|
This page lists public opinion polls in connection with the 1996 Russian presidential election.
First round
Candidates passing the second round are given in bold.
1992 polls
Date | Agency | Zhirinovsky | Yeltsin | Tuleyev | Rutskoy | Other | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
December 1992[1] | PPRS | 4 | 28 | 11 | 8 | — | 14 | 27 | Bakatin 4 |
Makashov 4 |
1993 polls
Date | Agency | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Rutskoy | Shakhray | Travkin | Nemtsov | Sobchak | Volsky | Shumeyko | Borovoi | Skokov | Khasbulatov | Other | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 January 1993[2] | VCIOM | 3 | 2 | 48 | — | — | 1 | — | 2 | 12 | — | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 18 | 4 | — |
10–23 November 1993[3] | VCIOM | — | 4.1 | 22.7 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | — | 24.8 | 4.3 | 0.7 | — |
1994 polls
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Rutskoy | Shakray | Travkin | Pamfilova | Baburin | Sobchak | Volsky | Shumeyko | Rybkin | Other | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
late-March 1994[4] | FOM | 4 | 7 | 5 | — | 13 | — | — | 2 | — | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 20 | 17 | — |
25 June 1994[5] | VCIOM | 1 | 10 | 5 | — | 16 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 15 | 24 | Luzhkov, Popov, and Skokov 0 |
late-June 1994[4] | FOM | 2 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 12 | — | 2 | 3 | — | 4 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | 5 | 14 | 21 | — |
July 1994[6] | Mnenie Poll Service | 3.8 | 9.1 | 5.9 | — | 11.3 | — | — | 2.6 | — | 4.0 | 6.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37.7 | 18.5 | — |
July 1994[6] | Mnenie Poll Service | 4.1 | 10.7 | 5.7 | — | — | — | — | 3.8 | — | 6.9 | 7.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 41.1 | 19.8 | — |
6 September 1994[7] | VCIOM | 2 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 35 | Khasbulatov 1 |
Lakhova and Skokov 0 |
1995 polls
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Rutskoy | Shakray | Travkin | Pamfilova | Baburin | B. Fyodorov | Nemtsov | Sobchak | Volsky | Shumeyko | Rybkin | Solzhenitsyn | Luzhkov | Kovalev | Borovoi | Dudayev | Lakhova | Romanov | Shokhin | Lapshin | Skokov | Khasbulatov | Ryzhkov | Barkashov | Gromov | Grachev | Kozyrev | Govorukhin | Yakubovich | Rossel | Anpilov | Abdulatipov | Other | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 January 1995[8] | VCIOM | 2 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 38 | — |
20 February 1995[9] | VCIOM | 6 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | 26 | — |
30 March 1995[10] | VCIOM | 5 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 22 | — |
30 March 1995[11] | VCIOM | 5 | 10 | 5 | — | 7 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | — |
20 April 1995[12] | VCIOM | 5 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | 19 | — |
10 May 1995[13] | VCIOM | 5 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 0 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | 1 | 1 | 4 | — | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | — |
25 May 1995[14] | Obschchaya Gazeta | 9 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 3 | — | 5 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | 9 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Soskovets 1 |
20 June 1995[15] | VCIOM | 7 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 20 | — |
7 July 1995[16] | VCIOM | 4.2 | 8.1 | 6.3 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 5.5 | — | — | — | 3.7 | 3.5 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.7 | 2.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
7 July 1995[17][18][19][20] | CESSI | 6 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 7 | — | — | 10 | — | 3 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 23 | — | Starovoytova 2 |
Chubais 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 July 1995[16] | VCIOM | 3.9 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 7.9 | 2.6 | 5.5 | — | 3.4 | — | — | — | 3.5 | 2.6 | — | — | 3.5 | 2.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14.4 | — | — | — |
July 1995[21] | FOM | — | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | 22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 33 | — |
30 July 1995[22] | VCIOM | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 0 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 22 | — | — |
September 1995[21] | FOM | — | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 31 | — |
10 October 1995[23] | VCIOM | 11 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | — | 2 | — | 18 | |
11 October 1995[24] | IFES | 6 | 12 | 5 | 14 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
20 November 1995[25] | VCIOM | 10 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | — | 0 | — | 1 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | 25 | 5 | Shcherbakov 0 |
10 December 1995[26] | VCIOM | 15 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | — | 0 | — | 1 | — | — | 0 | 0 | — | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | — | 13 | — |
21 December 1995[27] | VCIOM | 6 | — | 6 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
1996 polls
January
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Rutskoy | Travkin | Pamfilova | Baburin | B. Fyodorov | Nemtsov | Sobchak | Volsky | Rybkin | Solzhenitsyn | Luzhkov | Kovalev | Borovoi | Dudayev | Lakhova | Romanov | Skokov | Ryzhkov | Govorukhin | Rossel | Other | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 14.2 | 13.6 | — | 14.9 | — | — | — | 12.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
January 1996[28] | VCIOM | 21 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
January 1996[29] | IISS | 15 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
28 January 1996[30][31] | VCIOM | 20 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 7 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
29 January 1996[32] | VCIOM | 11.3 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
30 January 1996[33] | VCIOM | 18 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | — | 11 | — |
10-31 January 1996[34] | VCIOM | 12 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 11 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 44 | — | — | — |
February
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Rutskoy | Shakhray | Travkin | Pamfilova | Baburin | B. Fyodorov | Nemtsov | Sobchak | Volsky | Rybkin | Solzhenitsyn | Luzhkov | Borovoi | Lakhova | Skokov | Ryzhkov | Barkashov | Grachev | Govorukhin | Anpilov | Rossel | Other | Against All | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 February 1996[32] | New York Times | 14 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
