This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Sweden. There are legendary accounts of Swedish kings well into prehistory and they are mentioned by Tacitus in his Germania, but St. Olof Skötkonung (995–1022) was the first ruler documented to have been accepted by both the Swedes around Lake Mälaren and by the Geats around Lake Vättern. The modern state of Sweden considers itself to have been established on 6 June 1523 by the acclamation of Gustav Vasa as king which finally ended the Kalmar Union with Denmark, although the current Swedish constitution dates to 1974.

Military engagements since 1814 have not been formally declared wars.

Kingdom of Sweden (800–1397)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome
Swedish–Gothic wars
(500–800)

Location: Sweden

Svealand Geats Consolidation of Swedes and Goths into a unified kingdom.


Swedish expedition to Courland (854) Sweden Curonians Swedish victory
Swedish raids in the Mediterranean Sea (859)

Location: Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Italy Luni, Italy

Swedes (Germanic tribe) Islamic Spain
Carolingian Empire
Swedish victory[1][2]


Siege of Constantinople (860)

Location: Istanbul

Swedes (Germanic tribe) Byzantine Empire Indecisive, partial victory
Swedish wars of conquest in Eastern Europe
(850s-870)

Location: Eastern Europe


Swedes (Germanic tribe)


Slavs Curonians Semigallians Finnic peoples


Swedish victory
Slavic revolts
(860-870)

Location: Eastern Europe


Sweden


Slavs


Eventuall reconquest
Olof the Brashs conquest of Denmark
(900s)

Location: Denmark

Swedes (Germanic tribe)


Denmark


Swedish victory
Jomsviking–Swedish War
(980s)

Location: Uppsala

Sweden Jomsviking Swedish Victory [3]
Erik the Victorious invasion of Denmark

Location: Hedeby Baltic Sea


Sweden Denmark Swedish Victory [4][5]
Swedish invasion of the Holy Roman Empire
(990)
Sweden
Denmark
Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire Unclear results[6]
Battle of Svolder
(999–1000)

Location: In Øresund or near Rügen

Sweden
Denmark
Jarls of Lade
Norway Swedish victory
Swedish Norwegian war
(1015-1018)
Sweden Norway Norwegian victory[7]
Yaroslav the Wise and Sviatopolk I of Kiev civil war for Kiev Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
(1018–1019)

Location: In Ukraine Kiev

Yaroslav the Wise

Varangians

Sviatopolk I of Kiev
Duchy of Poland
Decisive Swedish victory


Yaroslav the Wise and Mstislav of Chernigovs civil war

Battle of Listven (1024)

Location: Ukraine Russia

Kievan Rus'

Varangians

Mstislav of Chernigov Swedish defeat
Swedish-Danish war
(1026–1030)

Location: In Helge å or in Uppland

Sweden
Norway
North Sea Empire
Kingdom of England
Indicisive


(1042) Ingvar the Far-Travelleds expedition

Location: Georgia (country)

Varangians

Kingdom of Georgia

 Byzantine Empire

Duchy of Kldekari

Swedish defeat
Norwegian–Swedish War (1099–1101)
(1099–1101)

Location: Unknown

Sweden Norway Three King's Meeting (1101)
First Swedish Crusade
(1150)

Location: Unknown

Eric IX of Sweden, Henry (bishop of Finland) Finns Eventual incorporation of Southwest Finland into the Swedish kingdom
Pillage of Sigtuna
(1187)

Location: Sigtuna

Sweden Pagans from Eastern Baltic
(probably Estonians or Karelians)
Sigtuna is sacked. Archbishop Johannes of Uppsala is killed.
Värmland campaign
(1225/1249)[8]

Location: Värmland

Sweden Norway Peace of Lödöse
Öselborn's attack on Sweden
(1226)[9]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Öselborn's The Öselborn's take plunder and hostages
War of Deposition against Eric XI
(1229)[10]

Location: Unknown

Eric XI Knut Långe Victory for Knut Långe
  • Knut Långe is crowned King of Sweden
Eric XI's reinstatement war
(1234)[11]

