The Knowledge Indexes were designed as an interactive tool for benchmarking a country's position vis-a-vis others in the global knowledge economy. It was created by the World Bank Institute using the Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). The World Bank discontinued the index after 2012.[1] 'A joint initiative between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Knowledge Foundation (MBRF)' created 'The Global Knowledge Index (GKI) from Knowledge4All' as a replacement.[1] An EBRD 'Knowledge Economy Index' documented in a 2019 publication [2] uses indicators like institutional & legal frameworks (as a basis for patents etc.),  number of technical graduates, research spending number of patents, some measure of collaboration, and amount of venture capital.[2] In total there are 38 contributing indicators described in the ERBD index methodology. 

Knowledge Index

The Knowledge Index or KI is an economic indicator prepared by the World Bank Institute to measure a country's ability to generate, adopt and diffuse knowledge. Methodologically, the KI is the simple average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on the key variables in three Knowledge Economy pillars - education and human resources, the innovation system and information and communication technology (ICT).[2][1]

Knowledge Economic Index

The Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) takes into account whether the environment is conducive for knowledge to be used effectively for economic development. It is an aggregate index that represents the overall level of development of a country or region towards the Knowledge Economy. The KEI is calculated based on the average of the normalized performance scores of a country or region on all 4 pillars related to the knowledge economy - economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, the innovation system and ICT.[2][1]

The 4 pillars of the Knowledge Economy framework

  • An economic and institutional regime to provide incentives for the efficient use of existing and new knowledge and the flourishing of entrepreneurship;
  • An educated and skilled population to create, share, and use knowledge well;
  • An efficient innovation system of firms, research centers, universities, consultants and other organizations to tap into the growing stock of global knowledge, assimilate and adapt it to local needs, and create new technology;
  • Information and communication technology to facilitate the effective creation, dissemination, and processing of information.