15 February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 16.4 | 12.9 | 8.8 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
15 February 1996[35] | VCIOM | 21 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 7 | — | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | — | 9 | — |
15 February 1996[36] | VCIOM | 22 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | — | 13 | — | Khakamada 1 |
February 1996[37] | ISNP | 16.4 | 12.5 | — | — | 10.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
February 1996[29] | IISS | 18 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Mid-February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 16.4 | 12.9 | 8.8 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Mid-February 1996[30][31] | VCIOM | 24 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
18 February 1996[30] | ROMIR | 18 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 8 | — | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
25 February 1996[38] | VCIOM | 18.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 0.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
29 February 1996[39] | VCIOM | 18.0 | 9.0 | 12.0 | 6.0 | 11.9 | 5.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
March
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Shakkum | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Travkin | Pamfilova | Baburin | B. Fyodorov | Nemtsov | Sobchak | Volsky | Rybkin | Solzhenitsyn | Luzhkov | Borovoi | Lakhova | Lapshin | Ryzhkov | Govorukhin | Rossel | Other | Against All | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 March 1996[30] | FOM | 20 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 14 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
March 1996[37] | ISNP | 25.8 | 12.9 | — | — | 17.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
15 March 1996[40] | VCIOM | 24 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 17 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | — | — | 8 | Khakamada 0 |
Mid-March 1996[30] | RIISNP | 25.8 | 13.2 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 17.0 | 7.6 | 1.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
17 March 1996[30][31][28] | VCIOM | 25 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 25.8 | 9.0 | 7.0 | — | 17.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
10–18 March 1996[30][37][41] | CESSI | 19.1 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 14.0 | 2.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
late-March 1996[31] | ROMIR | 27 | — | 9 | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
late-March 1996[28] | VCIOM | 20 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
30 March 1996[42] | VCIOM | 23 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 18 | 7 | 1 | — | 5 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | — | 11 | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 27 | — | — | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 26 | 9 | 7 | — | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
31 March 1996[43][44][45][46] | FOM | 21 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 19 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 10 | 2 | 14 | 6 | — |
End of March 1996[37][31] | VCIOM | 25 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 18 | 7 | — | — | 4 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
April
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Bryntsalov | Vlasov | Starovoytova | Ushakov | Chernomyrdin | Tuleyev | Gaidar | Rutskoy | Shakray | Travkin | Pamfilova | Baburin | B. Fyodorov | Nemtsov | Sobchak | Volsky | Rybkin | Solzhenitsyn | Luzhkov | Lakhova | Lapshin | Ryzhkov | Barkashov | Gromov | Govorukhin | Anpilov | Abdulatipov | Other | Against all | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 April 1996 | VCIOM[47] | 26 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 28 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | 7 | Tarasov 1 |
Mavrodi and Podoprigora 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 April 1996[48][43][45] | FOM | 25 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 9 | 4 | 18 | — |
10 April 1996[30][31] | VCIOM | 26 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
13 April 1996[48][43][45] | FOM | 22 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 23 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 1 | 18 | — |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 27.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 22.0 | 6.0 | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
April 1996[29] | IISS | 25 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
10–15 April[30] | ISP | 38–47 | 8–9 | 6–7 | 8–10 | 16–20 | 2–4 | 1–2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
15 April 1996[49] | VCIOM | 25 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 21 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — | — | 12 | Khakamada, and Shcherbakov 0 |
Mid-April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 28.0 | 12.7 | 8.5 | 10.3 | 23.8 | 6.7 | 1.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
17 April 1996[50][51] | VCIOM | 26.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 10.0 | 18.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
20 April 1996[48] | FOM | 22 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 22 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 5 | 18 | — |
22 April 1996[30][41] | CESSI | 19.8 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 20.7 | 3.2 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
24 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 27.0 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 21.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
24 April 1996[51] | CESSI | 19.8 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 20.8 | 3.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
May
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Bryntsalov | Vlasov | Shakkum | Starovoytova | Ushakov | Tuleyev | Podoprigora | Other | Against all | Undecided | Wouldn't vote | Additional candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27 April-2 May[30] | ISP | 43–45 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 25 | 3 | 1–2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
5 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 27.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 28.0 | 7.0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
