Manuela Maleeva
Native nameМануела Малеева
Country (sports) Bulgaria (1982–89)
  Switzerland (1990–94)
ResidenceLa Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
Born (1967-02-14) 14 February 1967
Sofia, Bulgaria
Height1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Turned proMay 1982
RetiredFebruary 1994
PlaysRight-handed (two-handed backhand)
Prize moneyUS$ 3,244,811
Singles
Career record475–187 (71.8%)
Career titles19
Highest rankingNo. 3 (4 February 1985)
Grand Slam singles results
Australian OpenQF (1985, 1992, 1994)
French OpenQF (1985, 1987, 1989, 1990)
WimbledonQF (1984)
US OpenSF (1992, 1993)
Other tournaments
Tour FinalsSF (1987)
Olympic Games Bronze Medal (1988)
Doubles
Career record129–131 (49.6%)
Career titles4
Highest rankingNo. 11 (2 August 1993)
Mixed doubles
Career titles1
Grand Slam mixed doubles results
US OpenW (1984)
Team competitions
Fed Cup Bulgaria
SF (1985, 1987)
  Switzerland
QF (1991)
Hopman Cup  Switzerland
W (1992)
Medal record
Women's tennis
Representing  Bulgaria
Olympic Games
Bronze medal – third place 1988 Seoul Women's singles

Manuela Georgieva Maleeva (Bulgarian: Мануела Георгиева Малеева; born 14 February 1967) is a Bulgarian former professional tennis player. She played on the WTA Tour between 1982 and 1994. Through her marriage, Maleeva began representing Switzerland officially from January 1990 until her retirement in February 1994.

One of the most consistent players on tour in the 1980s and early 1990s, Maleeva reached her career-high singles ranking of No. 3 in the world in February 1985 and finished with a year-end top 10 ranking for nine consecutive years (1984 till 1992). A winner of 19 WTA singles titles and four doubles titles, she also reached a total of 14 Grand Slam quarterfinals in her career, including two US Open semifinals in 1992 and 1993, which are her career-best Grand Slam results. She was a semifinalist at the 1987 Virginia Slims Championships.

Maleeva was the bronze medalist in singles at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, winning Bulgaria's first (and thus far, only) Olympic tennis medal. In 1992, she paired up with Jakob Hlasek at the Hopman Cup where they took home Switzerland's first ever title at the event.

Career

Maleeva was born in Sofia, the oldest of the three children of Georgi Maleev and Yuliya Berberyan. Her mother, who came from an Armenian family, was the best Bulgarian tennis player in the 1960s. After she retired from professional tennis in the 1970s, Berberyan started a coaching career. She coached all three of her daughters, Manuela, Katerina, and Magdalena, each of whom became a top six player.[1]

In 1982, Maleeva won the junior French Open, and also made her debut on the senior tour, ending the year ranked in the top 100.[2] After ending the 1983 season in the top 40, she won five tournaments in 1984, and made her debut in the top 10 after defeating Chris Evert in the final of the Italian Open. She also won her only Grand Slam title that year – in mixed doubles at the US Open with American Tom Gullikson.[2]

In 1988, Maleeva-Fragnière won a bronze medal in singles at the Seoul Olympics in Seoul. In 1992 and 1993, Maleeva-Fragnière registered her all-time best achievement in Grand Slam singles competition when she reached the semifinals of the US Open both years (in 1992, after beating youngest sister Magdalena in the quarterfinals).[2]

In 1994, Maleeva-Fragnière retired from professional tennis, after winning the title in Osaka where she beat Iva Majoli in the final. During her 12-year career, she won 19 WTA singles titles, four doubles titles, and one mixed doubles title. She also teamed with Jakob Hlasek to help Switzerland win the Hopman Cup in 1992.[2]

In Fed Cup competition, Maleeva twice helped Bulgaria reach the semifinals (1985 and 1987), and then led Switzerland to the quarterfinals in 1991.[2]