Location: Unknown

Eric XI
  • Possibly supported by an army from Denmark
Knut Långe Victory for Eric XI
  • Eric XI regains the throne
  • Death of Knut Långe
Livonian Crusade
(13th century)

Location: Estonia, Latvia

Crusade

Pskov Republic

Pagans (Indigenous peoples)

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Crusader victory. However, the Swedish expedition ended in disaster
Tavastian uprising (1236–1237)
(1236–1237)

Location: Finland

Sweden Tavastians
Novgorod
Uprising crushed
  • Swedish influence in Finland is preserved
Battle of Neva (1240) Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Tavastians Novgorod Republic and Karelians Novgorodian victory.
First Folkung Uprising
(1247)[12]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Folkung Victory of the Swedish king
Second Swedish Crusade
(1249–1250)

Location: Finland

Birger Jarl, Christians Tavastians Area of Tavastians and south-western Finland fall to Swedish rule, Häme Castle is founded
Second Folkung Uprising
(1251)[13]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Folkung Victory of the Swedish king
  • Filip Knutsson captured and executed
Campaign against Narva
(1256-1257)[14]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Neither side achieved much success
The war against Valdemar Birgersson
(1275)
Valdemar's Forces Duke Magnus's Forces Valdemar, King of Sweden is deposed
Magnus Ladulås is crowned king of Sweden.
6000 mark war
(1276-1278)
Sweden Denmark Danish victory
  • Sweden agrees to pay a reduced amount of 4000 marks to Denmark.
Third Folkung Uprising
(1278-1280)[15]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Folkung Victory of the Swedish king
  • Insurgents captured
  • One of the leaders is fined while two others are executed.
Swedish campaign against the Karelians and Izhorians
(1292)

Location: Unknown

Sweden Karelians
Izhorians
Swedish defeat[16]
Third Swedish Crusade
(1293-1295)

Location: Finland

Uppland Karelians *Swedes conquer 14 hundreds from the Karelians
  • Next phase of the construction of the Vyborg Castle started
  • Finland gradually becomes part of medieval Sweden
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
(1142–1322)

Location: Finland

Sweden Novgorod Republic Treaty of Nöteborg (1323)
Swedish Brother's Feud
(1304–1310)

Location: Sweden

Sweden Duke Eric and Valdemar's Forces Death of Duke Eric and Valdemar.
Tax war against the Gotlanders
(1313)[17]

Location: Gotland

Sweden Gotland Gotlandic military victory

Swedish diplomatic victory

  • Gotlanders agree to pay an annual tax of 200 mark silver to Sweden
Kexholm war
(1321-1323)[18]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Treaty of Nöteborg
Campaign against Ingeborg
(1323)[19]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Ingeborg of Norway Peace of Skara
  • Ingeborg is forced to exchange Axvall for the unfortified Dåvö in Västmanland
Mats Kettilmundssons war against Reval
(1325-1326)[20]

Location: Unknown

Sweden (Mats Kettilmundsson) Reval Mats Kettilmundsson dies before any confrontations take place, peace signed in 31 May 1326
Sten bielkes war against Novgorod
(1338-1339)[21]

Location: Novgorod

Sweden Novgorod Peace signed in either August or September 1339.
  • Novgorodian strategic failure
Kalundborg War
(1341-1343)[22]

Location: Sweden

Sweden

Holstein

Denmark

Lübeck
Rostock
Hamburg
Stralsund
Wismar
Greifswald

Swedish-Holsteiner victory
Expedition to Estonia
(1343)[23]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Denmark

Teutonic Order

Indecisive
  • Swedish troops did not arrive quickly enough to engage in any confrontations



Magnus's war against Russia
(1348-1351)[24]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Novgorod Truce of Dorprat
  • Swedish success in the beginning
  • Swedish failure to keep Nöteborg
Campaign between Magnus and his son
(1356-1359)[25]

Location: Unknown

Magnus IV Eric According to the arbitration in Jönköping, Sweden is divided between Magnus and Erik, this ends after Eric's death in 1359
War of deposition against Magnus
(1363-1371)[26]