5 May 1996[30][51][52][53][54] | ROMIR | 28.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 28.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | — | — |
5 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 25 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 29.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
11–12 May 1996[55] | FOM | 28 | 18 | — | 14 | 32 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
12 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 25 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 32 | 3.0 | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
9–14 May 1996[41][30][55] | CESSI | 19.3 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 27.7 | 3.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
14 May 1996[54] | 27 | — | — | — | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
May 1996[30] | RIISNP | 22.4 | 13.3 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 35.2 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | — | — | 3.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
15 May 1996[56] | VCIOM | 22 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 36 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 0 | 3 | — | — |
17 May 1996[30] | ISP | 42 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 27.0 | 3.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
19 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 26.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 33.0 | 4.0 | 0.5 | — | 0.4 | 0.5 | — | — | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
19 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 27.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 31.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | — | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
6–24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 13.9 | 6.0 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 23.5 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | — | 43.7 | — | Ubozhko 0.8 |
Nobody 0.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
N/A 0.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
6–24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 19.4 | 12.5 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 29.5 | 6.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 11.4 | — | — | — | Tarasov 0.3 |
Mavrodi 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
N/A 4.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||
26 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 24.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 35.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | — | — | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
24–28 May 1996[30] | ISP | 36 | 10 | 5–7 | 7–8 | 36 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
30 May 1996[41][58] | CESSI | 19.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 32.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
31 May 1996[59] | FOM | 22 | — | — | — | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
June
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Bryntsalov | Vlasov | Shakkum | Tuleyev | Against all | Wouldn't vote |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 June 1996[30] | VCIOM | 26.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 37.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | — | — | — | — | — |
3 June 1996[30] | ROMIR | 23 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — | — |
7 June 1996[30] | ISP | 31 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 40 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
9 June 1996[60] | FOM | 30 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 34 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — |
8–10 June 1996[30][61] | ROMIR | 23 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 34 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — | — |
10 June 1996[62] | VCIOM | 24 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 39 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 10 |
5–11 June 1996[30][61][63][60] | VCIOM | 24.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 36.0 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.0 | — | — |
13 June 1996[63] | Sovetskaya Rossiya | 36 | — | — | — | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
13 June 1996[63] | ISP | 31 | — | — | — | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
13 June 1996[30][60][64] | Betanelli | 35.6 | 9.8 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 32.7 | 9.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
June 1996[65] | VCIOM | 19 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 33 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | 2 | 11 | |
June 1996[66] | VCIOM | 22 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 39 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
16 June 1996 | Election result | 32.5 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 14.7 | 35.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.6 | — |
Exit polls
Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Gorbachev | Bryntsalov | Vlasov | Shakkum | Tuleyev | Against all |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CESSI[67] | 29 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Election result | 32.5 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 14.7 | 35.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 1.6 |
Second round
Polls before runoff
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yeltsin | Against all | Not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[68] | VCIOM | 19 | 23 | — | 58 | — |
January 1996[39][37] | VCIOM | 41 | 21 | — | — | — |
January 1996 [31] | VCIOM | 33 | 19 | 20 | 15 | 13 |
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | 18 | 22 | 15 | 12 |
30 January 1996[69] | VCIOM | 36 | 25 | 32 | 7 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | 19 | 20 | 15 | 13 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 32.3 | 25.2 | 36.3 | — | — |
February 1996 [31] | VCIOM | 34 | 21 | 22 | 15 | 13 |
15 February 1996[70] | VCIOM | 36 | 26 | 24 | 14 | — |
Mid-February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 39 | 27 | 22 | 4 | 8 |
March 1996[37] | VCIOM | 37 | 29 | — | — | — |
mid-March[31] | VCIOM | 32 | 24 | 17 | 12 | 12 |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 36 | 33 | 18 | 3 | 10 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 40 | 31 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 32 | 24 | 36 | — | — |
late-March[31] | VCIOM | 30 | 29 | 21 | 12 | 10 |