Personal life

Maleeva married Swiss tennis coach François Fragnière in December 1987 and from then on, began competing as Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière. She represented Switzerland from 1990 until her retirement. They have three children, Lora, born in 1995, Iva in 1997, Timo in 1999, but divorced in 2003.[1] She currently resides in La Tour-de-Peilz, about 90 km northeast of Geneva across Lake Geneva.[2][3]

Retirement life

Maleeva has been active in politics back in her home country, being one of the founding members of Yes, Bulgaria! which was founded in 2017. The party focuses on institutional reforms and an anti-corruption agenda.[4][5][6] Prior to that, she also advocated the 2015 Bulgarian electoral code referendum.[7][1]

Outside politics, Maleeva is also active in her foundation, Fondation Swissclinical, which she co-founded in 2008.[8] The foundation focuses on helping handicapped children and children in need by providing them with good medical care and long-term support.[3][1]

Major finals

Grand Slam tournament finals

Mixed Doubles: 1 (1 title)

Result Year Championship Surface Partner Opponents Score
Win 1984 US Open Hard United States Tom Gullikson 2–6, 7–5, 6–4

Olympics

Singles: 1 bronze medal

Result Year Location Surface Opponent Score
Bronze 1988 Seoul, South Korea Hard Tied DNP

Maleeva-Fragnière lost in the semifinals to Gabriela Sabatini 1–6, 2–6. In 1988, there was no bronze medal play-off match; both beaten semifinal players received bronze medals.

Performance timelines

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# DNQ A NH
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

Singles

Tournament1982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994SRW-LWin%
Grand Slam tournaments
Australian Open 2R A A QF NH 4R A A A 2R QF 4R QF 0 / 7 18–6 75%
French Open 2R 3R 4R QF 3R QF 3R QF QF 2R 3R 3R A 0 / 12 30–12 71%
Wimbledon 2R 2R QF 4R 4R 2R 1R A 1R A 3R 2R A 0 / 10 16–10 62%
US Open 3R 3R 1R 4R QF 4R QF QF QF 4R SF SF A 0 / 12 39–12 76%
Win–loss 4–4 5–3 7–3 13–4 9–3 10–4 6–3 8–2 8–3 5–3 13–4 11–4 4–1 0 / 41 103–41 72%
Year–end championships
WTA Championships Did not qualify 1R 1R QF SF QF QF QF 1R 1R 1R DNQ 0 / 10 6–10 38%
National representation   Representing  Bulgaria     Representing   Switzerland  
Summer Olympics Not Held A Not Held SF-B Not Held QF Not Held 0 / 2 6–2 75%
Fed Cup A 1R QF SF QF SF A QF A QF 1R A A 0 / 10 20–9 69%
Career statistics
Titles 0 0 5 1 0 2 2 2 0 3 1 2 1 Career total: 19
Finals 0 0 6 5 3 5 4 2 3 4 2 2 1 Career total: 37
Year-end ranking 60 32 6 7 10 8 6 9 9 10 9 11 N/A $3,244,811

Doubles

Tournament1982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994SRW-LWin%
Australian Open A A A 2R NH A A A A 3R 3R 2R 3R 0 / 5 8–5 62%
French Open A 1R 2R 2R QF 1R 2R 2R 2R 2R 1R 3R A 0 / 11 11–11 50%
Wimbledon A A 1R 1R 2R 1R 1R A 1R A 1R 3R A 0 / 8 3–8 27%
US Open A 1R 1R 2R 1R 1R 1R 2R 1R 1R A 1R A 0 / 10 2–10 17%
Win–loss 0–0 0–2 1–3 3–4 4–3 0–3 1–3 2–2 1–3 3–3 2–3 5–4 2–1 0 / 34 24–34 41%
Career statistics
Titles 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Career total: 4
Finals 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 Career total: 11
Year-end ranking N/A N/A N/A N/A 45 47 128 72 89 34 261 17 N/A $3,244,811

