 seats and 29% of the votes, while far-right party Chega (Enough) gain 12 seats and 7%. The Liberal Initiative (IL) were able to win 8 seats and gather almost 5% of the votes. The far-left parties, the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Left Bloc (BE), achieved one of their worst results ever with 4% of the votes and 6 and 5 seats, respectively. PAN and LIVRE were able to win just one seat each.[1]

António Costa's third government was sworn in on 30 March 2022. This government proved very unstable with several scandals and/or controversies affecting it. By mid 2023, the government had already suffered 13 resignations, 11 Secretaries of state and 2 Ministers.[2] The main controversy regarded TAP Air Portugal and a compensation payment to a government member, Alexandra Reis.[3] This case was followed by an incident, in late April 2023, at the Ministry of Infrastructure building between government staff members and an advisor to Minister João Galamba regarding an alleged stolen laptop.[4] The use of the Portuguese Secret Services in this case generated a clash between President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa and Prime Minister António Costa concerning the future of minister João Galamba and of the government itself.[5]

Fall of the government

On 7 November 2023, it was reported that the Public Security Police and the Public Prosecutor's office carried out a series of searches at the official residence of the Prime Minister and other ministries, and that the Prime Minister's chief of staff had been arrested.[6] Costa was named as a suspect in a corruption case involving the awarding of contracts for the lithium and hydrogen businesses.[7] He met with President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in the Presidential Palace and announced his resignation shortly after, stating that he would not run for re-election.[8]

The President heard all parties after Costa's resignation.[9] The Socialist Party proposed a new cabinet led by President of the Assembly of the Republic Augusto Santos Silva[10] or Governor of the Bank of Portugal Mário Centeno[11] that would last until the end of the government's term in 2026, while all opposition parties, except PAN, supported an early election.[12] President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, after meeting with the Council of State, called an early election for 10 March 2024.[13]

The Prime Minister's resignation was not made official immediately, it was postponed until 8 December 2023, so that the State Budget for 2024 could be approved by parliament.[14][15]

This marks the first time a single party majority government has not completed its full term in democratic Portugal.

Politics of Portugal

The President of Portugal has the power to dissolve the Assembly of the Republic by their own will. Unlike in other countries, the President can refuse to dissolve the parliament at the request of the Prime Minister or the Assembly of the Republic and all the parties represented in Parliament. If the Prime Minister resigns, the President must appoint a new Prime Minister after listening to all the parties represented in Parliament and then the government programme must be subject to discussion by the Assembly of the Republic, whose members of parliament may present a motion to reject the upcoming government.

Date

According to the Portuguese Constitution, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends. The election is called by the President of Portugal but is not called at the request of the Prime Minister; however, the President must listen to all of the parties represented in Parliament and the election day must be announced at least 60 days before the election.[16] If an election is called during an ongoing legislature (dissolution of parliament) it must be held at least after 55 days. Election day is the same in all multi-seat constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or national holiday. In normal circunstances, the next legislative election would, therefore, have taken place no later than 11 October 2026.[17]

On 9 November 2023, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa announced he would dissolve the parliament and called an early election for 10 March 2024.[13] On 15 January 2024, he dissolved the parliament and officially scheduled the election for 10 March 2024.[18]

Leadership changes and challenges

CDS – People's Party

In the 2022 elections, the CDS–People's Party was wiped out from Parliament for the first time in 47 years of democracy.[19] CDS leader Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos resigned on election night and announced that a leadership ballot would be held.[20] On 11 February, it was announced that a new leader would be elected in a party congress on 2 and 3 April 2022 held in Guimarães.[21] MEP Nuno Melo, former MP Nuno Correia da Silva, 2016 leadership candidate Miguel Mattos Chaves and Bruno Filipe Costa announced they would contest the ballot.[22][23][24][25] During the congress, Bruno Filipe Costa and Nuno Correia da Silva dropped out from the race.[26] Nuno Melo was easily elected as leader with more than 77% of the votes. The results were the following:

Ballot: 2 April 2022
Candidate Votes %
Nuno Melo 854 77.5
Miguel Mattos Chaves 104 9.4
Others[lower-alpha 5] 144 13.1
Turnout 1,102
Source: Observador

Social Democratic Party

Luís Montenegro addressing the 40th Congress of the PSD in Porto.

