People's Army of Vietnam |
---|
Ministry of National Defence |
Command |
General Staff |
Services |
Ranks and history |
During the First Indochina War (1946 –1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.
Vietnam prioritises economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defence procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defence industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.[1][2][3]
Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.[4]
Personal equipments
Name | Image | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Night vision | ||||
Night vision | Night-vision device | Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[5] | |
Headgears | ||||
Type A2 Helmet | Combat helmet | Vietnam | The PAVN's standard issue bump shell is a hard plastic replica of the PASGT helmets. It is used for training exercises and combat drill. | |
Vietnamese pith helmet | Helmet | Vietnam | Traditional standard issue hard hat, used as the army's utility and barracks cover. Commonly worn by enlisted members with their dress uniforms and during light training. | |
Utility Cover | Kepi | Vietnam | Standard issue soft cover, consisting of a four-point front panel and an elastic backstrap. The cap's camouflage print is worn matching with field fatigues during patrols. | |
PASGT Helmet | Combat helmet | United States Vietnam |
Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.[6][7] | |
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet | Combat helmet | United States Vietnam |
Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.[8] | |
Type High Cut Helmet | Combat helmet | United States Vietnam |
Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and future infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.[9] | |
SSh-68 | Combat helmet | Soviet Union | Limited use. | |
SSh-40 | Combat helmet | Soviet Union | Limited use. | |
M1 Helmet | Combat helmet | United States | Limited use. | |
Body equipment | ||||
AG K53T Body Armour | Body armor | Vietnam | Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
7,62 K56 Body Armour | Body armor | Vietnam | Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
AG K51T Body Armour | Body armor | Vietnam | Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
Body Armour | Body armor | Vietnam | Limited use. NIJ level III[11] | |
Body Armour | Body armor | Modern battle uniform for standard Vietnamese infantry. It will be standard issue in the future. Manufactured at the Z176 factory.[12][8] | ||
Marom Dolphin Fusion System | Body armor | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[13] | ||
Flak jacket | Body armor | Limited use by some infantry and anti-riot units | ||
Combat Leather Pads | Knee Pads | Vietnam | Standard Issued along with the new K20 military uniform.[14] | |
Camouflage patterns | ||||
K-07 Woodland | Camouflage pattern | Vietnam | Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues.[15][16] | |
K-17 Woodland | Camouflage pattern | Vietnam | Former standard-issue camouflage for ground forces. Similar coloration to the K-07, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.[17][18] Replaced by the K-20 and observed limited usage since 2020s. | |
K-17 Multi-Terrain | Camouflage pattern | Vietnam | Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen with Vietnamese troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations. | |
K20 Pattern,
K21 Field Uniform[19] |
Camouflage pattern | Vietnam | Standard issue as of 2021, the PAVN's K20 camouflage pattern was developed based on existing ERDL and K07 patterns, with more subdued coloration. The new uniform will consist of 5 different variants for each branches of service: Ground Forces, Border Guard, Air Defence - Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard.[14] | |
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern | Camouflage pattern | Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Replaced by the Ground Forces-colored K20 camouflage. | |
Thermal imaging anti-reconnaissance clothing | Camouflage pattern | Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
Ghillie suit | Ghillie suit | Vietnam | Used by the snipers and People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, manufactured locally. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[10] | |
U.S. Woodland | Camouflage pattern | United States | Limited use. Most commonly seen on old vests mix-matched with K07 uniform or K20 |
Infantry weapons
Model | Image | Type | Caliber | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accessories | |||||
ITL MARS | Red dot sight | Israel | Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor. | ||
Meprolight m21 | Red dot sight | Israel | Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE | ||
NL-91, NL-92 | Night vision sight | Vietnam | Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE.[20] | ||
Aimpoint PRO | Red dot sight | United States | Mounted on STV Rifles.[21] | ||
Aimpoint CompM4 | Red dot sight | United States | Mounted AKM-1, limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | ||
Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight | Telescopic sight | United States | Mounted on Special Operations Assault Rifle, Tara TM4 rifle. Limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | ||
