The following is the list of political parties in Nepal registered in the Election Commission.[1]

National parties

A party registered with the Election Commission of Nepal is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils the two conditions listed below:[2][3]

There are currently seven national parties in Nepal.[4]

Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader Federal Parliament Provincial Assemblies Local government
Pratinidhi
Sabha
Rastriya
Sabha
Province 1 Madhesh Bagmati Gandaki Lumbini Karnali Sudur­pashchim Heads Councillors
Nepali Congress
नेपाली काँग्रेस
1950 Centre to centre-left Social democracy
Third way
Sher Bahadur Deuba
89 / 275
10 / 59
29 / 93
22 / 107
37 / 110
27 / 60
27 / 87
14 / 40
18 / 53
331 / 753
13,773 / 35,097
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एमाले)
1991 Left-wing[5] Communism
Marxism–Leninism
People's Multiparty
Democracy
KP Sharma Oli
79 / 275
17 / 59
40 / 93
23 / 107
27 / 110
22 / 60
29 / 87
10 / 40
10 / 53
205 / 753
11,929 / 35,097
Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)[a]
नेपाल कमयुनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)
1994 Far-left Communism
Prachanda Path
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
30 / 275
16 / 59
13 / 93
7 / 107
21 / 110
7 / 60
9 / 87
13 / 40
11 / 53
121 / 753
5,045 / 35,097
Rastriya Swatantra Party
(National Independent Party)
राष्ट्रिय स्वतन्त्र पार्टी
2022 Big tent Social liberalism
Populism
Progressivism
Rabi Lamichhane
21 / 275
Rastriya Prajatantra Party
(National Democratic Party)
राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी
1990 Centre-right to right-wing Constitutional monarchism
Economic liberalism
Hindutva
Rajendra Prasad Lingden
14 / 275
6 / 93
1 / 107
13 / 110
2 / 60
4 / 87
1 / 40
1 / 53
4 / 753
305 / 35,097
People's Socialist Party, Nepal
जनता समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल
2020 Centre-left
to left-wing
Democratic socialism
Minority rights
Upendra Yadav
12 / 275
3 / 59
1 / 93
16 / 107
3 / 87
30 / 753
1,548 / 35,097
Janamat Party
(Public Opinion Party)
जनमत पार्टी
2019 Centre-left Social democracy
Regionalism
Madheshi rights
Chandra Kant Raut
6 / 275
13 / 107
3 / 87
2 / 753
96 / 35,097
Nepal Socialist Party[a]
नेपाल समाजवादी पार्टी
2022 Centre-left
to left-wing
Democratic socialism Baburam Bhattarai
Mahindra Ray Yadav
2 / 275
1 / 107
1 / 60
234 / 35,097

^ a: The NSP only collaborated with the CPN (MC) for the 2022 Nepalese general election using CPN (MC)'s election symbol as a common symbol for both the parties.[6] Out of their 32 seats combined in the 2nd Federal Parliament of Nepal, 2 seats are of the NSP: Mahindra Ray Yadav elected directly and Umrawati Devi Yadav from the PR Category. The NSP alone did not secure a national party status.

Other parties currently represented in the Federal parliament

A political party securing less than 3% of the PR votes will have to send its directly elected or FPTP candidates to the parliament as independent lawmakers. In other words, candidates from any political party failing to meet the criteria to become a national party will be ineligible to be represented in parliament as a party.[2][7]

There are currently five such political parties which failed to achieve national status yet are represented in Nepal's Parliament.[4]

Party Founded Political
position
Ideology Leader Federal Parliament Provincial Assemblies Local government
Pratinidhi
Sabha
Rastriya
Sabha
Province 1 Madhesh Bagmati Gandaki Lumbini Karnali Sudur
pashchim
Heads Councillors
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist)
नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत समाजवादी)
2021 Left-wing Communism
Marxist–Leninism
People's Multiparty
Democracy
Madhav Kumar Nepal
10 / 275
8 / 59
4 / 93
7 / 107
7 / 110
1 / 60
1 / 87
1 / 40
4 / 53
20 / 753
987 / 35,097
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal
(Democratic Socialist Party, Nepal)
लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादी पार्टी, नेपाल
2021 Centre-left Social democracy
Third way
Mahantha Thakur
4 / 275
1 / 59
9 / 107
3 / 87
16 / 753
581 / 35,097
Nagrik Unmukti Party
(People's Freedom Party)
नागरिक उन्मुक्ति पार्टी
2022 Centre-left Social democracy
Tharu rights
Ranjeeta Shrestha
3 / 275
1 / 107
4 / 87
8 / 53
4 / 753
99 / 35,097
Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party
(Nepal Workers Peasants Party)
नेपाल मजदुर किसान पार्टी
1975 Far-left Marxism–Leninism
Maoism
Juche
Narayan Man Bijukchhe
1 / 275
3 / 110
1 / 753
85 / 35,097
Rastriya Janamorcha
(National People's Front)
राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा
2006 Far-left Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Anti-federalism
Chitra Bahadur K.C.
1 / 275
1 / 59
1 / 87
4 / 753
159 / 35,097

