Kambiwá
Cambioá
Native toBrazil
RegionPetrolândia, Pernambuco
Extinctearly 20th century
unclassified
Language codes
ISO 639-3xbw
Glottologkamb1239

Kambiwá (a.k.a. Cambioá) is an extinct unclassified language of Brazil. A couple dozen words were collected by Wilbur Pickering during the 1960s from two people living in Barreira, Petrolândia, Pernambuco. However, by that time the language had become extinct.[1]

Classification

Apart from two apparent borrowings, none of the words are relatable to known languages. Loukotka (1968) characterized the language as unclassifiable due to lack of data.[2]

Vocabulary

In 1961, two word lists of Kambiwá were collected by Wilbur Pickering from elderly rememberers in Barreira, Petrolândia, Pernambuco. The word lists are published in Meader (1978).[1]

Word list recorded from Manoel de Souza:

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Kambiwá
bebê indígenaindigenous babyˈkɔ́lúmì
fogofireˈtóὶ
fumosmokeˈpɔ́ṛ̃ùi
mulherwomanˈšíˈtúrù
cachimbosmoking pipeˈkákwì / ˈkwákwì
gadocattleˈkǫ́ną̀
homem branco (estrangeiro)white man (stranger)ˈtš̭yářίtš̭yà
negroblack mantãˑˈkážúpì
ovelhasheepˈtyápɔsεřε̨
pebadrinkˈr̃úpʌ̨̀ų̀
porco-do-matocollared peccary
(Pecari tajacu)
ˈtų́pàřà
raposafoxˈfɔ́iàsà
tamanduátamanduaˈfílípį̀
tatu-bolaBrazilian three-banded armadillo
(Tolypeutes tricinctus)
ˈkʌ̨́ñíkį̀


Word list recorded from an elderly man named Tenoro:

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Kambiwá
fogofirebřázádò
fumosmokepą̃ˈ húì
abelhabeeˈkóìm
água correnterunning waterbibi / ε
bebida alcoólica indígena
feita de jurema-preta
indigenous liquor made from black jurema
(Mimosa tenuiflora)
ʌ̨́žúˈkà
bebida alcoólica indígena
feita de murici
indigenous liquor made from murici
(Byrsonima crassifolia)
álúˈà
bestabeastˈtš̭yápàřú
homem brancowhite manˈnεkřu
ovelhasheeppúsέˈrὲ̨
pebasix-banded armadillo
(Euphractus sexcinctus)
ˈgwášínì
porco-do-matocollared peccary
(Pecari tajacu)
pǫį
veadodeerˈgwą́wų̀


Kambiwá words provided by each informant that differ from each other:

PortugueseEnglishManoel de SouzaTenoro
fogofireˈtóὶbřázádò (loanword?)
fumosmokeˈpɔ́ṛ̃ùipą̃ˈ húì
ovelhasheepˈtyápɔsεřε̨púsέˈrὲ̨
porco-do-matopeccaryˈtų́pàřàpǫį

References

  1. 1 2 Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
  2. Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
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