Pistols | |||||
K14VN | Semi-automatic pistol | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | Vietnam | Standard issue service pistol alongside the K54. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds.[22][23] | |
TT-33 | Semi-automatic pistol | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | Soviet Union | ||
Type 54/K54 | Semi-automatic pistol | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | China Vietnam | Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14VN. | |
IWI Jericho 941 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | Israel | Limited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols. Manufactured at the Z111 Factory.[24][25][26] | |
Makarov pistol | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×18mm Makarov | Soviet Union Vietnam | Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59.[27] | |
Type 59/K59 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×18mm Makarov | China | ||
Browning Hi-Power | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | Belgium | Stored in reserves for shooting ranges. | |
CZ-82 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×18mm Makarov | Czechoslovak Socialist Republic | Used by police officers. Limited use in the army.[27] | |
CZ P-07 Duty | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19 Parabellum | Czech Republic | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces.[28] | |
Glock 19 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19 Parabellum | Austria | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces. | |
Glock 34 | Semi-automatic pistol | 9x19 Parabellum | Austria | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Forces. | |
M1911A1 | Semi-automatic pistol | .45 ACP 7.62×25mm Tokarev | United States Vietnam | Local copies chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev and captured US M1911A1s in .45 ACP used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during Vietnam War. | |
CornerShot | Weapon accessory | Israel | Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.[29][24] | ||
Assault rifles | |||||
STV-215 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | Vietnam | Standard issue rifle. Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215mm.[30][31] | |
STV-380 | |||||
STV-410 | Limited use, not officially issued. | ||||
Galil ACE | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | Israel Vietnam |
Manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380.[32][33] | |
AKM | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | Soviet Union Vietnam | Still manufactured, old models are being converted to the domestically made STL-1A/STL-1B rifles or upgraded to AKM-1 standards. Replaced as the standard issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.[34][35] | |
AKn | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue rifle. Manufactured locally with some new detail[36] | |
AKM-1 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue rifle. Manufactured locally with some new detail[37] | |
Type 56 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | China Vietnam | Limited use. Replaced as the standard issue rifle by the STV380/STV215. | |
AMD-65 | Assault rifle | 7.62x39mm | Hungarian People's Republic | ||
Type 58 | Assault rifle | 7.62x39mm | North Korea | Limited use. Sent as military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War. | |
CAR-15 | Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | United States | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, naval infantry and coast guard. Manufactured locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory, locally produced version of the XM177E2 | |
IWI Tavor TAR-21 | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Israel | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and naval infantry.[32][33] | |
vz. 58 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | Czechoslovakia | Limited use.[38] | |
CZ 805 BREN | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Czech Republic | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | |
Special Operations Assault Rifle | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | United States | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | |
Tara TM4 Assault rifle | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Montenegro | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | |
FN FNC | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Belgium | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | |
M16A1 | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | United States Vietnam | M16A1 and XM16E1 is used by militia forces in southern provinces. M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers. | |
M16A2E | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Vietnam United States | Upgraded and manufactured locally as the M16A2VN base on M16A1 and M18 with new stock and Picatinny rail[39] | |
SKS | Semi-automatic rifle | 7.62×39mm M43 | Soviet Union | Used by honour guards and militia forces. | |
Type 63 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | China | ||
M14 | Battle rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | United States | Stored in reserves. | |
4MK4 | Bolt-action rifle | .303 British | Vietnam British Empire |