Location: Unknown

Magnus IV

Haakon VI

Albert of Mecklenburg Albert becomes king of Sweden
Swedish involvement in the Danish war of succession
(1379-1381)[27]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Denmark Truce signed in 1381
Invasion of Scania
(1384)[28][29]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Denmark Truce likely signed in 1384
  • Temporary capture of Laholm by Sweden, followed by subsequent retreat

Union of Kalmar (1397–1521)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
War for Norway (1448-1451) Sweden  Denmark Danish victory Unknown
Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471)
(1470–1471)

Location: Sweden

Sweden  Denmark Swedish Victory Less than 5000
First campaign to Livonia
(1473-1475)[30]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Teutonic Order Indecisive Unknown
Tott's first Russian war
(1475)[31]

Location: Finland

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Truce in December 1475 or early 1476 Unknown
Second campaign to Livonia
(1478)[32]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Teutonic Order Indecisive
  • Swedish military failure
Unknown
Tott's second Russian war
(1479-1482)[33]

Location: Finland

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Truce in Novgorod 17 January 1482
  • Russian raids around Nyslott
  • Swedish raids 120 km into Russian territory.
Unknown
Third campaign to Livonia
(1485-1486/1488)[34]

Location: Unknown

Sweden Teutonic Order Indecisive, peace signed in 1488. Unknown
Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497)
(1495–1497)[35]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Swedish Victory, Eternal Peace of 1508 Unknown
Border conflict at Nyslott
(1499)

Location: Nyslott

Sweden Grand Duchy of Moscow Swedish Victory
  • Russian attacks repelled
  • Nyslott stays in Swedish territory
Unknown
Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512)
(1501–1512)

Location: Sweden

Sweden
Norwegian rebels
(1501–1504)
Free City of Lübeck
(From 1522)
 Kalmar Union Treaty of Malmö:
  • Sweden and Lübeck agree to pay contribution to Denmark
  • Sweden preserves its independence
Unknown
Swedish War of Liberation
(1521–23)[35]

Location: Scandinavia

Sweden
Free City of Lübeck
(1509–12)
 Kalmar Union Kingdom of Sweden proclaims independence Less than 4000

Kingdom of Sweden (1523–1611)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Count's Feud
(May 1534 – 29 July 1536)[35]

Location: Denmark

Christian III (Protestants)
Schleswig
Holstein
Sweden
Duchy of Prussia
Jutland
Funen
Supported by:
Norwegian nobles[36]
Duchy of Guelders
Christian II (Catholics)
County of Oldenburg
Free City of Lübeck
 Scania
 Malmö
 Copenhagen
Zealand
Supported by:
Norwegian nobles[37]
Habsburg Netherlands
Victory for Christian III and the Danish Protestants. Unknown
Dacke War
(1542–1543)

Location: Sweden

Sweden Rebels led by Nils Dacke Peasant uprising defeated Unknown
Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
(1554–1557)[35]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Tsardom of Russia Treaty of Novgorod (1557), Status quo ante bellum Unknown
Northern Seven Years' War
(1563–1570)[35]

Location: Scandinavia

Sweden  Denmark-Norway
Free City of Lübeck
Polish–Lithuanian Union[note 1]
Treaty of Stettin (1570), Status quo ante bellum Unknown
Livonian War
(1558-1583)[35]

Location: Sweden

Livonian Confederation
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union)
Denmark Denmark–Norway

Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Principality of Transylvania (after 1577)[39]

Tsardom of Russia
Qasim Khanate
Kingdom of Livonia
Treaty of Teusina
  • Estonia ceded to Sweden
Unknown
Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
(1590–1595)[35]

Location: Sweden

Sweden Tsardom of Russia Swedish victory Unknown
War against Sigismund
(1598–1599)[35]

Location: Sweden

Polish–Swedish union Swedish Separatists Separatist victory, Polish-Swedish Union dissolved Unknown
Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)
(1600–1629)[35]

Location: Baltic Sea, Prussia, Latvia, Poland

Sweden Poland
(Poland-Lithuania)
 Holy Roman Empire (1626–1629)
Truce of Altmark, Livonia ceded to Sweden Heavy
De la Gardie campaign
(1609–1610)

Location: Russia

Sweden
Tsardom of Russia
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
False Dmitry II
Polish-Lithuanian Victory Heavy
Ingrian War
(1610–1617)[35]

