Oikonomou (Greek: Οικονόμου), also transliterated as Ikonomou and Economou, is a Greek surname, deriving from the word oikonomos, "housekeeper, steward". It can refer to:

• Aikaterini Oikonomou, birth name of Ketty Diridaoua, Greek actress
• Antonis Oikonomou (1785-1821), naval captain in the Greek War of Independence
• Constantin von Economo (1876-1931), Austrian neurologist
• Demetris Economou (born 1992), Cypriot association football player
• Dimitrios Oikonomou (1883-1957), Greek admiral
• Eleftherios N. Economou (born 1940), Greek Professor of Physics, father of Sophia
• Eleftherios Oikonomou (born 1956), Greek Chief of Police
• Evangelos Ikonomou (born 1987), Greek association football player
• George Economou (poet) (1934-2019), American poet
• George Economou (Shipbuilder) (born 1953), Greek billionaire shipowner
• George A. Economou, Sr. (1923-2003), optical systems expert
• James S. Economou (born 1951), surgical oncologist, tumor immunologist, and Vice Chancellor for Research at the UCLA
• Manthos Oikonomou (1754-1820), Greek scholar and Ali Pasha's advisor
• Marios Oikonomou (born 1992), Greek football player
• Michalis Oikonomou (1888-1933), Greek impressionist painter
• Nicolas Economou (1953-1993), Cypriot composer
• Nick Economou, Australian political scientist
• Nikos Ekonomou (born 1973), Greek basketball player
• Panajotis Iconomou (born 1971), Greek-German baritone
• Pavlos Oikonomou-Gouras (1897-1991), Greek diplomat
• Sophia Economou, American physicist, daughter of Eleftherios
• Thanasis Oikonomou (born 1978), Greek swimmer
• Thomas Oikonomou (1864-1927), Greek actor