late-March[31] | ROMIR | 40 | 30 | — | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 32 | 24 | 21 | 12 | 11 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 29 | 28 | 18 | 15 | 10 |
13 April 1996[43] | FOM | 17 | 22 | — | — | — |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 40 | 34 | — | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 36.5 | 31.7 | 20.8 | — | — |
17 April 1996[50][51][31] | VCIOM | 29 | 28 | 17 | 12 | 12 |
20 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 40 | 36 | — | — | — |
28 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 40 | 36 | — | — | — |
5 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 33 | 41 | — | — | — |
5 May 1996[54] | 36 | 40 | — | — | — | |
6 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 29 | 31 | 17 | 9 | 14 |
12 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | 37 | 15 | 9 | 8 |
12 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 32 | 42 | — | — | — |
14 May 1996[54] | 37 | 45 | — | — | — | |
May 1996[72] | ISP | 42 | 27 | — | — | — |
May 1996 [29] | IISS | 36-47 | 16-20 | — | — | — |
17 May 1996[41] | CESSI | 27 | 43.1 | — | — | 11.5 |
19 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 37 | 50 | 13 | — | — |
19 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 32 | 43 | — | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 35.2 | 48.3 | — | 16.5 | — |
26 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 36 | 52 | 12 | — | — |
26 May 1996[30] | ROMIR | 30 | 46 | — | — | — |
30 May 1996[41] | CESSI | 27.6 | 47.9 | — | — | 9.5 |
3 June 1996[30] | ROMIR | 31 | 49 | — | — | — |
12 June 1996[30] | VCIOM | 36 | 53 | 11 | — | — |
12 June 1996[30] | ROMIR | 30 | 46 | — | — | — |
Polls during runoff
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yeltsin | Against all | Not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 June 1996[73] | CNN/Moscow Times | 24.8 | 50.0 | — | — | — |
1 July 1996[74] | Betanelli | 38.5 | 56.0 | 5.0 | — | — |
3 July 1996 | Election result | 40.7 | 54.4 | 4.9 | — | — |
Exit polls
Agency | Zyuganov | Yeltsin | Against all | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CESSI[67] | 41 | 54 | — | |||
Election result | 40.7 | 54.4 | 4.9 |
Hypothetical polling
With Chernomyrdin
Date | Agency | Chernomyrdin | Lebed | Yavlinsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 34.6 | 65.4 | — | — | — | — |
39.1 | — | 60.9 | — | — | — | ||
With B. Fyodorov
Date | Agency | B. Fyodorov | Lebed | Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[75] | VCIOM | 28 | 20 | — | 28 | 24 | — |
May 10, 1995[76] | VCIOM | 31 | — | 9 | 40 | 20 | — |
With S. Fyodorov
Date | Agency | S. Fyodorov | Gaidar | Yavlinsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[77] | VCIOM | 41 | 17 | — | — | 42 | — |
20 April 1995[78] | VCIOM | 30 | — | 31 | 19 | 19 | — |
With Gaidar
Date | Agency | Gaidar | S. Fyodorov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 May 1994[79] | VCIOM | 38 | — | — | 14 | — | — | 48 | — |
20 February 1995[77] | VCIOM | 17 | 41 | — | — | — | — | 42 | — |
May 10, 1995[3] | VCIOM | 20.4 | — | 29.6 | — | — | — | 50 | — |
10–23 November 1995[80] | VCIOM | 26 | — | — | — | 20 | 38 | 17 | — |
With Lebed
Graph of Lebed–Yavlinsky polls |
---|
Graph of Lebed–Zyuganov polls |
---|
Date | Agency | Lebed | Chernomyrdin | B. Fyodorov | Yavlinsky | Yeltsin | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[75] | VCIOM | 20 | — | 28 | — | — | — | — | 24 | — |
10 January 1996[30] | ROMIR | 35 | — | — | — | — | 29 | — | — | — |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 65.4 | 34.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
47.25 | — | — | 52.75 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
57.9 | — | — | — | — | 42.1 | — | — | — | ||
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | — | — | — | — | 28 | 20 | 12 | 12 |
30 January 1996[81][82][83] | VCIOM | 32 | — | — | 39 | — | — | 33 | 21 | 6 |
40 | — | — | — | 22 | — | 32 | 6 | — | ||
34 | — | — | — | — | 33 | 27 | 7 | — | ||
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 23 | — | — | — | — | 31 | 24 | 12 | 10 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 24.9 | — | — | — | — | 29.3 | 38.7 | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 35 | — | — | 32 | — | — | — | — | — |
24 | — | — | — | 28 | — | 50 | — | — | ||
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 23 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 24 | 12 | 11 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | — | — | — | — | 26 | 18 | 16 | 12 |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 24.8 | — | — | — | — | 35.4 | 27.1 | — | — |
Isolated table of Lebed–Zyuganov polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Lebed | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 January 1996[30] | ROMIR | 35 | 29 | — | — | — |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 57.9 | 42.1 | — | — | — |
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | 28 | 20 | 12 | 12 |
30 January 1996[83] | VCIOM | 34 | 33 | 27 | 7 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 23 | 31 | 24 | 12 | 10 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 24.9 | 29.3 | 38.7 | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 23 | 30 | 24 | 12 | 11 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | 26 | 18 | 16 | 12 |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 24.8 | 35.4 | 27.1 | — | — |
With Nemtsov
Date | Agency | Nemtsov | Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 10, 1995[84] | VCIOM | 31 | 10 | 42 | 17 | — |
With Pamfilova
Date | Agency | Pamfilova | Yavlinsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[85] | VCIOM | 20 | 34 | — | 46 | — |
With Rutskoy
Date | Agency | Rutskoy | Yavlinsky | Yeltsin | Vladimir Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10–23 November 1993[3] | VCIOM | 15.7 | 37.4 | — | — | — | 46.9 | — |
June 1994[86] | FOM | 19 | — | 24 | — | 30 | 18 | 9 |
20 February 1995[77] | VCIOM | 25 | — | — | 11 | — | 64 | — |
With Yavlinsky
Graph of Lebed–Yavlinsky polls |
---|
Graph of Yavlinsky–Yeltsin polls |
---|
Graph of Yavlinsky–Zyuganov polls |
---|
Date | Agency | Yavlinsky | Chernomyrdin | S. Fyodorov | Gaidar | Lebed | Pamfilova | Rutskoy | Yeltsin | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10–23 November 1993[3] | VCIOM | 37.4 | — | — | — | — | — | 15.7 | — | — | — | 46.9 | — |
20 February 1995[68][85][87] | VCIOM | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14 | — | — | 51 | — |
34 | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | — | — | — | 46 | — | ||
38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17 | — | 45 | — | ||