WTA career finals

Singles: 37 (19 titles, 18 runner-ups)

Legend
Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
Tier I (1–1)
Tier II (0–0)
Tier III (3–4)
Tier IV (3–2)
Tier V / Virginia Slims (12–11)
Finals by surface
Hard (4–2)
Clay (6–6)
Grass (0–1)
Carpet (9–9)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 Feb 1984 Houston, United States Virginia Slims Carpet (i) Czechoslovakia Hana Mandlíková 4–6, 2–6
Win 1–1 May 1984 Lugano, Switzerland Virginia Slims Clay Czechoslovakia Iva Budařová 6–1, 6–1
Win 2–1 May 1984 Perugia, Italy Virginia Slims Clay United States Chris Evert 6–3, 6–3
Win 3–1 Aug 1984 Indianapolis, United States Virginia Slims Clay United States Lisa Bonder 6–4, 6–3
Win 4–1 Nov 1984 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) Czechoslovakia Hana Mandlíková 6–1, 1–6, 6–4
Win 5–1 Dec 1984 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) West Germany Claudia Kohde-Kilsch 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
Loss 5–2 Jan 1985 Washington, United States Virginia Slims Carpet (i) United States Martina Navratilova 3–6, 2–6
Loss 5–3 May 1985 Lugano, Switzerland Virginia Slims Clay United States Bonnie Gadusek 2–6, 2–6
Loss 5–4 Oct 1985 Brighton, Great Britain Virginia Slims Carpet (i) United States Chris Evert 5–7, 3–6
Loss 5–5 Nov 1985 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) United States Chris Evert 5–7, 0–6
Win 6–5 Dec 1985 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) United States Bonnie Gadusek 7–6(7–2), 3–6, 7–5
Loss 6–6 May 1986 Lugano, Switzerland Virginia Slims Clay Italy Raffaella Reggi 7–5, 3–6, 6–7(6–8)
Loss 6–7 Jun 1986 Birmingham, Great Britain Virginia Slims Grass United States Pam Shriver 2–6, 6–7(0–7)
Loss 6–8 Sep 1986 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) West Germany Steffi Graf 4–6, 2–6
Win 7–8 Apr 1987 Wild Dunes, United States Virginia Slims Clay Italy Raffaella Reggi 5–7, 6–2, 6–3
Loss 7–9 Apr 1987 Hilton Head, United States Virginia Slims Clay West Germany Steffi Graf 2–6, 6–4, 3–6
Loss 7–10 May 1987 Geneva, Switzerland Virginia Slims Clay United States Chris Evert 3–6, 6–4, 2–6
Win 8–10 Aug 1987 Mahwah, United States Virginia Slims Hard West Germany Sylvia Hanika 1–6, 6–4, 6–1
Loss 8–11 Sep 1987 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) Argentina Gabriela Sabatini 4–6, 6–7(6–8)
Win 9–11 Mar 1988 Wichita, United States Tier V Hard (i) West Germany Sylvia Hanika 7–6(7–5), 7–5
Win 10–11 Sep 1988 Phoenix, United States Tier V Hard South Africa Dinky Van Rensburg 6–3, 4–6, 6–2
Loss 10–12 Oct 1988 Zurich, Switzerland Tier IV Carpet (i) United States Pam Shriver 3–6, 4–6
Loss 10–13 Oct 1988 Brighton, Great Britain Tier III Carpet (i) West Germany Steffi Graf 2–6, 0–6
Win 11–13 Mar 1989 Indian Wells, United States Tier III Hard Australia Jenny Byrne 6–4, 6–1
Win 12–13 May 1989 Geneva, Switzerland Tier V Clay Spain Conchita Martínez 6–4, 6–0
Loss 12–14 Feb 1990 Chicago, United States Tier I Carpet (i) United States Martina Navratilova 3–6, 2–6
Loss 12–15 Apr 1990 San Antonio, United States Tier III Hard Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Monica Seles 4–6, 3–6
Loss 12–16 Aug 1990 San Diego, United States Tier III Hard West Germany Steffi Graf 3–6, 2–6
Win 13–16 Feb 1991 Linz, Austria Tier V Carpet (i) Czechoslovakia Petra Langrová 6–4, 7–6(7–1)
Loss 13–17 Apr 1991 Barcelona, Spain Tier III Clay Spain Conchita Martínez 4–6, 1–6
Win 14–17 May 1991 Geneva, Switzerland Tier IV Clay Canada Helen Kelesi 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
Win 15–17 Sep 1991 Bayonne, France Tier IV Carpet (i) Soviet Union Leila Meskhi 4–6, 6–3, 6–4
Loss 15–18 Jul 1992 Kitzbühel, Austria Tier IV Clay Spain Conchita Martínez 0–6, 6–3, 2–6
Win 16–18 Oct 1992 Bayonne, France Tier IV Carpet (i) France Nathalie Tauziat 6–7(4–7), 6–2, 6–3
Win 17–18 Feb 1993 Linz, Austria Tier III Carpet (i) Spain Conchita Martínez 6–2, 1–0 ret.
Win 18–18 Oct 1993 Zurich, Switzerland Tier I Carpet (i) United States Martina Navratilova 6–3, 7–6(7–1)
Win 19–18 Feb 1994 Osaka, Japan Tier III Carpet (i) Croatia Iva Majoli 6–1, 4–6, 7–5