KEI and KI indexes by country

CountryKEIKIEconomic Incentive RegimeInnovationEducationICT2015 Rank
 Denmark9.589.559.669.579.809.281
 Sweden9.529.639.189.799.409.692
 Finland9.379.339.479.669.788.563
 Netherlands9.329.369.189.489.269.364
 Norway9.279.279.259.069.609.165
 Canada9.219.149.429.439.268.746
  Switzerland9.159.039.509.897.699.527
 United Kingdom9.099.039.289.188.549.388
 United States9.089.059.169.458.778.939
 Australia9.059.178.668.729.649.1610
 Ireland8.928.829.239.049.088.3311
 Austria8.898.769.308.908.538.8512
 Iceland8.888.878.927.989.449.1813
 Germany8.878.838.999.008.469.0414
 New Zealand8.879.008.488.659.798.5615
 Belgium8.738.708.828.969.148.0216
 Taiwan8.698.808.359.247.919.2617
 Luxembourg8.658.409.428.916.669.6218
 Japan8.568.847.719.158.718.6619
 France8.478.697.828.619.088.3820
 Estonia8.348.228.687.498.278.9021
 Slovenia8.258.298.118.318.248.3322
 Spain8.248.138.588.148.218.0423
 Singapore8.247.759.719.565.198.5024
 Israel8.228.248.169.346.728.6425
 Hong Kong, China8.207.739.608.645.309.2626
 Italy7.868.196.848.047.868.6827
 Hungary7.857.678.398.147.627.2528
 Czech Republic7.837.708.237.608.117.3929
 Lithuania7.687.607.946.598.367.8430
 South Korea7.688.385.578.477.978.7131
 Latvia7.647.518.046.408.417.7332
 Cyprus7.557.477.777.656.458.3233
 Portugal7.527.228.447.436.837.3934
 Greece7.387.487.087.638.206.6235
 Poland7.387.377.396.927.947.2536
 Slovakia7.337.127.996.866.987.5137
 Barbados7.257.785.667.518.407.4438
 Croatia7.197.197.167.546.447.6139
 Chile6.926.538.116.816.316.4640
 Bulgaria6.806.737.016.437.426.3341
 United Arab Emirates6.666.576.956.744.788.1842
 Romania6.376.206.875.666.306.6343
 Uruguay6.356.316.495.267.186.4844
 Qatar6.156.205.995.775.297.5645
 Dominica6.075.617.463.766.246.8246
 Costa Rica6.065.856.706.245.016.3047
 Malaysia6.066.026.186.834.147.0848
 Russian Federation5.406.691.556.897.096.0849
 Bahrain6.025.756.844.205.827.2250
 Kuwait6.015.687.015.054.877.1351
 Ukraine5.806.384.065.777.915.4552
 Argentina5.496.442.636.856.495.9853
 Trinidad and Tobago5.645.545.956.024.346.2754
 Brazil5.576.004.306.075.846.0855
 Turkey5.615.147.025.674.385.3856
 South Africa5.555.475.816.924.514.9857
 Jordan5.535.465.775.665.495.2158
 Armenia5.515.445.716.176.323.8459
 Mexico5.455.485.385.824.855.7760
 Thailand5.445.415.515.985.275.0061
 Oman5.374.727.324.954.304.9062
 Macedonia5.335.235.614.764.876.0663
 Mauritius5.184.586.953.704.095.9664
 Saudi Arabia5.155.075.394.044.876.2965
 Jamaica5.045.403.995.364.106.7466
 Moldova5.045.324.194.396.405.1767
 Kazakhstan5.015.084.823.777.214.2568
 Belarus4.936.390.555.548.005.6369
 Lebanon4.864.914.704.694.765.2770
 Tunisia4.734.565.264.584.105.0071
 Panama4.694.455.395.454.863.0472
 Georgia4.695.073.545.385.973.8573
 Peru4.644.863.983.885.575.1274
 Mongolia4.504.285.182.066.314.4675
 Colombia4.424.623.834.264.794.8076
 China4.354.464.015.124.114.1677
 Guyana4.314.972.334.475.804.6478
 Philippines4.254.024.953.634.763.6679
 Venezuela4.235.470.515.735.275.4180
 Namibia4.193.207.143.302.573.7481
 Sri Lanka4.164.074.444.444.912.8582
 Albania4.044.083.913.104.944.2083
 Egypt4.034.193.574.554.353.6684
 Botswana3.963.505.344.342.583.5985
 Dominican Republic3.923.814.242.914.114.4286
 El Salvador3.913.654.703.193.264.5087
 Azerbaijan3.813.933.423.055.033.7388
 Kyrgyzstan3.743.903.252.706.252.7589
 Paraguay3.623.872.873.474.203.9390
 Ecuador3.464.081.583.553.774.9391
 Morocco3.453.333.803.672.004.3292
 Bolivia3.423.632.783.054.763.0993
 Iran3.394.131.183.023.895.4894
 Uzbekistan3.284.031.033.516.172.4095
 Algeria3.253.502.533.483.643.3796
 Cape Verde3.243.053.812.252.963.9697
 Indonesia3.233.193.363.323.422.8298
 Honduras3.213.183.303.303.173.0699
 India3.122.943.673.972.262.59100
 Guatemala3.112.883.782.472.213.97101
 Vietnam3.023.082.852.833.323.08102
 Swaziland2.933.052.564.551.732.88103
 Syrian Arab Republic2.903.341.553.442.913.68104
 Nicaragua2.872.643.571.992.933.02105
 Kenya2.822.653.313.871.492.60106
 Tajikistan2.792.932.372.335.341.10107
 Senegal2.632.154.072.770.922.75108
 Zimbabwe2.513.250.294.092.383.29109
 Ghana2.502.003.972.081.802.13110
 Uganda2.461.934.042.721.161.92111
 Madagascar2.371.514.932.540.761.25112
 Mauritania2.351.833.891.750.942.80113
 Tanzania2.281.723.982.391.051.70114
 Pakistan2.242.182.432.751.072.72115
 Lesotho2.151.992.652.701.731.53116
 Benin2.101.803.002.331.141.93117
 Nigeria2.042.331.162.721.872.41118
 Yemen1.801.831.721.681.831.99119
 Mali1.781.183.581.690.661.19120
 Mozambique1.711.203.241.860.331.41121
 Angola1.701.671.762.440.881.70122
 Cameroon1.691.851.202.491.361.70123
 Burkina Faso1.641.113.242.150.260.93124
   Nepal1.611.462.062.041.500.84125
 Malawi1.551.172.712.110.870.53126
 Laos1.531.681.081.432.011.59127
 Bangladesh1.491.631.101.711.521.66128
 Myanmar1.481.521.351.172.580.82129
 Rwanda1.340.852.801.470.350.74130
 Ethiopia1.180.931.951.570.730.48131
 Djibouti1.151.141.191.290.491.63132
 Eritrea1.071.200.681.560.811.22133
 Sierra Leone0.910.920.871.700.670.39134
 Bosnia and Herzegovinan/an/a4.243.29n/a5.33135
 Serbia and Montenegron/an/a3.464.85n/a5.59136
 Haitin/an/a1.291.15n/a1.57137
 Côte d'Ivoiren/an/a0.572.52n/a2.30138
 Sudann/an/a0.611.97n/a3.84139
 Zambian/an/a2.972.37n/a2.03140

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Global Knowledge Index". knoema.com.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Introducing the EBRD Knowledge Economy Index" (PDF). ebrd.com. European Bank for Reconstruction and development. 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
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