20 April 1995[78] | VCIOM | 31 | — | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 19 | 19 | — |
May 10, 1995[3] | VCIOM | 29.6 | — | — | 20.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | — |
September 22, 1995[20] | Moscow Kurranty | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 18 | 21 | 18 | 17 |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 60.9 | 39.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
52.75 | — | — | — | 47.25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
54.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 42.5 | — | — | — | ||
January 1996[39] | VCIOM | 36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 36 | — | — |
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 17 | 11 | 12 |
30 January 1996[81][88] | VCIOM | 39 | — | — | — | 33 | — | — | — | — | 21 | 6 | — |
39 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 32 | 24 | 6 | — | ||
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28 | 15 | 11 | 12 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 35.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20.1 | — | 37.1 | — | — |
34.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29.2 | 31.4 | — | — | ||
Mid-February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 37 | 19 | 4 | 7 |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 17 | 6 | 11 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 38 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 32 | — | — | — | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
35 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20 | — | 37 | — | — | ||
34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 31 | — | — | ||
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 16 | 10 | 14 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 27 | 14 | 15 | 13 |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 39 | — | — | — |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31 | — | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 28.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26.8 | — | 30.1 | — | — |
31.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 36.0 | 20.3 | — | — | ||
12 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 41 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 19 | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 23.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55.1 | — | — | 21.8 | — |
38.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 26.6 | — | 34.7 | — |
Isolated table of Yavlinsky–Yeltsin polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Yavlinsky | Yeltsin | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[68] | VCIOM | 35 | 14 | — | 51 | — |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 35.2 | 20.1 | 37.1 | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 35 | 20 | 37 | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 28.0 | 26.8 | 30.1 | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 23.1 | 55.1 | — | 21.8 | — |
Isolated table of Yavlinsky–Zyuganov polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Yavlinsky | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[87] | VCIOM | 38 | 17 | — | 45 | — |
September 22, 1995[20] | Moscow Kurranty | 26 | 18 | 21 | 18 | 17 |
January 1996[39] | VCIOM | 36 | 34 | 36 | — | — |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 54.5 | 42.5 | — | — | — |
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | 27 | 17 | 11 | 12 |
30 January 1996[88] | VCIOM | 39 | 32 | 24 | 6 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 34 | 28 | 15 | 11 | 12 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 34.2 | 29.2 | 31.4 | — | — |
Mid-February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | 37 | 19 | 4 | 7 |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 32 | 34 | 17 | 6 | 11 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 29 | 38 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 34 | 29 | 31 | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | 29 | 16 | 10 | 14 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | 27 | 14 | 15 | 13 |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 28 | 39 | — | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 31.0 | 36.0 | 20.3 | — | — |
12 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 41 | 40 | 19 | — | — |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 34 | 31 | — | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 38.7 | 26.6 | — | 34.7 | — |
With Yeltsin
Graph of Yavlinsky–Yeltsin polls |
---|
Graph of Zhirinvosky–Yeltsin polls |
---|
Date | Agency | Yeltsin | Lebed | Rutskoy | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
End of 1993[89] | ROMIR | 21 | — | — | — | 16 | — | 7 | 22 |
June 1994[86] | FOM | 24 | — | 19 | — | — | 30 | 18 | 9 |
25 June 1994 [90] | VCIOM | 42 | — | — | — | 11 | — | 36 | 12 |
20 February 1995[91] | VCIOM | 24 | — | — | — | 11 | — | 64 | — |
30 January 1996[82][92] | VCIOM | 22 | 40 | — | — | — | — | 32 | 6 |
29 | — | — | — | 19 | 45 | 7 | — | ||
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 20.1 | — | — | 35.2 | — | 37.1 | — | — |
20 February 1995[68] | VCIOM | 14 | — | — | 35 | — | — | 51 | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 28 | 24 | — | — | — | 50 | — | — |
20 | — | — | 35 | — | 37 | — | — | ||
28.5 | — | — | — | 14 | 39 | — | — | ||
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 28.0 | 26.8 | — | — | — | 30.1 | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 55.1 | — | — | 23.1 | — | — | 21.8 | — |
Isolated table of Yavlinsky–Yeltsin polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Yavlinsky | Yeltsin | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[68] | VCIOM | 35 | 14 | — | 51 | — |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 35.2 | 20.1 | 37.1 | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 35 | 20 | 37 | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 28.0 | 26.8 | 30.1 | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 23.1 | 55.1 | — | 21.8 | — |
Isolated table of Yeltsin–Zhirinovsky polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Yeltsin | Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
End of 1993[89] | ROMIR | 21 | 16 | — | 7 | 22 |
25 June 1994 [90] | VCIOM | 42 | 11 | — | 36 | 12 |
20 February 1995[91] | VCIOM | 24 | 11 | — | 64 | — |
30 January 1996[92] | VCIOM | 29 | 19 | 45 | 7 | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 28.5 | 14 | 39 | — | — |
With Zhirinovsky
Graph of Zhirinvosky–Yeltsin polls |
---|
Graph of Zhirinovsky–Zyuganov polls |
---|
