Current equipment and weapons of the Israel Defense Forces, 2021

The military equipment of Israel includes a wide array of arms, armored vehicles, artillery, missiles, planes, helicopters, and warships. Many of these are purchased overseas and many are indigenous designs. Until the Six-Day War of 1967, the Israel Defense Forces' principal supplier was France; since then, it has been the United States government and defense companies in the United States. In the early 21st century, Israeli companies (such as Soltam Systems) began selling arms to the United States.[1] Much military equipment undergoes improvements in Israeli workshops.

In addition to weapons purchased overseas and indigenous products, Israel also operates and maintains large stockpiles of Soviet-made equipment, captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict.[2]

History

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the military equipment in the IDF was very diverse and inconsistent. This was due to the severe limitation in obtaining war materiel (the British Mandate and the Arab embargo). During the 1950s, the IDF began the process of standardization, relying primarily on French military equipment.

During the Six-Day War, the military cooperation with France ceased (the French Weapons Embargo of 1967) and Israel began to rely on American weaponry and on local research and development. During the 1980s and 1990s, the IDF increased its supplies of American arms, armor and aircraft, aiming for technological superiority over Arab countries, toward "a smaller, smarter army".

The reliance on locally manufactured military equipment has also greatly increased. Today, the overwhelming majority of Israel's military equipment is either manufactured in the United States (and often modified in Israeli workshops), or is developed and manufactured locally, with an increasing emphasis on advanced technology, including aerospace and electronics.

Local military development

Some of the military equipment developed locally have been:

Ground forces equipment

Small arms

Name Image Type Caliber Origin Notes
Pistols
Jericho 941[4]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm IsraelUsed by IDF and IDF Special Forces
Glock 17[5]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm AustriaUsed by IDF Special Forces
Glock 19[6]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm AustriaUsed by IDF Special Forces
Browning Hi-Power[6]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Belgium
SIG Sauer P226[6]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum  SwitzerlandUsed by IDF Special Forces.
Beretta M1951[4]Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Italy
Heckler & Koch P11[4]Underwater pistol7.62×36mm Germany
Submachine guns
IMI Uzi[7]Submachine gun9×19mm IsraelUzi, Mini-Uzi, Micro-Uzi, and Uzi-Pro used.
Ingram MAC-10[4]Submachine gun9×19mm United States
IWI X95[4]Submachine gun and bullpup assault rifle9×19mm variant Israel9x19mm suppressed variant used by IDF Special Forces
Semi-automatic rifle
Suppressed Ruger 10/22[6][8]
Semi-automatic rifle.22 LR United StatesAdopted for non-lethal crowd control.
Assault rifles
Tavor X95 (Micro-Tavor Dor Gimel)Bullpup assault rifle/Carbine/Service rifle5.56x45mm IsraelImproved version of the X95 with longer barrel.
IWI X95 (Micro-Tavor)[4]Bullpup Assault rifle/Carbine5.56x45mm IsraelCompact version of the TAR-21. Standard Issue rifle since 2009 replacing the TAR-21.
IWI Tavor TAR-21[4]Assault rifle5.56×45mm IsraelCut from service as of 2009 and replaced by the X95.
M4A1 Carbine[4]Carbine/Assault rifle/Service rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with M16, CAR-15, and X95 and used by Special Forces
M16A1[9]Assault rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with the M4, CAR-15, M16A2 and X95. Most of the long-barreled rifles were modified to have short barrel and a telescoping stock, the rest are reserved for basic training and ceremonial issues
M16A2Assault rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with the M4, CAR-15, M16A1 and X95. Most of the M16A2 is firing automatic, some to custom for DMR and rest are ceremonial issues.
CAR-15[6]Assault rifle5.56×45mm United StatesStandard Issue Assault Rifle along with M4, M16A1, and X95
IMI Galil[4][7]Assault rifle5.56×45mm IsraelUsed in limited numbers. Variants used are Galil AR and Galil SAR. Most Galil's have been replaced by the improved (Galil) IWI ACE.
IMI Micro GalilAssault rifle5.56×45mm IsraelUsed in limited numbers. Highly compact version of the Galil. Most Galil's have been replaced by the improved (Galil) IWI ACE.
AKM[4][7][10]Assault rifle7.62×39mm Soviet UnionCaptured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict and was used by Special Forces due to their high reliability.
AK-47[4][7][10]Assault rifle7.62×39mm Soviet UnionCaptured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict and was used by Special Forces due to their high reliability.
Battle rifles
M14[4]Battle rifle7.62×51mm United StatesUsed in limited numbers by the IDF.
Light machine gun
IMI Negev[4]Light machine gun5.56×45mm IsraelCapable of firing semi-automatic or full-auto. The 5.56 variant features a unique dual feed system, it can accept 30 round STANAG magazines and an assault-box belt.
Medium machine gun
M1919 BrowningMedium machine gun.30-06 Springfield United States
General-purpose machine guns
FN MAG[11]General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm BelgiumFormer Standard Issue to IDF Since 1960s to 1990s as a Main Machine Gun.
Negev NG7General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm IsraelCapable of semi-automatic or full-automatic fire.
PKM[6]General-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmR Soviet UnionCaptured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli conflict and used by Special Forces.
M60General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATO United StatesLimited use.
Heavy machine guns
Browning M2 (Makach 0.5)[4]Heavy machine gun12.7×99mm United StatesUpgraded to M2HB-QCB
Shotguns
Armsel StrikerRevolving riot shotgun12 Gauge South AfricaUsed for riot control
Designated marksman rifles
M4A1 Kala Sa'arDesignated marksman rifle5.56×45mm United StatesAccurized M4A1, used by "kala sa'ar" marksmen.
SR-25 Mk 11 [6]Designated marksman rifle/Sniper rifle7.62×51mm United StatesUsed by IDF Special Forces. Also employed as a sniper rifle.
Tavor X-95L "Micro-Tavor Kala'im"Designated marksman rifle5.56×45mm IsraelAccurized Micro-Tavor X95 with longer barrel, used by "kala sa'ar" marksmen.
Sniper rifles
M24 SWS[6]Sniper rifle7.62×51mm United StatesStandard-issued sniper rifle, achieves accuracy of 0.5 MOA with IMI ammo.
IDF Modernized M24 SWS[6]Sniper rifle7.62×51mm United StatesStandard-issued sniper rifle, achieves accuracy of 0.5 MOA with IMI ammo.
Mauser 86SR[6]Sniper rifle7.62×51mm GermanyUsed for counter-terrorism operations.
Barak (HTR 2000)Long-range sniper rifle.338 Lapua Magnum United StatesAn IDF modified H-S Precision Pro Series 2000 HTR rifle
Barrett M82A1Anti-materiel rifle12.7×99mm United StatesUsed mainly by the Combat Engineering Corps and IDF Special Forces
McMillan TAC-50Long range sniper rifle/Anti-materiel rifle12.7×99mm United StatesUsed by IDF Special Forces.
Barrett MRADMulti-role sniper rifle (field sniping / counter-terrorism / long-range)7.62×51mm
.338 Lapua Magnum
 United StatesUsed by Special Forces and also by Israeli Police elite CT unit YAMAM. Achieves accuracy of 0.35-0.5 MOA (1.1 cm groups in 100 m).
Barrett REC10Semi-automatic sniper rifle (counter-terrorism)7.62×51mm United StatesUse by the IDF special forces and also by Israeli Police. Achieves accuracy of around 0.75 MOA.
IWI DanLong-range sniper rifle.338 Lapua Magnum Israel
Hand grenades
M26A2Fragmentation grenaden/a IsraelBased on the American M26 grenade
IDF M48Stun grenaden/a IsraelBased on the American M84 stun grenade

Rocket and grenade launchers

Name Image Type Caliber Origin Notes
B-300 ShiponShoulder-launched rocket96 mm Israel
M72 LAWShoulder-launched rocket66 mm United States
MATADORShoulder-launched rocket90 mm Israel
 Singapore
M203[4]Under-barrel grenade launcher40 mm United StatesUsually mounted under an M16, M4, CAR-15, or X95. Mounted on X95's with longer barrels and large trigger guard instead of the standard pistol grip guard.
Mk 19[4]Automatic grenade launcher40 mm United States
Mk 47 StrikerAutomatic grenade launcher40 mm United States

Missiles

Name Image Type Origin Notes
SpikeAnti-tank missile IsraelUsed various models of the family, including Gil (Spike-MR) and Gil 2 (Spike-LR II), Spike-ER (I and II) and Tamouz (Spike NLOS).
BGM-71 TOWAnti-tank missile United States
LAHATAnti-tank missile Israel
MAPATSAnti-tank missile Israel
NimrodLong-range anti-tank missile Israel