After the Social Democratic Party's (PSD) defeat in the 2022 legislative election, Rui Rio announced he would resign and not run again for the PSD leadership, calling a leadership election to elect a new leader.[27] The ballot was held on 28 May 2022.[28] Luís Montenegro, former PSD parliamentary group leader (2011-2018), and Jorge Moreira da Silva, former Environment minister (2013-2015), were the only candidates on the ballot.[29] Around 45,000 party members, out of more than 85,000 active members, registered to vote.[30] Montenegro defeated Moreira da Silva by a landslide, becoming the 19th leader of the PSD.[31] The results were as follows:

Ballot: 28 May 2022
Candidate Votes %
Luís Montenegro 19,241 72.5
Jorge Moreira da Silva 7,306 27.5
Blank/Invalid ballots 437 –
Turnout 26,984 60.46
Source: Official results

Portuguese Communist Party

Paulo Raimundo speaking during the Party's Conference that elected him as the Secretary-General of the PCP.

On 5 November 2022, the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) announced that Jerónimo de Sousa, party leader since 2004, was departing from the leadership for health reasons and the demands that the post requires.[32] The party chose Paulo Raimundo, a party employee and member since 1994, as new leader[33] whose nomination was confirmed in a Central Committee meeting on 12 November 2022 by unanimous vote, with one abstention, from Raimundo himself.[34] The results were the following:

Ballot: 12 November 2022
Candidate Votes %
Paulo Raimundo 128 99.2
Against 0 0.0
Abstention 1 0.8
Turnout 129
Source: Observador

Liberal Initiative

Rui Rocha delivering his victory speech at the Party's Convention on 22 January 2023 in Lisbon.

On 23 October 2022, party leader João Cotrim Figueiredo announced he was leaving the party leadership and called a leadership election.[35] Shortly after Cotrim's announcement, an MP Rui Rocha from Braga constituency, stepped forward and announced his intention to run for the leadership.[36] Two days later, Carla Castro, a Lisbon MP, also presented her candidacy forthe leadership.[37] A few weeks later, the party decided on a date, and location, for the leadership ballot and the new leader would be elected in a National Convention between 21 and 22 January 2023 in Lisbon.[38] A third candidate for the leadership, José Cardoso, a critic of Figueiredo's leadership and strategy, announced his candidacy on 2 January 2023.[39] Around 2,300 party members registered to vote in the leadership convention.[40] Rui Rocha was elected as the 4th President of the Liberal Initiative with almost 52% of the votes.[41] The results were the following:

Ballot: 22 January 2023
Candidate Votes %
Rui Rocha 888 51.7
Carla Castro 757 44.0
José Cardoso 74 4.3
Blank/Invalid ballots 9 –
Turnout 1,728 74.26
Source: Diário de Notícias

People Animals Nature

People Animals Nature (PAN) held a leadership ballot on 20 May 2023.[42] Two candidates were on the ballot: Incumbent leader Inês Sousa Real and Nelson Silva, MP between 2019 and 2022. Silva accused Sousa Real of leading the party to irrelevance and that now it's time to "save" and "rebuild" the party.[43] In a rather tense congress, with strong accusations between both sides,[44] Inês Sousa Real was re-elected party leader with 73% of the votes.[45] The results were the following:

Ballot: 20 May 2023
Candidate Votes %
Inês Sousa Real 97 72.9
Nelson Silva 35 26.3
Blank/Invalid ballots 1 0.8
Turnout 133
Source: Expresso

Left Bloc

Mariana Mortágua announcing her candidacy on 27 February 2023 in Lisbon.