Date | Agency | Zhirinovsky | B. Fyodorov | Gaidar | Nemtsov | Rutskoy | Yeltsin | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
End of 1993[89] | ROMIR | 16 | — | — | — | — | 21 | — | — | 7 | 22 |
20 May 1994[79] | VCIOM | 14 | — | 38 | — | — | — | — | — | 48 | — |
25 June 1994 [90] | VCIOM | 11 | — | — | — | — | 42 | — | — | 36 | 12 |
20 February 1995[77][91] | VCIOM | 11 | — | — | — | 25 | — | — | — | 64 | — |
11 | — | — | — | — | 24 | — | — | 64 | — | ||
May 10, 1995[76][84] | VCIOM | 9 | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 20 | — |
31 | — | — | 10 | — | — | — | 42 | 17 | — | ||
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 26 | 14 | 10 |
30 January 1996[92][93] | VCIOM | 19 | — | — | — | — | 29 | — | 45 | 7 | — |
18 | — | — | — | — | 39 | 36 | 7 | — | |||
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 26 | 14 | 11 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 11.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 33.6 | 47.1 | — | — |
28 February 1996[94] | VCIOM | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | 39 | 38 | 11 | — |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 32 | 7 | 8 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | 44 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 14 | — | — | — | — | 28.5 | — | 39 | — | — |
11 | — | — | — | — | — | 34 | 47 | — | — | ||
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 32 | 12 | 8 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | 33 | 30 | 18 | 7 |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 11.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 37.2 | 41.2 | — | — |
Isolated table of Yeltsin–Zhirinovsky polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Yeltsin | Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
End of 1993[89] | ROMIR | 21 | 16 | — | 7 | 22 |
25 June 1994 [90] | VCIOM | 42 | 11 | — | 36 | 12 |
20 February 1995[91] | VCIOM | 24 | 11 | — | 64 | — |
30 January 1996[92] | VCIOM | 29 | 19 | 45 | 7 | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 28.5 | 14 | 39 | — | — |
Isolated table of Zhirinvosky–Zyuganov polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Zhirinovsky | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 15 | 35 | 26 | 14 | 10 |
30 January 1996[93] | VCIOM | 18 | 39 | 36 | 7 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 14 | 35 | 26 | 14 | 11 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 11.2 | 33.6 | 47.1 | — | — |
28 February 1996[94] | VCIOM | 12 | 39 | 38 | 11 | — |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 13 | 40 | 32 | 7 | 8 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 13 | 44 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 11 | 34 | 47 | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 13 | 35 | 32 | 12 | 8 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 12 | 33 | 30 | 18 | 7 |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 11.2 | 37.2 | 41.2 | — | — |
With Zyuganov
Graph of Lebed–Zyuganov polls |
---|
Graph of Yavlinsky–Zyuganov polls |
---|
Graph of Zhirinovksy–Zyuganov polls |
---|
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Gaidar | Lebed | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[87] | VCIOM | 17 | — | — | 38 | — | — | 45 | — |
September 22, 1995[20] | Moscow Kurranty | 18 | — | — | 26 | — | 21 | 18 | 17 |
10–23 November 1995[80] | VCIOM | 20 | 26 | — | — | — | 38 | 17 | — |
January 1996[39] | VCIOM | 34 | — | — | 36 | — | 36 | — | — |
10 January 1996[30] | ROMIR | 29 | — | 35 | — | — | — | — | — |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 42.1 | — | 57.9 | — | — | — | — | — |
42.5 | — | — | 54.5 | — | — | — | — | ||
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | — | 28 | — | — | 20 | 12 | 12 |
27 | — | — | 33 | — | 17 | 11 | 12 | ||
35 | — | — | — | 15 | 26 | 14 | 10 | ||
30 January 1996[83][88][93] | VCIOM | 33 | — | 34 | — | — | 27 | 7 | — |
32 | — | — | 39 | — | 24 | 6 | — | ||
39 | — | — | — | 18 | 36 | 7 | — | ||
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | — | 23 | — | — | 24 | 12 | 10 |
28 | — | — | 34 | — | 15 | 11 | 12 | ||
35 | — | — | — | 14 | 26 | 14 | 11 | ||
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 29.3 | — | 24.9 | — | — | 38.7 | — | — |
29.2 | — | — | 34.2 | — | 31.4 | — | — | ||
33.6 | — | — | — | 11.2 | 47.1 | — | — | ||
Mid-February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 37 | — | — | 33 | — | 19 | 4 | 7 |
28 February 1996[94] | VCIOM | 39 | — | — | — | 12 | 38 | 11 | — |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 34 | — | — | 32 | — | 17 | 6 | 11 |
40 | — | — | — | 13 | 32 | 7 | 8 | ||
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 38 | — | — | 29 | — | — | — | — |
44 | — | — | — | 13 | — | — | — | ||
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 29 | — | — | 34 | — | 31 | — | — |
34 | — | — | — | 11 | 47 | — | — | ||
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 30 | — | 23 | — | — | 24 | 12 | 11 |
31 | — | — | 31 | — | 16 | 10 | 14 | ||
35 | — | — | — | 13 | 32 | 12 | 8 | ||
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 26 | — | 28 | — | — | 18 | 16 | 12 |
27 | — | — | 31 | — | 14 | 15 | 13 | ||
33 | — | — | — | 12 | 30 | 18 | 7 | ||
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 39 | — | — | 28 | — | — | — | — |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 31 | — | — | 34 | — | — | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 35.4 | — | 24.8 | — | — | 27.1 | — | — |
36.0 | — | — | 31.0 | — | 20.3 | — | — | ||
37.2 | — | — | — | 11.2 | 41.2 | — | — | ||
12 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 40 | — | — | 41 | — | 19 | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 26.6 | — | — | 38.7 | — | — | 34.7 | — |
Isolated table of Lebed–Zyuganov polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Lebed | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 January 1996[30] | ROMIR | 35 | 29 | — | — | — |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 57.9 | 42.1 | — | — | — |
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | 28 | 20 | 12 | 12 |
30 January 1996[83] | VCIOM | 34 | 33 | 27 | 7 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 23 | 31 | 24 | 12 | 10 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 24.9 | 29.3 | 38.7 | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 23 | 30 | 24 | 12 | 11 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 28 | 26 | 18 | 16 | 12 |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 24.8 | 35.4 | 27.1 | — | — |
Isolated table of Yavlinsky–Zyuganov polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Yavlinsky | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 February 1995[87] | VCIOM | 38 | 17 | — | 45 | — |