Parties currently represented only in provincial assemblies

Party Founded Political position Leader Provincial Assemblies Local government
Head Councillors Local councils
Hamro Nepali Party
(Our Nepali Party)
हाम्रो नेपाली पार्टी
2022 Big tent Ananta Raj Ghimire Bagmati
2 / 110
Nepal Federal Socialist Party
नेपाल संघीय समाजवादी पार्टी
2016 Centre-left Mohammad Rizwan Ansari Madhesh
1 / 107

Parties represented only in local government

Party Political position Leader Local government
Head Councillors Local councils
People's Progressive Party
जनता प्रगतिशील पार्टी
Centre-left Hridayesh Tripathi
1 / 753
22 / 35,097
Marchawari
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party
(Terai Madhesh Democratic Party)
तराई-मधेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी
Brikhesh Chandra Lal
1 / 753
12 / 35,097
Janakpur &
Mahottari
Bibeksheel Sajha Party
विवेकशील साझा पार्टी
Samikshya Baskota
1 / 753
11 / 35,097
Pheta
Nepal Janata Party
(Nepal People's Party)
नेपाल जनता पार्टी
Right-wing Tribhuvan Nath Pathak
10 / 35,097
Kamala &
Kotahimai
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch
(Federal Democratic National Front)
संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक राष्ट्रिय मञ्च
Centre-left Kumar Lingden
9 / 35,097
Chulachuli,
Kankai,
Pathibhara Yanwarak &
Sidingwa
Nepali Congress (B.P.)
नेपाली कांग्रेस (बि.पी.)
Centre-left Sushil Man Sherchan
7 / 35,097
Amargadhi &
Ganyapadhura
Nepal Loktantrik Party
(Nepal Democratic Party)
नेपाल लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टी
Centre-left Bhanuram Dagaura Tharu
7 / 35,097
Kalaiya &
Lamki Chuha
Rastriya Janamukti Party
(National People's Liberation Party)
राष्ट्रिय जनमुक्ति पार्टी
Centre-left Khadak Prasad Palungwa
7 / 35,097
Butwal,

Kaligandaki &
Mangsebung

Bahujan Shakti Party
(Bahujan Power Party)
बहुजन शक्ति पार्टी
Centre-left Bishwendra Paswan
6 / 35,097
Krishnanagar &

Lakshminiya

Bahujan Ekata Party Nepal
(Bahujan Unity Party Nepal)
बहुजन एकता पार्टी नेपाल
Left-wing Harinandan Kumar Ranjan
5 / 35,097
Barahathawa
Nepal Sushashan Party
(Nepal Good Governance Party)
नेपाल सुशासन पार्टी
Ramesh Prasad Kharel
4 / 35,097
Pokhariya
Communist Party of Nepal Maoist Socialist
नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी माओवादी समाजवादी
Left-wing Karnajit Budhathoki
2 / 35,097
Sarkegadh
Nepal Sadbhavana Party
(Nepal Goodwill Party)
नेपाल सद्भावना पार्टी
Ram Kumar Mahato
1 / 35,097
Chhinnamasta