Limited used by Militia Forces.[40] | |
Submachine guns | |||||
PP-19 Bizon | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | Russia Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm.[41][42] | |
Micro Uzi | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | Israel Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured at the Z111 Factory.[43] | |
Uzi Pro | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | Israel | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[43] | |
Škorpion | Submachine gun | .32 ACP | Czechoslovak Socialist Republic | ||
CZ Scorpion Evo 3 | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | Czech Republic | Use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | |
PM-63 | Machine pistol/Submachine gun | 9×18mm Makarov | Polish People's Republic | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and guard police. | |
Shotguns | |||||
Remington Model 870 | Shotgun | 12 Gauge | United States | ||
Armsel Striker | Combat shotgun | 12 Gauge | South Africa | Limited use[44] | |
Sniper rifles | |||||
Dragunov SVD | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×54mmR | Soviet Union | Standard issue sniper rifle. Soon to be replaced. | |
CZ 750 S1M2 | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | Czech Republic | Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force. | |
PSR-90 | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | West Germany Pakistan | Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force. | |
PSL | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×54mmR | Socialist Republic of Romania | ||
IWI Galatz |
|
Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | Israel Vietnam |
Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Marine Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[43] |
Orsis Т-5000M | Sniper rifle | .338LM | Russia | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces | |
OSV-96 | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×108mm | Russia Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. | |
KSVK | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×108mm | Russia Vietnam | Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[43] | |
WKW Wilk | Anti-materiel rifle | .50 BMG | Poland | +50 examples were bought.[45] | |
Machine guns | |||||
TUL-1 | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | Vietnam | Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of Chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30-round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40-round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself. | |
PKM | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×54mmR | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[46] New ĐL7VN copies are made with a modern plastic stock and grip, and includes a picatinny rail for a sight on top. | |
ĐL7VN | |||||
RPK | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally. | |
KPV | Heavy machine gun | 14.5×114mm | Soviet Union | ||
IWI Negev | Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm NATO | Israel Vietnam |
Limited use. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory | |
RPD | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally. | |
Type 67 | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×54mmR | China | Limited use. | |
M240B | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | United States | Limited use by Military Marksman Demonstration Team. | |
M60 | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | United States | Limited use. | |
Uk vz. 59 | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×54mmR | Czechoslovakia | ||
FN Minimi Mk3 | Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm NATO | Belgium | Limited use in People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[47] | |
NSV | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×108mm | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[48][49] | |
DShK | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×108mm | Soviet Union Vietnam | Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV. | |
Mk 21 Mod 0 | Medium machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | United States | Limited use. | |
Grenade-based weapons | |||||
AGS-17 | Automatic grenade launcher | 30mm Grenade | Soviet Union Vietnam | Standard issue. Manufactured locally. | |
M203 | Grenade launcher | 40mm Grenade | United States Vietnam | Manufactured locally as the T-40 at the Z111 Factory. Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.[42] | |
M79 | Grenade launcher | 40mm Grenade | United States Vietnam | Standard issue. Manufactured locally.[50] | |
Milkor MGL | Grenade launcher | 40mm Grenade | South Africa Vietnam |
Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally as the MGL-VN1.[51] | |
Mortars | |||||
STA-50 | Light mortar | 50mm Mortar | Vietnam | Manufactured locally at the Z117 Factory.[52] | |
M1 mortar | Infantry mortar | 81mm Mortar | United States | ||
M2 mortar | Infantry mortar | 60mm Mortar | United States | ||
M29 mortar | Infantry mortar | 81mm Mortar | United States | ||
82-PM-41 | Mortar | 82mm Mortar | Soviet Union | ||
M1938 | Mortar | 107mm Mortar | Soviet Union | ||
PM-43 | Mortar | 120mm Mortar | Soviet Union | ||
M1943 | Mortar | 160mm Mortar | Soviet Union | ||