September 22, 1995[20] | Moscow Kurranty | 26 | 18 | 21 | 18 | 17 |
January 1996[39] | VCIOM | 36 | 34 | 36 | — | — |
14 January 1996[27] | FOM | 54.5 | 42.5 | — | — | — |
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | 27 | 17 | 11 | 12 |
30 January 1996[88] | VCIOM | 39 | 32 | 24 | 6 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 34 | 28 | 15 | 11 | 12 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 34.2 | 29.2 | 31.4 | — | — |
Mid-February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 33 | 37 | 19 | 4 | 7 |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 32 | 34 | 17 | 6 | 11 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 29 | 38 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 34 | 29 | 31 | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | 29 | 16 | 10 | 14 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 31 | 27 | 14 | 15 | 13 |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 28 | 39 | — | — | — |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 31.0 | 36.0 | 20.3 | — | — |
12 May 1996[30] | VCIOM | 41 | 40 | 19 | — | — |
14 April 1996[30] | ROMIR | 34 | 31 | — | — | — |
6-24 May 1996[57] | VCIOM | 38.7 | 26.6 | — | 34.7 | — |
Isolated table of Zhirinvosky–Zyuganov polls | ||||||
Date | Agency | Zhirinovsky | Zyuganov | Against all | Would not vote | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 January 1996[30] | VCIOM | 15 | 35 | 26 | 14 | 10 |
30 January 1996[93] | VCIOM | 18 | 39 | 36 | 7 | — |
13 February 1996[30] | VCIOM | 14 | 35 | 26 | 14 | 11 |
February 1996[30] | RIISNP | 11.2 | 33.6 | 47.1 | — | — |
28 February 1996[94] | VCIOM | 12 | 39 | 38 | 11 | — |
17 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 13 | 40 | 32 | 7 | 8 |
17 March 1996[30] | ROMIR | 13 | 44 | — | — | — |
12–24 March 1996[71] | IISES | 11 | 34 | 47 | — | — |
31 March 1996[30] | VCIOM | 13 | 35 | 32 | 12 | 8 |
10 April 1996[30] | VCIOM | 12 | 33 | 30 | 18 | 7 |
April 1996[30] | RIISNP | 11.2 | 37.2 | 41.2 | — | — |
Subnational polls
Central Russia
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 7 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Centralno-Chernozemnyi
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 8 | 11 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
East Siberia
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Rybkin | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 3 | 19 | 11 | 24 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Far East Russia
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhray | Rybkin | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 9 | 12 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Moscow
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | S. Fyodorov | Luzhkov | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Rybkin | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 5 | 17 | 4 | 9 | 12 | — | — | 7 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
July 1995[95] | RCRF | — | 10.8 | — | 11.9 | — | 13.6 | 17.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
7-13 April 1996[45] | FOM | 11 | — | — | — | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
North/Northwest Russia
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 4 | 15 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
North Caucasus
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 10 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
Saint Petersburg
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Rybkin | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 6 | 18 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Tambov Oblast
- First round
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Yeltsin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
May 1996[96] | Vse Dyla Vas | 22 | 14.5 | 9.5 | 46 |
Urals
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 9 | 12 | 5 | 20 | 4 | 14 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Volga
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 2 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Volga-Vyatka
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 5 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
West Siberia
Date | Agency | Zyuganov | Yavlinsky | Zhirinovsky | Lebed | Yeltsin | Chernomyrdin | Gaidar | Solzhenitsyn | Rutskoy | Kozyrev | Starovoytova | Shumeyko | Shakhrai | Rybkin | Chubais | Grachev |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 1995[19] | CESSI | 5 | 12 | 4 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Sources
- ↑ White, Stephen; McAllister, Ian; Kryshtanovskaya, Olga (1994). "El'tsin and His Voters: Popular Support in the 1991 Russian Presidential Elections and after". Europe-Asia Studies. 46 (2): 285–303. doi:10.1080/09668139408412162. JSTOR 152706.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "На выборах президента в марте Григорий Явлинский собрал бы 7% голосов россиян, а в июне его шансы возросли бы на пять пунктов". www.bd.fom.ru (in Russian). FOM. 29 July 1994.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Klingemann, Hans-Dieter; Mnenie Poll Service, Moskau, Russland (1995): Political and Economic Problems Russia 1994. GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. ZA2818 Data file Version 1.0.0, doi:10.4232/1.2818". Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Russian Election Watch No. 2, June 2, 1995". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 2 June 1995. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Russian Election Watch, July 14, 1996". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 14 July 1995. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ↑ Ferguson, Gary (1995). Russia National Survey, 1995: Overview. IFES. ISBN 9781879720039. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
- ↑ "INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR ELECTION SYSTEMS OVERVIEW: RUSSIA NATIONAL SURVEY" (PDF). www.ifes.org. International Foundation for Election Systems. 1995. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ferguson, Gary (30 September 1995). "IFES RUSSIA NATIONAL SURVEY REGIONAL PROFILES" (PDF). www.ifes.org. International Foundation for Election Systems. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Russian Election Watch No. 9, October 1, 1995". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 1 October 1995. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- 1 2 "База данных ФОМ > В сентябре лидер "Яблока" существенно обогнал премьера по числу возможных голосов избирателей".