Location: Russia

Sweden
Swedish Empire
Tsardom of Russia Treaty of Stolbovo, Ingria ceded to Sweden Unknown

Swedish Empire (1611–1721)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Kalmar War
(1611–1613)[35]

Location: Scandinavia

Swedish Empire  Denmark-Norway Treaty of Knäred, Dano-Norwegian victory Unknown
Thirty Years' War
(1618–1648)[35]

Location: Sweden

Anti-Imperial alliance: prior to 1635[note 2]
Post-1635 Peace of Prague
Imperial alliance prior to 1635[note 4]
Post-1635 Peace of Prague
Peace of Westphalia 110 000
Torstenson War
(1643–1645)[35]

Location: Denmark-Norway, Swedish Empire

Swedish Empire
 Dutch Republic
 Denmark-Norway
 Holy Roman Empire
Swedish/Dutch victory

Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)

Unknown
First Bremian War
(1654)[35]

Location: Bremen

Swedish Empire
First Stade Recess, Bremen pays homage to Sweden Unknown
Second Northern War
(1655–1660)[35]

Location: Denmark–Norway, Swedish Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish colonies in North America

Swedish Empire
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57)
Transylvania Principality of Transylvania
Ukrainian Cossacks (1657)[41]
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
 Wallachia
 Moldavia
Poland
(Poland-Lithuania)
Denmark Denmark–Norway (1657–60)
 Habsburg Monarchy
Moscow Tsardom (1656–58)
Crimean Khanate
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60)
Duchy of Courland (1656–58)
 Dutch Republic
Swedish victory against Denmark-Norway
Dutch victory in North America
Swedish invasion of Poland-Lithuania unsuccessful
70 000
Second Bremian War
(1666)[35]

Location: Bremen

Swedish Empire Treaty of Habenhausen, Conflicting Results Unknown
War of Devolution
(24 May 1667 – 2 May 1668)[35]

Location:

Spain Spanish Empire
Triple Alliance:
 France Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) Unknown
Scanian War
(1675–1679)[35]

Location: Scandinavia, Europe

Swedish Empire
Kingdom of France Kingdom of France
Denmark Denmark-Norway
 Dutch Republic
Brandenburg-Prussia
 Holy Roman Empire
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679)
Treaty of Lund (1679)
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
Heavy
Nine Years' War
(1688–1697)[35]

Location: Bremen

Grand Alliance: Kingdom of France France[42] Treaty of Ryswick Unknown
Great Northern War
(22 February 1700 – 10 September 1721)[35] Location:
Coalition victory: 200 000

Age of Liberty (1718–1772)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)[35]

Location: Finland, Russia

Sweden  Russian Empire Russian victory 7000
Dalecarlian rebellion (1743)
(1743)

Location: Sweden

Sweden Dalecarlian rebels Rebellion crushed +150
Pomeranian War (13 September 1757 – 22 May 1762)[35]

Location: Swedish Pomerania, Prussian Pomerania, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Sweden
 Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia A couple thousands

Gustavian era (1772-1809)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Battle of Ibiza
(28 February - 29 February 1780)
 Sweden United Kingdom of Great Britain and IrelandUnited Kingdom Swedish victory 3
Theatre War
1788-1789

Location: Sweden

 Sweden

Supported by:

Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway Status quo ante bellum 5
Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)[35]

Location: Finland, Baltic Sea, Sweden

Sweden  Russian Empire
 Denmark-Norway(1788–1789)[44]
Status quo ante bellum 3000
Swedish–Algerian war of 1791–1792 (1791-1792)

Location:Mediterranean

Sweden Sweden Regency of Algiers Sweden agrees to pay tribute None
First Barbary War
(10 May 1801 – 10 June 1805)[35]

Location: Off the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli; Derna

United States United States
Sweden (1801–02)
Sicily[45][46]
Tripolitania

Morocco Morocco (1802)[47][48]

Peace Treaty Unkown
Franco-Swedish War
(31 October 1805 – 6 January 1810)[35]

Location: Swedish Pomerania

Co-belligerents:

Co-belligerents:

French victory +6000
Finnish War
(21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809)[35]

Location: Scandinavia

Supported by:

Supported by:

Russian victory 7000
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809
(1808–1809)

Location: Scandinavia

Co-belligerent:

Supported by:

Status quo ante bellum ~200

Kingdom of Sweden (1809–1814)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)[35]

Location: N/A

 Sweden  United Kingdom Status quo ante bellum None
War of the Sixth Coalition
(3 March 1813 – 30 May 1814)[35]

Location: Central and Eastern Europe, France, Italy

Original coalition

After the Armistice of Pläswitz

After the Battle of Leipzig

After January 1814

 France

Until January 1814

Coalition victory Unknown
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)[35]

Location: Norway

Supported by:

Norway Swedish victory 400

United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
First Schleswig War
(1848–1851)

Location: Schleswig and Jutland

 Denmark
Supported by:
Russian Empire Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
Sweden-Norway
 France
 German Confederation Danish victory 1 (not including volunteers)

Kingdom of Sweden (1905–present)

Conflict Sweden & its Allies Sweden's opposition Outcome Casualties
Swedish intervention in Persia
[50](1911-1916)

Location: Persia


Sweden Sweden (1911-1916)
Sweden Swedish volunteers (1916-1921)
Persia

Insurgents
Russia Russia (1914-1917)
United Kingdom United Kingdom (1914-1918)
Victory against the insurgents, withdrawal in 1916 +5
Invasion of Åland
(1918)

Location: Åland

Central Powers:
German Empire Germany
Whites
 Sweden
 Soviet Russia
Reds
Åland Islands dispute 1
Congo Crisis
5 July 1960 – 25 November 1965

Location: Republic of the Congo

1960–1963:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Léopoldville
Supported by:
 Soviet Union (1960)

1964–1965:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Léopoldville
 United States
 Belgium
Supported by:
United Nations ONUC (1964)
1960–1963:
 Katanga
 South Kasai

1960–1962:
Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo-Stanleyville
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
1964–1965:
Kwilu and Simba rebels
Supported by:
The Congo established as an independent unitary state under the de facto dictatorship of Mobutu Sese Seko. 19
Operation Deliberate Force
(30 August – 20 September 1995)

Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina


United Nations UNPROFOR (Sweden was a part of UNPROFOR)

 Republika Srpska Strategic NATO victory 6 (in accidents)[54]
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

Location: Afghanistan

ISAF/RS phase (from 2001):
 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Resolute Support
(from 2015)[55]
ISAF/RS phase (from 2001):
Afghanistan Taliban al-Qaeda
(al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS))[58]
Afghanistan Taliban splinter groups
Defeat 5
First Libyan Civil War

Location: Libya

Anti-Gaddafi forces

 Qatar[79][80][81]


Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973:


Minor border clashes:
 Tunisia


Arms suppliers:
Libyan Jamahiriya Rebel victory None
Mali War
(16 January 2012 – Present)

Location: Northern Mali

Mali Government of Mali

 France
ECOWAS


 Chad[106]
 Burundi[107]
 Gabon[108]
 South Africa[109]
 Rwanda[109]
 Tanzania[109]
 Uganda[110]
 China[111]
 Germany[112]
 Sweden[113]
 Estonia[114]
 Egypt[115]
 United Kingdom[116]


Supported by:


Non-state combatants:
Ganda Iso
FLNA[149][150]
MSA (from 2016)
GATIA (from 2014)

* National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
(MNLA)

Nigerian jihadist volunteers

None

 Islamic State

Ongoing

See also

Notes

  1. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after July 1569.[38]
  2. States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
  3. "into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620"[40]
  4. States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
  5. Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
  6. None of the supporters ever officially recognised either of the two states.[53]

      References

      Citations

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      2. The Norse Myths: Stories of the Norse Gods and Heroes Vividly Retold. Quercus. 29 November 2018. ISBN 9781786488800. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
      3. Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
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      5. Erik Segersäll (1953) Sture Bolin. https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15407 Archived 1 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
      6. Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31-32).
      7. "Jämtlands och Härjedalens historia". www.tacitus.nu. Archived from the original on 28 April 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
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      9. Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 57. ISBN 9189080262.
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      20. Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 137. ISBN 9189080262.
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