On 14 February 2023, party coordinator Catarina Martins announced she would not run for another term as party leader.[46] Her reasons were that the party needed someone new to lead it, that in the party there are not very long periods of leadership and that the "new political cycle" forces a change. A party leadership convention was held between 27 and 28 May 2023, in Lisbon.[47]

While names like MEP Marisa Matias and caucus leader Pedro Filipe Soares discarded a candidacy for the leadership, MP Mariana Mortágua decided to run for the party leadership.[48] Her candidacy was confirmed on 27 February 2023.[49] A list of critics of the then party leadership, led by former MP Pedro Soares, opposed Mortágua in the convention ballot.[50] On 28 May 2023, Mariana Mortágua was easily elected as new party coordinator with 83% of the delegates votes.[51] The results were the following:

Ballot: 28 May 2023
Candidate Votes %
Mariana Mortágua 439 83.1
Pedro Soares 78 14.8
Abstentions 11 2.1
Turnout 528 80.74
Source: CNN Portugal

Socialist Party

After the resignation of António Costa as Prime Minister on 7 November 2023, following the Operation Influencer corruption investigation, and his announcement that he would not run again for office, the Socialist Party (PS) held a leadership election to elect a new leader[52] on 15 and 16 December 2023.[53] On 9 November 2023, former Minister of Infrastructure and Housing Pedro Nuno Santos announced his candidacy for the party leadership,[54] while Minister of Internal Administration José Luís Carneiro announced his intention to run on the following day.[55] On 18 November 2023, Daniel Adrião, a member of the National Commission of PS and candidate in the PS leadership elections of 2016, 2018 and 2021, announced his candidacy.[56] On 16 December, Pedro Nuno Santos was easily elected with almost 61% of the votes, compared with the 37% of José Luís Carneiro.[57] The results were the following:

Ballot: 15 and 16 December 2023
Candidate Votes %
Pedro Nuno Santos 24,219 60.8
José Luís Carneiro 14,891 37.4
Daniel Adrião 382 1.0
Blank/Invalid ballots 322 0.8
Turnout 39,814 68.65
Source: Official results

Electoral system

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected for four-year terms. Governments do not require an absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposition MPs is larger than that of its supporters, the opposition still needs to be equal to or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[58]

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[59] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[60]

The distribution of MPs by electoral district in the 2022 general election was the following:[61]

DistrictNumber of MPsMap
Lisbon48
Porto40
Braga19
Setúbal18
Aveiro16
Leiria10
Coimbra, Faro and Santarém9
Viseu8
Madeira and Viana do Castelo6
Azores and Vila Real5
Castelo Branco4
Beja, Bragança, Évora and Guarda3
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe2

Parties

Parties and/or coalitions that intend to run have until 29 January 2024 to file lists of candidates.[62]

Parliamentary factions

The table below lists the parties and/or coalitions represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 15th legislature (2022–2024) and that will also contest the 2024 elections:

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2022 result Seats at
dissolution		 Refs
 % Seats
PS Socialist Party
Partido Socialista		 Social democracy Centre-left Pedro Nuno Santos 41.4%
120 / 230
120 / 230
AD Democratic Alliance
Aliança Democrática
 Liberal conservatism
Conservatism		 Centre-right Luís
Montenegro		 29.1%
1.6%
0.0%
77 / 230
76 / 230
 [63]
[64]
[lower-alpha 6]
CH Enough!
Chega!		 National conservatism
Right-wing populism		 Right-wing
to far-right		 André Ventura 7.2%
12 / 230
12 / 230
IL Liberal Initiative
Iniciativa Liberal		 Classical liberalism
 Centre-right
to right-wing		 Rui Rocha 4.9%
8 / 230
8 / 230
CDU Unitary Democratic Coalition
Coligação Democrática Unitária
 Communism
Eco-socialism		 Left-wing
to far-left		 Paulo
Raimundo		 4.3%
6 / 230
6 / 230
 [lower-alpha 3]
BE Left Bloc
Bloco de Esquerda		 Democratic socialism
Left-wing populism		 Left-wing
to far-left		 Mariana Mortágua 4.4%
5 / 230
5 / 230
PAN People Animals Nature
Pessoas-Animais-Natureza		 Animal welfare
Environmentalism		 Centre-left[lower-alpha 7] Inês Sousa Real 1.6%
1 / 230
1 / 230
L FREE
LIVRE		 Green politics
Pro-Europeanism		 Centre-left
to left-wing		 Rui Tavares &
Teresa Mota		 1.3%
1 / 230
1 / 230
Ind. Independent
Independente		 António Maló de Abreu (left the Social Democratic Party caucus)
1 / 230
 [66]

Non-represented parties

The table below lists the parties and/or coalitions that have expressed their intention in running in the elections.