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Russian Election Watch No. 10, November 1, 1995". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 21 November 1995. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Russian Election Watch, January 26, 1996". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 26 January 1996. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
"Russian Election Watch, January 26, 1996". 26 January 1996. Archived from the original on 29 January 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2018. - 1 2 3 Shevtsova, Lilia (1999). Yeltsin's Russia Myths and Reality. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 156.
- 1 2 3 4 "What Would a Zyuganov Victory Mean?". Strategic Comments. 2 (4): 1–2. 14 May 1996. doi:10.1080/1356788960241.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 "Opinion Poll Data". www.acs.brockport.edu. ACS Brockport. 1996. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007.
"Opinion Poll Data". www.cs.ccsu.edu. CCSU. n.d. Retrieved 2 January 2018. - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hough, Jerry F.; Davidheiser, Evelyn; Lehmnn, Susan Goodrich (1996). The 1996 Russian Presidential Election. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. pp. 80–82. ISBN 9780815705161.
- 1 2 "Russian Election Watch, February 9, 1996". 9 February 1996. Archived from the original on 29 January 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ Rose, Richard (1996). "Yeltsin Faces the Electorate: Findings from Opinion Polling Data" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Russian Election Watch, April 8, 1996". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 8 April 1996. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
"Russian Election Watch, April 8, 1996". 8 April 1996. Archived from the original on 4 January 2001. Retrieved 2 January 2018. - ↑ Phillips, Richard (21 February 1996). "Yeltsin Trails Communists In Election Poll". www.chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Russian Election Watch, March 7, 1996". 7 March 1996. Archived from the original on 29 January 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Poll: Yeltsin gains support in Russian electorate". www.cnn.com. CNN. 1 June 1996. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "База данных ФОМ > Категории". bd.fom.ru. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ↑ "База данных ФОМ > В предвыборном марафоне по-прежнему лидируют Борис Ельцин и Геннадий Зюганов".
- 1 2 3 4 "База данных ФОМ > В середине апреля рейтинги Ельцина и Зюганова сравнялись".
- ↑ "Yeltsin Gains In Opinion Poll". www.chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. 5 April 1996. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 "База данных ФОМ > Рейтинги кандидатов в президенты к концу апреля стабилизировались".
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Russian Election Watch, April 18, 1996". 18 April 1996. Archived from the original on 29 January 2000. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 "Russian Election Watch, May 9, 1996". 9 May 1996. Archived from the original on 4 January 2001. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ Phillips, Hugh (n.d.). "OP #273 LEAVING THE PAST BEHIND: THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 1996" (PDF). www.wilsoncenter.org. Wilson Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- ↑ Orttung, Robert (6 May 1996). "POLLS SHOW YELTSIN, ZYUGANOV RUNNING NECK AND NECK.(Newsline - May 6, 1996)". www.rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 The Russian Presidential Election: Prospects and Implications parliament.uk 10 June 1996
- 1 2 "Russian Election Watch, June 12, 1996". 12 June 1996. Archived from the original on 4 January 2001. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vciom Moskau, Russland (1999). "Monitoring Russia 1996". GESIS Data Archive. doi:10.4232/1.3176.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ↑ Laurenzo, Ron (7 June 1996). "Reformers see Yeltsin as 'last resort'". www.upi.com. UPI. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
- ↑ McNally, Steve (31 May 1996). "Russia tries to 'rock' the youth vote". www.cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
- 1 2 3 "Poll Average Details- Russian President - First Round - 1996-06-16 23:00:00".
- 1 2 "Yeltsin condemns subway bombing". www.newspapers.com. Chicago Tribune. 13 June 1996. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 "Newsline - June 13, 1996". www.rferl.org. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 13 June 1996. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ↑ "CNN - Yeltsin, Zyuganov in statistical dead heat as campaign ends - June 14, 1996". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Russian Presidential Election, Recent Polling Results on the Presidential Election". 1996. Archived from the original on 28 January 2000. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ↑ Hockstader, Lee (14 May 1996). "AFTER TRAILING BADLY, YELTSIN TAKES LEAD IN RUSSIAN POLLS". Washington Post. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ↑ "CNN - Poll shows Yeltsin far ahead of rival - June 28, 1996". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ↑ "CNN - Communists charge Russian television with election law violation - July 2, 1996". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2001. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 https://wciom.ru/zh/print_q.php?s_id=431&q_id=34612&date=10.05.1995
- 1 2 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 "Если бы в последнем туре президентских выборов кандидатами остались Ельцин и Руцкой, то за первого проголосовал бы каждый четвертый, а за второго – каждый пятый опрошенный". www.bd.fom.ru (in Russian). FOM. 8 July 1994.
- 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 Miller, William L; White, Stephen; Heywood, Paul (1996). "Review: Twenty-Five Days to go: Measuring and Interpreting the Trends in Public Opinion During the 1993 Russian Election Campaign". The Public Opinion Quarterly. 60 (1): 106–127. doi:10.1086/297741. JSTOR 2749500.
- 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - 1 2 3 4 "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "Russian Election Watch No. 7, August 4, 1995". www.belfercenter.org. Belfer Center. 4 August 1995. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ↑ "Russian Election Watch, May 15, 1996". 15 May 1996. Archived from the original on 27 January 2000. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.