Doubles: 11 (4 titles, 7 runner–ups)

Legend
Grand Slam tournaments (0–0)
Tier I (0–0)
Tier II (1–2)
Tier III (0–1)
Tier IV (0–1)
Tier V / Virginia Slims (3–3)
Finals by surface
Hard (0–1)
Clay (3–3)
Grass (0–0)
Carpet (1–3)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Partner Opponents Score
Loss 0–1 May 1985 Houston, United States Virginia Slims Clay Czechoslovakia Helena Suková 1–6, 6–3, 3–6
Win 1–1 Jul 1985 Indianapolis, United States Virginia Slims Clay Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva United States Penny Barg
United States Paula Smith
3–6, 6–3, 6–4
Loss 1–2 Sep 1986 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva West Germany Bettina Bunge
West Germany Steffi Graf
1–6, 7–6(7–4), 2–6
Win 2–2 Jul 1987 Knokke, Belgium Virginia Slims Clay West Germany Bettina Bunge 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
Loss 2–3 Sep 1987 Tokyo, Japan Virginia Slims Carpet (i) Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva United States Anne White
United States Robin White
1–6, 2–6
Win 3–3 Feb 1991 Linz, Austria Tier V Carpet (i) Italy Raffaella Reggi 6–4, 1–6, 6–3
Loss 3–4 May 1991 Geneva, Switzerland Tier IV Clay Switzerland Cathy Caverzasio 1–6, 2–6
Loss 3–5 Feb 1993 Osaka, Japan Tier III Carpet (i) Bulgaria Magdalena Maleeva Czech Republic Jana Novotná
Latvia Larisa Neiland
1–6, 3–6
Win 4–5 Apr 1993 Amelia Island, United States Tier II Clay Georgia (country) Leila Meskhi 3–6, 6–3, 6–4
Loss 4–6 Apr 1993 Barcelona, Spain Tier II Clay Bulgaria Magdalena Maleeva Spain Conchita Martínez
Spain Arantxa Sánchez Vicario
6–4, 1–6, 0–6
Loss 4–7 Aug 1993 Stratton Mountain, United States Tier II Hard Argentina Mercedes Paz Australia Elizabeth Smylie
Czech Republic Helena Suková
1–6, 2–6

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 4 (2 titles, 2 runner–ups)