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2022 result Refs
 %
RIR React, Include, Recycle
Reagir, Incluir, Reciclar,		 Humanism
Pacifism		 Syncretic Márcia Henriques 0.4% [67]
ADN National Democratic Alternative
Alternativa Democrática Nacional		 Traditionalism
Anti-establishment		 Right-wing Bruno Fialho 0.2% [68]
JPP Together for the People
Juntos pelo Povo		 Regionalism
Social liberalism		 Centre Élvio Sousa 0.2% [69]
VP Volt Portugal
Volt Portugal		 Social liberalism
European federalism		 Centre
to centre-left		 Ana Carvalho 0.1% [70]
E Rise Up
Ergue-te		 National conservatism
Anti-immigration		 Far-right José Pinto Coelho 0.1% [71]
ND New Right
Nova Direita		 National conservatism
Economic liberalism		 Right-wing Ossanda Liber — [72]

Campaign

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
PS « Portugal Inteiro » "Whole Portugal" [73]
AD TBA TBA
CH TBA TBA
IL TBA TBA
CDU « Mais CDU, vida melhor » "More CDU, better life" [74]
BE « Não lhes dês descanso » "Don't give them rest" [75]
PAN TBA TBA
L TBA TBA

Candidates' debates

With parties represented in Parliament

2024 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Time Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[lower-alpha 8]    S  Surrogate[lower-alpha 9]    NI  Not invited   I  Invited    A  Absent invitee 
PS AD CH IL CDU BE PAN L Ref.
5 Feb 9PM SIC I NI NI I NI NI NI NI [76]
[77]
10PM RTP3 NI NI I NI NI NI I NI
6 Feb 6PM RTP3 NI NI NI NI I NI I NI [76]
[77]
9PM TVI NI I NI NI NI I NI NI
10PM SIC Notícias NI NI I I NI NI NI NI
7 Feb 6PM CNN Portugal NI NI NI I NI NI NI I [76][77]
8 Feb 6PM SIC Notícias NI NI NI NI NI I NI I [76][77]
9 Feb 6PM SIC Notícias NI NI NI I NI NI I NI [76]
[77]
9PM RTP1 I NI NI NI NI NI NI I
10PM CNN Portugal NI NI I NI I NI NI NI
10 Feb 9PM RTP1 NI I NI NI I NI NI NI [76]
[77]
9PM TVI I NI NI NI NI NI I NI
11 Feb 9PM SIC NI I NI NI NI NI I NI [76]
[77]
10PM SIC Notícias NI NI NI NI I I NI NI
12 Feb 9PM RTP1 NI I I NI NI NI NI NI [76][77]
13 Feb 6PM CNN Portugal NI NI NI NI I NI NI I [76]
[77]
10PM RTP3 NI NI I NI NI I NI NI
14 Feb 6PM RTP3 NI NI NI NI NI NI I I [76]
[77]
9PM TVI I NI I NI NI NI NI NI
10PM RTP3 NI NI NI I I NI NI NI
15 Feb 6PM CNN Portugal NI NI NI I NI I NI NI [76][77]
16 Feb 9PM RTP1 I NI NI NI NI I NI NI [76]
[77]
9PM SIC NI I NI I NI NI NI NI
10PM SIC Notícias NI NI I NI NI NI NI I
17 Feb 9PM TVI NI I NI NI NI NI NI I [76]
[77]
9PM SIC I NI NI NI I NI NI NI
18 Feb 10PM CNN Portugal NI NI NI NI NI I I NI [76][77]
19 Feb 9PM RTP1
SIC
TVI		 I I NI NI NI NI NI NI [76]
[77]
23 Feb 9PM RTP1 I I I I I I I I [76][77]

