Matsuo (written: 松尾) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the name include:

• Akiko Matsuo (松尾 亜紀子, born 1964), Japanese engineer
• Atsushi Matsuo (松尾 篤, born 1990), Japanese footballer
• Ayumu Matsuo (松尾 歩, born 1980), Japanese shogi player
• Bashō Matsuo (松尾 芭蕉, 1644–1694), Japanese Edo period poet
• Erika Matsuo (松尾 依里佳, born 1984), Japanese violinist
• Genta Matsuo (松尾 元太, born 1986), Japanese footballer
• Ginzō Matsuo (松尾 銀三, 1951–2001), Japanese voice actor
• Hayato Matsuo (松尾 早人, born 1965), Japanese composer
• Kaoru Matsuo (松尾 薫, born 1951), Japanese sport shooter
• Katsuhiro Matsuo (松尾勝博, born 1964), Japanese rugby union player
• Kayo Matsuo (松尾 嘉代, born 1943), Japanese actress
• Kazumi Matsuo (松尾 和美, born 1974), Japanese female marathon runner
• Keisuke Matsuo (松尾 景輔, 1890–1943), Japanese naval officer
• Kinoaki Matsuo (松尾 樹明), Japanese naval officer
• Kosuke Matsuo (born 1930), Japanese rower
• Luisa Matsuo (born 1988), Brazilian gymnast
• Naoto Matsuo (松尾 直人, born 1979), Japanese footballer
• Remi Matsuo (松尾 レミ, born 1991), Japanese musician
• Satoru Matsuo (松尾 諭, born 1975), Japanese actor
• Seijiro Matsuo (松尾 誠次郎), the second president of the Dojin-kai
• Shigeyoshi Matsuo (松尾 臣善, 1843–1916), Japanese banker and businessman
• Shinji Matsuo (松尾 慎治), Japanese engineer
• Shizuka Matsuo (松尾 静香, born 1986), Japanese female badminton player
• Shogo Matsuo (松尾 昇悟, born 1987), Japanese footballer
• Suzuki Matsuo (松尾 スズキ, born 1962), Japanese director
• Taiga Matsuo (松尾 大河, born 1998)), Japanese baseball player
• Takashi Matsuo (disambiguation)
• Tomomi Matsuo (born 1968), Japanese badminton player
• Toshiko Matsuo (松尾トシ子, 1907–1993), Japanese politician
• Yuji Matsuo (松尾 雄治, born 1954), Japanese rugby union player
• Yukimi Matsuo (松尾 幸実, born 1987), Japanese beauty pageant
• Yusuke Matsuo (松尾 佑介, born 1997), Japanese footballer

Matsuo (written: 松夫, 松男) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

• Matsuo Azuma (東 松生, born 1965), Japanese fencer
• Matsuo Fujimoto (藤本 松夫, 1922–1962), Japanese murderer
• Matsuo Kishi (岸松雄, 1906–1985), Japanese film critic
• Matsuo Morizumi (森住 松雄, 1891–1945), Japanese naval admiral
• Matsuo Sugano (菅野 松男, born 1939), Japanese astronomer
• Matsuo Yokoyama (横山 松夫, born 1927), former president of Walt Disney Enterprises of Japan