Other parties

Party Political position Leader
Nepal Pariwar Dal Centre-right Ek Nath Dhakal
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) Left-wing Chandra Prakash Mainali
Shree Mahendra Dal(Shreemad), Nepal Sushil K. Bisht
Khambuwan Rashtriya Morcha, Nepal Ram Kumar Rai
Bouddhik Prajatantrik Parishad Laxman Rajbanshi
Jana Jagaran Party Nepal Lokmani Dhakal
Samajvadi Janata Party Centre-left Prem Bahadur Singh
Sanghiya Loktantrik Rastriya Manch (Tharuhat) Rukmini Chaudhary
Madhesh Terai Forum Amar Yadav
Nepal Communist Party (Marxist) Far-left Prakash Adhikari
Communist Party of Nepal Far-left Rishi Ram Kattel
Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum Madhesh Bhagya Nath Gupta
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist-Socialist) Far-left Bishnu Raj Aryal
Shiva Sena Nepal Right-wing to far-right Arun Subedi
Nepal Sukumbasi Party (Loktantrik) Hukum Bahadur Lama
Bahujan Samaj Party Nepal Centre-left Ganga Prasad Mahara
Deshbhakta Paryabaraniya Samajik Morcha Centre Surendra Prasad Dhakal
Rastrabadi Ekta Party Uma Shrestha
Tamangsaling Loktantrik Party
Lok Dal Kaushal Kumar Singh
Deshbhakta Samaj
Janashakti Nepal Ram Kumar Ojha
Miteri Party Nepal
Rastriya Churebhavar Party
Rastriya Shiva Sena Party Right-wing Bikram Bahadur Bam
Akhanda Sudurpashchim Party Nepal Khagendra Awasthi
Nepal Prajatantrik Pragatisheel Party
Churebhavar Rastriya Party
Pichhadabarga Nishad Dalit Janajati Party
Janasamajvadi Party, Nepal Centre-left
Churebhavar Rastriya Ekta Party Nepal Badri Neupanea
Rastriya Janata Dal Nepal Bharat Prasad Mahato
Lok Kalyankari Janata Party, Nepal
Nepal Samajbadi Party (Lohiyabadi) Centre-left
Gandhivadi Party Nepal
Rastravadi Party
Nepal Purvarastrasevak Loktantrik Party
Nepal Janaloktantrik Party
Nepal People's Party
Rastriya Jana Ekta Party
Hamro Party
Nepal Dalit Party
Hamro Party Nepal
Yuva Nepal Party
Nepal Loktantrik Janata Congress Party
Nepal Samajwadi Janata Dal Left-wing
Nepal Bahudal Party Ambika Rana
Prajatantrik Shakti Party Centre-right Ganesh Bahadur Shrestha
Nepali Jantantra Party
People's Progressive Party Centre-left Jukti Jung Lamichhane
Unnat Loktantra Party N/A Swagat Nepal

Defunct parties

This is a list of defunct political parties of Nepal that have had some representation in the legislature.

Party Founded Defunct
Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad[8] 1951 Unknown
Communist Party of Nepal 1949 1962
Nepal Praja Parishad[9] 1951 1961
Samyukta Prajatantra Party[10] 1955 Unknown
Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic) 1979 1991
Samyukta Janamorcha Nepal 1991 2002
Communist Party of Nepal (United) 1991 2005
Nepal Sadbhawana Party 1981 2017
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand) 1997 1998
Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) 1998 2002
Nepali Congress (Democratic) 2002 2007
Janamorcha Nepal 2002 2009
Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) 2003 2015
Communist Party of Nepal (Unified) 2007 2013
Rastriya Janashakti Party 2007 2013
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal 2007 2015
Sadbhavana Party 2007 2017
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party 2007 2017
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik) 2009 2017
Communist Party of Nepal Marxist−Leninist (Samajbadi) 2010 2013
Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal 2010 2013
Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican) 2011 2017
Federal Socialist Party, Nepal 2012 2015
Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi Party 2013 2017
Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party 2013 2017
Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal 2015 2019
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal 2016 2019
Nepal Loktantrik Forum 2017 2017
Rastriya Janata Party Nepal 2017 2020
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic) 2017 2020
Nepal Communist Party 2018 2021
Samajbadi Party, Nepal 2019 2020
Rastriya Sadbhavana Party Unknown 2013
Akhanda Nepal Party Unknown 2017
Sanghiya Sadbhavana Party Unknown 2017
Samajbadi Janata Party Unknown Unknown

See also

References

  1. "दर्ता भएका राजनीतिक दलहरु (अधावधिक सुची)" (PDF). Election Commission.
  2. 1 2 "Criteria for nat'l parties: 3 percent vote share, 1 FPTP seat a must". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  3. "Seven parties secure national party status so far: Election Commission". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  4. 1 2 "प्रतिनिधिसभामा १२ दल, राष्ट्रिय पार्टी ७ मात्रै". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-12-06.
  5. "Xi's Myanmar visit and China's Regional Diplomacy". Observer Research Foundation. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020. President Xi's visit to Nepal in October 2019 came when the ruling communist party in Nepal has consolidated power following the merger of two major left-wing parties to form Nepal Communist Party (NCP) in May 2018.
  6. "Maoist Center and NSP jointly registered at EC". My República. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
  7. "3 pc threshold proposed for parliamentary polls". My República. Retrieved 2022-12-08.
  8. Bajracharya, Bhadra Ratha/Sharma, Sita Ram/Bakshi S.R.. Political development in Nepal. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1993. p. 114, 115
  9. Whelpton, John (2005), A History of Nepal, New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 96, ISBN 978-0521804707
  10. Śrīvāstava, Kāśī Prasāda (1986). Nepāla kā itihāsa (in Hindi). Atmaram & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7043-045-2.
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