Legend
$100,000 tournaments
$75,000 tournaments
$50,000 tournaments
$25,000 tournaments
$10,000 tournaments
Finals by surface
Hard (0–0)
Clay (2–2)
Grass (0–0)
Carpet (0–0)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Opponent Score
Loss 0–1 Mar 1982 ITF Caserta, Italy 10,000 Clay Czechoslovakia Hana Fukárková 4–6, 1–6
Win 1–1 Apr 1982 ITF Lecce, Italy 10,000 Clay Australia Elizabeth Smylie 6–4, 6–4
Win 2–1 Apr 1982 ITF Catania, Italy 10,000 Clay West Germany Gabriela Dinu 6–3, 6–1
Loss 2–2 Jul 1982 ITF Båstad, Sweden 10,000 Clay Sweden Lena Sandin 7–6, 5–7, 3–6

Doubles: 3 (3 titles)

Legend
$100,000 tournaments
$75,000 tournaments
$50,000 tournaments
$25,000 tournaments
$10,000 tournaments
Finals by surface
Hard (0–0)
Clay (3–0)
Grass (0–0)
Carpet (0–0)
Result W–L Date Tournament Tier Surface Partner Opponents Score
Win 1–0 Apr 1982 ITF Taranto, Italy 10,000 Clay Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Renata Šašak Sweden Catrin Jexell
Argentina Isabelle Villaverde
7–5, 3–6, 6–2
Win 2–0 Apr 1982 ITF Lecce, Italy 10,000 Clay Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Renata Šašak Sweden Lena Sandin
Sweden Elisabeth Ekblom
6–2, 2–6, 8–6
Win 3–0 Sep 1985 ITF Sofia, Bulgaria 25,000 Clay Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva Czechoslovakia Yvona Brzáková
Czechoslovakia Hana Fukárková
6–1, 6–2

Junior Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 1 (1 title)

Result W–L Year Championship Surface Opponent Score
Win 1–0 1982 French Open Clay United States Penny Barg 7–5, 6–2

Fed Cup

Manuela Maleeva debuted for the Bulgaria Fed Cup team in 1983. She has a 21–5 singles record and a 7–10 doubles record (28–15 overall).

Singles (21–5)

Edition Round Date Against Surface Opponent W/L Result
1983 World Group I R1 17 July 1983   Switzerland Clay Switzerland Christiane Jolissaint L 4–6, 6–4, 4–6
PO 19 July 1983  Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Angela Longo W 6–1, 6–0
PO 21 July 1983  Soviet Union Soviet Union Olga Zaitseva W 6–0, 6–3
1984 World Group I R1 15 July 1984  Great Britain Clay United Kingdom Jo Durie W 6–4, 4–6, 6–4
R2 16 July 1984  Soviet Union Soviet Union Natasha Reva W 6–2, 6–0
QF 18 July 1984  Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Mima Jaušovec W 3–6, 6–3, 6–1
1985 World Group I R1 6 October 1985  Soviet Union Hard Soviet Union Larisa Savchenko W 6–7(3–7), 6–4, 6–1
R2 8 October 1985  Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Sabrina Goleš W 6–1, 6–3
QF 10 October 1985  Great Britain United Kingdom Annabel Croft W 6–2, 6–2
SF 12 October 1985  Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Hana Mandlíková L 6–3, 2–6, 1–6
1986 World Group I R1 20 July 1986  Soviet Union Clay Soviet Union Larisa Savchenko W 6–2, 6–1
R2 21 July 1986  France France Catherine Tanvier W 6–0, 6–1
QF 23 July 1986  West Germany West Germany Claudia Kohde-Kilsch W 6–4, 6–2
1987 World Group I R1 26 July 1987  Greece Hard Greece Angeliki Kanellopoulou W 6–0, 6–0
R2 27 July 1987  Indonesia Indonesia Yayuk Basuki W 6–4, 6–0
QF 29 July 1987  Australia Australia Elizabeth Smylie W 6–4, 6–4
SF 31 July 1987  United States United States Chris Evert L 2–6, 6–2, 4–6
1989 World Group I R1 1 October 1989  South Korea Hard South Korea Kim Il-soon W 6–1, 6–0
R2 3 October 1989  Argentina Argentina Mercedes Paz W 4–6, 6–1, 6–3
QF 5 October 1989  Australia Australia Anne Minter L 3–6, 6–2, 4–6
  Representing   Switzerland  
1991 World Group I R1 23 July 1991  Argentina Hard Argentina Mercedes Paz W 6–0, 7–6(7–5)
R2 24 July 1991  China China Li Fang W 6–7(5–7), 7–5, 6–2
QF 25 July 1991  Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Jana Novotná L 4–6, 4–6
1992 World Group I R1 14 July 1992  Sweden Clay Sweden Catarina Lindqvist W 6–0, 6–2
PO 16 July 1992  Israel Israel Anna Smashnova W 6–1, 6–0
PO 17 July 1992  Paraguay Paraguay Rossana de los Ríos W 6–2, 6–2