Portable anti-materiel weapons | |||||
SPG-9 | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 73mm HEAT | Soviet Union Vietnam | Manufactured locally. | |
RPG-7V | Rocket-propelled grenade | 40mm HEAT | Soviet Union Vietnam | Manufactured locally. Designated as the B-41M | |
RPG-29 | Rocket-propelled grenade | 105mm HEAT | Soviet Union Vietnam |
Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29.[53][54] | |
9K38 Igla | Man-portable air-defense system | 72mm | Soviet Union Vietnam |
Manufactured locally under license.[55] | |
9K338 Igla-S | |||||
9K32 Strela-2 | Man-portable air-defense system | 72mm | Soviet Union Vietnam |
Manufactured locally.[56] | |
B-10 | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 82mm HEAT | Soviet Union Vietnam | Manufactured locally. | |
B-11 | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 82mm HEAT | Soviet Union | Weapon at reserve | |
M-40 | Anti-tank recoilless rifle | 105mm HEAT | United States | Weapon at reserve | |
M72 LAW | Anti-tank weapon | 66mm HEAT | United States | ||
9K111 Fagot | Guided anti-tank missile | 120mm HEAT | Soviet Union | ||
9M14 Malyutka | Guided anti-tank missile | 125mm HEAT | Soviet Union Vietnam | Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance. | |
9M113 Konkurs | Guided anti-tank missile | 135mm HEAT | Soviet Union | ||
RPO-A Shmel | Thermobaric rocket-propelled | 93mm FAE | Russia | Only for chemical forces. |
Vehicles
Vehicle | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanks | |||||
T-90S/SK | Main battle tank | Russia | 64[57] | ||
Type 62 | Light tank | China | 200[58] | ||
T-62 | Main battle tank | Soviet Union | 70[59] | ||
T-54M/55M | Main battle tank | Soviet Union | 850[60] | Currently around 310 T-54/55 and Type 59 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese/Israelis T-54M modernized program at Z153 factory. As of January 2024, 110 tanks has been upgraded to the T-54M standard. | |
Type-59 | Main battle tank | China | 350[60] | Type 59-I | |
T-34 | Medium tank | Soviet Union |
45[61] | Used only for training and coastal defense | |
Type-63 | Amphibious Light tank | China | 150[62] | Called PT-85 in local service because of its 85mm gun, similar to the PT-76 | |
PT-76 | Amphibious Light tank | Soviet Union | 300[60] | ||
Infantry fighting vehicles | |||||
BMP-1 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Soviet Union | 300[63] | ||
BMP-2 | Infantry fighting vehicle | Soviet Union | |||
Armoured personnel carriers | |||||
M113 | Armoured personnel carrier | United States | 200[60] | Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9. 1970s photos show M40 recoilless rifles from capture | |
M106 mortar carrier | Mortar carrier | United States | Unknown | Vietnamese 100mm mortars сaptured from Vietnam War | |
Type 63 | Armoured personnel carrier | China | 80[60] | ||
MT-LB | Armoured personnel carrier | Soviet Union | Unknown | Was seen used by artillery troops preparing for the 2020 International Army Games.[64] | |
BTR-40 | Armoured personnel carrier | Soviet Union | 100[65] | Commonly seen used with the mobile police force. | |
BTR-50PK | Armoured personnel carrier | Soviet Union | 280[66] | ||
BTR-60PB | Wheeled armoured personnel carrier | Soviet Union | 400[67] | Used by both Army and Naval Marines. | |
GAZ-59037A | Armoured personnel carrier | Russia | Unknown | Used in natural disaster rescue and response missions.[68] | |
BTR-152 | Wheeled armoured personnel carrier | Soviet Union | 160[67] | Being upgraded with new diesel engine.[69] One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan | |
Armoured cars | |||||
Dongfeng EQ2050 | Military light utility vehicle | China | Unknown | Used by Engineers at United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei.[70] | |
BRDM-1 | Armoured scout car | Soviet Union | 50[71] | ||
BRDM-2 | Armoured scout car | Soviet Union | 50[72] | ||
Cadillac V-100 | Armoured scout car | United States | Unknown | Upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 factory to replace old and worn out parts after Vietnam was reunified with American-made weapons replaced with Russian-based weapons.[73][74] Acquired through capturing them in the Vietnam War.[75] | |
Artillery | |||||
SS-1 Scud B/C/D | Tactical ballistic missile | Soviet Union | 24[76] | ||
Hwasong-6 | Tactical ballistic missile | DPRK | 100 missiles | ||
BM-14 | 140mm multiple rocket launcher | Soviet Union | <100[77] | BM-14MM and BM-14-17M variant.[78][79] 100 launchers exported from the USSR in 1965-1966 period.[77] | |
BM-21 | 122mm multiple rocket launcher | Soviet Union | 350[60] | ||
(M-46)/Type 59 | 130mm field gun | Soviet Union China |
Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 519 pieces of the M-46 from 1968 - 1973.[80] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. | |
ASU-85 | 85mm assault gun | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
2S1 Gvozdika | 122mm self-propelled artillery | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
2S3 Akatsiya | 152mm self-propelled artillery | Soviet Union | 30[67] | ||
M101 | 105mm towed howitzer | United States | Unknown | ||
M114 | 155mm towed howitzer | United States | Unknown | ||