With parties not represented in Parliament

2024 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Time Organisers Moderator(s)     P  Present[lower-alpha 10]    S  Surrogate[lower-alpha 11]    NI  Not invited   I  Invited    A  Absent invitee 
RIR ADN JPP Volt E ND Ref.
20 Feb 9PM RTP1 I I I I I I [76][77]

Opinion polling

This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2024 Portuguese legislative election § Graphical summary.[edit]
Local Regression of polls conducted since the election
Local Regression of polls conducted since the election

Polling aggregations

Polling aggregator Last update PS PSD CH IL BE CDU CDS–PP PAN L Lead
Europe Elects 23 Dec 2023 28.7 26.7 15.6 6.7 7.7 2.9 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.0
Marktest 23 Dec 2023 29.0 27.1 15.5 6.1 7.1 2.7 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.9
PolitPro 23 Dec 2023 29.8 26.2 15.0 6.0 7.8 2.8 1.7 3.4 2.4 3.6
Politico 21 Dec 2023 28 27 15 7 8 3 2 3 3 1.0
2022 legislative election[1] 30 Jan 2022 41.4
120		 29.1
77		 7.2
12		 4.9
8		 4.4
5		 4.3
6		 1.6
0		 1.6
1		 1.3
1		 12.3

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ As leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
  2. ↑ In the 2022 election, PSD had 77 seats and 29.1% of the votes, CDS-PP had 1.6% and failed to elect any seats and PPM had 0.0% and also failed to elect any seats.
  3. 1 2 The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV) contested the 2022 election in a coalition called Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) and won a combined 4.3% of the vote and elected 6 MPs to parliament.
  4. ↑ LIVRE has no formal single leader; the party has 15-member leadership committee of which Rui Tavares and Teresa Mota serve as spokespersons.
  5. ↑ CDS members that presented party motions but who were not running for the party's leadership.
  6. ↑ The 77 MPs elected in 2022 are all from the Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD). CDS–PP and PPM elected zero.
  7. ↑ Some sources state that People Animals Nature (PAN) is neither on the left nor the right.[65]
  8. ↑ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  9. ↑ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
  10. ↑ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  11. ↑ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.