Doubles (7–10)

Edition Round Date Partner Against Surface Opponents W/L Result
1983 World Group I PO 19 July 1983 Bulgaria Marina Kondova  Zimbabwe Clay Zimbabwe Angela Longo
Zimbabwe Lindsay Standen
W 6–4, 6–2
PO 21 July 1983 Bulgaria Adriana Velcheva  Soviet Union L 4–6, 3–6
1984 World Group I R1 15 July 1984 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Great Britain Clay United Kingdom Amanda Brown
United Kingdom Anne Hobbs
W 7–6, 7–5
R2 16 July 1984 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Soviet Union L 7–5, 5–7, 1–6
QF 18 July 1984 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Yugoslavia L 3–6, 1–6
1985 World Group I R1 6 October 1985 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Soviet Union Hard Soviet Union Natalia Egorova
Soviet Union Svetlana Cherneva
W 6–3, 7–5
R2 8 October 1985 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Sabrina Goleš
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Aila Winkler
W 6–4, 7–6(9–7)
QF 10 October 1985 BulgariaKaterina Maleeva  Great Britain L 4–5, Ret.
SF 12 October 1985 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Czechoslovakia L 3–6, 6–7(4–7)
1986 World Group I R1 20 July 1986 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Soviet Union Clay L 6–1, 4–6, 1–6
QF 23 July 1986 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  West Germany L 4–6, 2–6
1989 World Group I R1 1 October 1989 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  South Korea Hard W 7–5, 6–0
R2 3 October 1989 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Argentina W 6–1, 3–6, 6–1
QF 5 October 1989 Bulgaria Katerina Maleeva  Australia L 7–5, 4–6, 0–6
  Representing   Switzerland  
1991 World Group I R2 24 July 1991 Switzerland Cathy Caverzasio  China Hard China Li Fang
China Yi Jing-Qian
L 1–3, Ret.
QF 25 July 1991 Switzerland Cathy Caverzasio  Czechoslovakia W 6–4, 2–1, Ret.
1992 World Group I R1 14 July 1992 Switzerland Michèle Strebel  Sweden Clay L 4–6, 7–5, 4–6

Record against other top players

Maleeva's win–loss record against certain players who have been ranked world No. 10 or higher is as follows:

Players who have been ranked world No. 1 are in boldface.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "VAVEL Exclusive: 'I have things in my life that make me happy, and where I feel useful' – Catching Up with Manuela Maleeva Part II". Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "VAVEL Exclusive: 'I was just a steady player. I was a top 10 for almost 10 years' – Catching Up with Manuela Maleeva Part I". Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  3. 1 2 "Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière, ancienne championne de tennis". Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  4. "Ex-Justice Min Heads Yes, Bulgaria Party, Vowing to Fight Corruption – Novinite.com – Sofia News Agency". Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  5. "Anti-corruption party launches in Bulgaria as election approaches". Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  6. "New Bulgarian Party Vows to 'Break System'". Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  7. "Bulgaria holds referendum on electronic voting". Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  8. "Fondation Swissclinical". Retrieved 2 November 2020.
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