M-30[81] | 122mm towed howitzer | Soviet Union | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 450 pieces of the M-30 from 1964 - 1969.[80] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. | |
D-20 | 152mm towed gun-howitzer | Soviet Union | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 500 pieces of the D-20 from 1966 - 1970.[80] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. | |
D-30 | 122mm towed howitzer | Soviet Union | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 50 pieces of the D-30 in 1974.[80] Some may have been taken out of service over the years. | |
D-44 | 85 mm field gun | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
D-74[82] | 122mm field gun | Soviet Union | Unknown | While the current number is unknown, the Soviet Union provided 200 pieces of the D-74 from 1970 - 1971 and China provided 100 pieces of the Type-60 (Chinese made version of D-74) in 1974.[80] Some were most likely lost in combat or taken out of service over the years. | |
Engineering vehicles | |||||
BTS-4 | Armoured recovery vehicle | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
IMR-2 | Armoured engineering vehicle | Soviet Union | 2 | Based on T-72 chassis | |
BREM-1M | Armoured recovery vehicle | Russia | Unknown | Based on T-90 chassis[83] | |
BMK-150 | Motor canoe | Soviet Union | Equipped for pontoon bridge units | ||
VSN-1500 | Motor canoe | Vietnam | Equipped for engineer units as a light troop transport canoe[84] | ||
PTS | Tracked amphibious transport | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
GSP-55 | Self-propelled amphibious ferry | Soviet Union | 3 | Operated by 575th Engineer Brigade[85] | |
PMP Floating Bridge | Pontoon bridge | Soviet Union | >1 | At least one equipped for 414th Engineer Brigade[86] | |
TMM-3M | Armoured vehicle-launched bridge | Russia | Unknown | ||
MS-20 Daglezja | Armoured vehicle-launched bridge | Poland | 4[87] | ||
MT-LB | Artillery reconnaissance | Soviet Union | |||
AT-L | Artillery tractor | Soviet Union | |||
ATS-59G | Artillery tractor | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
M548 | Artillery tractor | United States | Unknown | ||
M578 | Armored recovery vehicle | United States | |||
KrAZ-255 | Military excavator | Soviet Union | |||
PZM-2 | Soviet Union | ||||
Schweres Rüstfahrzeug (SRF) | Rescue vehicle | Germany | |||
Logistic vehicles | |||||
Zil-130 | Military truck | Soviet Union | |||
Zil-131 | Military truck | Soviet Union | |||
Zil-157 | Military truck | Soviet Union | |||
Gaz-66 | Military truck | Soviet Union | |||
Ural-375 | Military truck | Soviet Union | |||
Kraz-255B | Military truck | Soviet Union | |||
Ford Transit | Van | GER (design) THA Vietnam (Manufacturing place) |
Used by Army's communication force[88] | ||
Isuzu F-Series | Truck | Japan | |||
Hyundai HD170 | Truck | South Korea | |||
MAZ-537 | Artillery tractor | Soviet Union | |||
KZKT-74281-012-chassis | Russia | ||||
KamaZ-43253 | Military truck | Russia | Unknown | Replacing older Ural trucks[89] | |
KamAZ 43118 | Military truck | Russia | Unknown | Replacing older Ural trucks[89] | |
KamAZ 65224 | Military truck | Russia | Unknown | Replacing older Ural trucks[89] | |
MAN HX58 | Tactical military truck | Germany | Unknown | ||
Renault ME160 | Truck | France | Unknown | Used by 410th Battalion, 683rd Transportation Brigade[90] | |
Light utility vehicles | |||||
Toyota Innova | Light utility vehicles | Japan (design) IDN THA (Manufacturing place) |
Used by Army officers. | ||
Toyota Hilux | Pickup truck | Japan (design) THA Vietnam (Manufacturing place) |
Used by Military control force. | ||
Mitsubishi Pajero | Utility Vehicle | Japan THA AUT (Manufacturing place) |
Used by Army's communication force[91] | ||
UAZ-469 | Military light utility vehicle | Soviet Union | |||
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle's
Aircraft | Image | Type | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
IAI Heron | Reconnaissance | Israel | 3[92] | |
Orbiter 2 | Reconnaissance | Israel | [93] | |
ITAD M-400 | Reconnaissance | Vietnam | ||
UAV Shikra | Reconnaissance | Vietnam | Produced and developed by Viettel[94] | |
HS-6L | Reconnaissance | Vietnam | ||
VT-Patrol | Reconnaissance | Vietnam | Produced and developed by Viettel | |
VT-Pigeon | Reconnaissance | Vietnam | Produced and developed by Viettel | |
VT-Swift | Reconnaissance | Vietnam | Produced and developed by Viettel |
Procurement
In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organisation of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam.[95] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernise and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armour, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland). In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armour and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities.[95] In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era. In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force.[95] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.
References
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{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ↑ "Caribbean and Latin America". The Military Balance. 105 (1): 315–358. January 2005. doi:10.1080/04597220500387670. ISSN 0459-7222. S2CID 161596649.
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