References

  1. 1 2 "Resultados Globais". Ministry of Internal Administration (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  2. ↑ "Terceiro Governo de Costa já teve 13 baixas em apenas 16 meses", ECO, 7 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  3. ↑ "26 dias. Alexandra Reis durou menos tempo no Governo que Miguel Alves ", ECO, 28 December 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Acusações, ocultações, suspeitas de agressões - até houve pessoas refugiadas no WC: guia para entender a nova crise no Governo (mas dá mesmo para entendê-la?)", CNN Portugal, 28 April 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  5. ↑ "Marcelo arrasa Galamba e promete ser mais "interventivo" e "atento" com Costa", Diário de Notícias, 4 May 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  6. ↑ Lopes, Maria (2023-11-07). "Buscas da PSP na residência oficial de Costa e ministérios do Ambiente e Infra-estruturas; chefe de gabinete e Lacerda Machado detidos". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  7. ↑ "Governo investigado: António Costa é suspeito e vai ser alvo de inquérito pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justiça". Expresso (in Portuguese). 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  8. ↑ "António Costa demite-se: "Obviamente"". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  9. ↑ Renascença (2023-11-08). "Presidente da República ouve partidos esta quarta-feira - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  10. ↑ Tavares, Rita. "PS apresentará Santos Silva como primeiro-ministro provisório se Marcelo não quiser eleições". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  11. ↑ Mário Centeno sucessor de António Costa? "Falamos depois" (in Portuguese), retrieved 2023-11-09
  12. ↑ Miguel, Inês Pinto (2023-11-08). "Partidos defendem eleições antecipadas para resolver demissão de Costa". O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
  13. 1 2 Renascença (2023-11-09). "Marcelo marca eleições para 10 de março - Renascença". Rádio Renascença (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  14. ↑ Novais, Filipa; Morais, Miguel; Teixeira, Sara (9 November 2023). "Marcelo dissolve Parlamento. António Costa no Governo até às próximas eleições a 10 de março" [Marcelo dissolves Parliament. António Costa in Government until the next elections on 10 March]. Correio da Manhã (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  15. ↑ "Presidente da República decreta demissão do Governo" [President of the Republic decrees government resignation]. Presidência da República Portuguesa (in Portuguese). 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  16. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ↑ Electoral law to the Assembly of the Republic
  18. ↑ "Presidente da República decretou a dissolução do parlamento" [President of the Republic decreed the dissolution of the parliament]. Jornal de Notícias (in Portuguese). 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  19. ↑ "Histórico: CDS fora do Parlamento", CNN Portugal, 31 January 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  20. ↑ "Francisco Rodrigues dos Santos demite-se de presidente do CDS-PP", Diário de Notícias, 31 January 2022. Retrieved February 2022.
  21. ↑ "Conselho Nacional do CDS-PP aprova antecipação do congresso para 2 e 3 de abril", CNN Portugal, 11 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  22. ↑ "“O CDS faz falta a Portugal”, Nuno Melo oficializa candidatura à presidência do partidol", CNN Portugal, 19 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  23. ↑ "Nuno Correia da Silva é candidato à liderança do CDS-PP". www.jn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  24. ↑ "CDS-PP. Miguel Mattos Chaves anuncia candidatura à liderança", CNN Portugal, 19 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  25. ↑ "Candidato ao CDS Bruno Filipe Costa inspira-se nos conservadores britânicos ", Público, 1 April 2022. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  26. ↑ "Congresso CDS-PP. Miguel Mattos Chaves é o único adversário de Nuno Melo ", RTP, 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  27. ↑ "Rui Rio confirma que não se vai recandidatar à liderança do PSD", Diário de Notícias, 3 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  28. ↑ "Sucessor de Rio escolhido a 28 de maio. Ribau Esteves e Pedro Rodrigues marcam posição". Expresso (in European Portuguese). 2022-03-15. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  29. ↑ "PSD: Montenegro e Moreira da Silva confirmados como dois candidatos à liderança". Visão. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  30. ↑ "Menos militantes pagam quotas para escolha entre Montenegro ou Moreira da Silva". Diário de Notícias. 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  31. ↑ Antunes, Miguel Santos Carrapatoso, Rui Pedro. "Em direto/ Luís Montenegro sucede a Rui Rio na liderança do PSD". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ "Jerónimo de Sousa sai da liderança do PCP, 18 anos depois. Paulo Raimundo é o sucessor". Expresso (in European Portuguese). 2022-11-05. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  33. ↑ "Paulo Raimundo será o novo secretário-geral do PCP". Jornal de Notícias (in European Portuguese). 2022-11-05. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  34. ↑ "PCP. Paulo Raimundo eleito novo secretário-geral por unanimidade". i (in European Portuguese). 2022-11-12. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
  35. ↑ "João Cotrim Figueiredo não vai voltar a candidatar-se à liderança da IL". RTP (in European Portuguese). 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  36. ↑ "Deputado Rui Rocha é candidato à liderança da Iniciativa Liberal nas eleições antecipadas". Expresso (in European Portuguese). 2022-10-23. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  37. ↑ Figueiredo, Inês André. "Carla Castro, deputada da Iniciativa Liberal, é candidata à presidência". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  38. ↑ Rodrigues, Sofia (2022-11-06). "Iniciativa Liberal escolhe novo líder a 21 e 22 de Janeiro". Público (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-11-06.
  39. ↑ Sá, Paula (2023-01-02). "Há mais um candidato à presidência da Iniciativa Liberal". ECO (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-01-02.
  40. ↑ "IL vai escolher o seu 4.º líder e pela primeira vez há disputa interna". RTP Madeira (in European Portuguese). 2023-01-19. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
  41. ↑ ECO (2023-01-22). "Rui Rocha é o novo presidente da Iniciativa liberal". ECO (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-01-22.
  42. ↑ "Já há data para o IX Congresso do PAN". www.cnnportugal.iol.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-07.
  43. ↑ "Candidato a porta-voz, Nelson Silva quer "reconstruir" o PAN". www.expresso.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  44. ↑ ""Estamos numa escola básica": tensão, atrasos e críticas marcam arranque do Congresso do PAN. Sousa Real e Nelson Silva trocam argumentos". www.expresso.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  45. ↑ "Inês de Sousa Real reeleita porta-voz do PAN". www.jornaldenegocios.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  46. ↑ "Catarina Martins vai deixar liderança do Bloco de Esquerda". CNN Portugal (in European Portuguese). 2023-02-14. Retrieved 2023-02-14.
  47. ↑ Santa-Bárbara, Bárbara (2023-02-04). "Bloco de Esquerda agenda convenção para maio". TSF (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-02-14.
  48. ↑ "BE: Mariana Mortágua vai avançar para a liderança". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-02-14.
  49. ↑ "Entre críticas ao PS e elogios a Catarina, Mariana Mortágua confirma: "Sou candidata"". www.expresso.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-02-27.
  50. ↑ "Moção de críticos da direção quer parar caminho de perda de influência do BE". www.jn.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  51. ↑ "Mariana Mortágua é a nova líder do Bloco de Esquerda". www.sabado.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-05-28.
  52. ↑ "Eleições ou novo primeiro-ministro? PS "preparado" para todos os cenários, diz Carlos César". www.eco.pt (in European Portuguese). 2023-05-28.
  53. ↑ "PS vai escolher o próximo secretário-geral a 15 e 16 de dezembro. Congresso marcado para 6 e 7 de janeiro". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  54. ↑ "Pedro Nuno Santos candidata-se à liderança do PS". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  55. ↑ "José Luís Carneiro: "Sou candidato para garantir segurança e estabilidade"". www.jn.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-10.
  56. ↑ "Daniel Adrião candidata-se pela "descontinuidade" à liderança do PS". Jornal de Negócios (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  57. ↑ "Pedro Nuno Santos eleito secretário-geral do PS com 62%". sicnoticias.pt. SIC Notícias. 17 December 2020.
  58. ↑ "Constitution of the Portuguese Republic" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  59. ↑ "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 2008-05-14. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
  60. ↑ Gallaher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities"
  61. ↑ "Mapa Oficial n.º 1-C/2021" (PDF). CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - Diário da República n.º 235/2021, 1.º Suplemento, Série I de 6 de Dezembro de 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  62. ↑ "Legislativas: entrega de listas de deputados até 29 de janeiro e campanha entre 25 de fevereiro e 8 de março". www.expresso.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-02-12.
  63. ↑ Portugal, Rádio e Televisão de. "Aliança Democrática. PSD e CDS-PP avançam em coligação para as eleições legislativas e europeias". rtp.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  64. ↑ Mesquita, Henrique Pinto de (2024-01-03). "Afinal, PPM junta-se ao PSD e CDS e integra a Aliança Democrática". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  65. ↑ Martins, Paula (25 January 2022). "The politics of Portugal – who are the parties?". Reuters. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  66. ↑ "Deputado do PSD Maló de Abreu deixa partido e passa a deputado não inscrito". www.cmjornal.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  67. ↑ Distrito, Diário. "RIR vai a jogo nas proximas legislativas". diariodistrito.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  68. ↑ Democrática Nacional, Alternativa. "Eleições Legislativas 2024 Missiva do Presidente do ADN". adn.com.pt (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  69. ↑ Passos, Élvio. "JPP confirma Filipe Sousa como cabeça-de-lista pela Madeira à Assembleia da República". DNOTICIAS.PT (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  70. ↑ Portugal, Volt. "Volt Portugal Legislativas 2024". voltportugal.org (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  71. ↑ Pinto-Coelho, José (2023-11-25). "Ajude o Ergue-te! nas Eleições Legislativas". Partido "Ergue-te!" (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-12-30.
  72. ↑ "Legislativas 2024 - NOVA DIREITA" (in European Portuguese). 2023-12-27. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  73. ↑ "Partido Socialista Facebook". PS (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  74. ↑ "Partido Comunista Português Facebook". PCP (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 January 2024.
  75. ↑ "Bloco de Esquerda Facebook". BE (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 January 2024.
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