Vehicles

Name Image Type Number Origin Notes
Main battle tanks (490)
Merkava Mark 4MMain battle tank~330 Israel~220 stored.[12]
Merkava Mark IVMain battle tank Israel
Merkava Mark 3Main battle tank~160 Israel~660 stored.[12]
Armoured personnel carriers (1,360)
M113Armored personnel carrier500 active[13]
5,000 in storage[13]
 United States
 Israel
Was used until the Battle of Shuja'iyya incident
IDF AchzaritHeavy armored personnel carrier215 IsraelBased on the T-54 tank
NagmachonHeavy armored personnel carrierN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
NakpadonHeavy armored personnel carrierN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
NakpumaHeavy combat engineering/Armored personnel carrierN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
NamerHeavy armored personnel carrier120 Israel531 planned to be in service by 2027. Based on the Merkava chassis.
Eitan Armored fighting vehicle/Armored personnel carrierN/A IsraelEquipped with Iron Fist APS
Utility vehicles
WolfArmored vehicle300 Israel
AIL StormUtility vehicle700 Israel
HMMWVUtility vehicle2,000+ United States
MDT DavidUtility vehicle400 United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Land Rover Defender
Plasan Sand CatUtility vehicle79 Israel
Otokar AkrepArmored vehicle30 Turkey[14]
Trucks
AIL Abir4×4 truckN/A Israel
M358×12 truckN/A United States
Unimog 437Heavy truckN/A Germany
HEMTT8×8 heavy truckN/A United States
Engineering vehicles
PumaHeavy combat engineering vehicleN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
Namer CEVHeavy combat engineering vehicleN/A IsraelBased on the Merkava tank
IDF Caterpillar D9Combat armored bulldozer175+ United States
 Israel
Bulldozer manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel.
IDF Caterpillar Excavators 330 and 349EArmored tracked excavatorN/A United States
 Israel
Excavators manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel.
IDF Caterpillar 966 Wheeled LoaderArmored wheeled loaderN/A United States
 Israel
Loaders manufactured by Caterpillar Inc., military conversion and armor by Israel.
M548 AlfaCargo and ammunition carrierN/A United States
 Israel
Based on the M113
M60 AVLBArmored bridge layer10 United States
NemmeraArmored recovery vehicleN/A IsraelBased on the Merkava
M88Armored recovery vehicle25 United States
NagmapopCommand and surveillance vehicleN/A United Kingdom
 Israel
Based on the Centurion tank
AIL Desert RaiderDune buggyN/A Israel
VIPeRUnmanned ground vehicleN/A Israel
GuardiumUnmanned ground vehicleN/A Israel
Dawn Thunder/Black ThunderUnmanned armored bulldozerN/A United States
 Israel
Based on the IDF Caterpillar D9N[15]
IDF D9T PandaUnmanned armored bulldozerN/A United States
 Israel
Based on the IDF Caterpillar D9

Artillery

Name Image Type Number in service[16] Origin Notes
M109 Doher155mm self-propelled howitzer600 United States
 Israel
Upgraded as the M109 Doher. Based on the M109A5. Replacement program initiated,[17] candidates include ATMOS 2000 and the Artillery Gun Module.[18] Used in limited numbers
Soltam M-71155mm towed howitzer300 Israel
Soltam M-68155mm self-propelled howitzer50 IsraelIn reserve
M270 "Menatetz"Multiple rocket launcher48 United States
 Israel
Armed with several types of Israeli rockets: RAMAM, Ra'am Eithan (Strong Thunder) and Romach ("Lance", a guided rocket).
Cardom SP120 mm self-propelled mortar64 Israel
Soltam M-65120 mm mortar250 Israel
M113 TamuzMissile launching vehicleN/A IsraelSpike missiles launched from an M113 chassis[19]
LAR-160160 mm artillery rocket Israel
RomachM270 MLRS Menatetz GPS-guided artillery rocket Israel
Extended Range Artillery Rocket (EXTRA)Long-range artillery rocket Israel150 km range[20]
LORATheater quasiballistic missile Israel

Air defense

Name Image Type Number in service[16] Origin Notes
MIM-104 Patriot
Surface-to-air missile N/A  United States was upgraded to the GM+ "Yahalom" standard
Iron Dome Air defense missile battery/Anti-rockets missile 9+  Israel Intercepted hundreds of artillery records since declared operational in 2011.
David's Sling
Medium- to long-range anti-ballistic missile/surface-to-air missile N/A  Israel Medium- to long-range anti-ballistic missile with surface-to-air missile capability
Arrow
Anti-ballistic missile N/A  Israel Out of the atmosphere anti-ballistic missile missile series

Air forces equipment

Note there are multiple sources and these provide different figures:
Aircraft Origin Type Versions
In Service
By INSS By FlightGlobal By IISS
Fighter aircraft
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II United StatesStealth multirole fighterF-35I "Adir"950 order75 total.[21]
Boeing F-15 Eagle United StatesAir superiority fighterF-15A "Baz" 52[22] 42[23]16[24]
F-15C "Baz"17[24]
F-15B "Baz" 16[23]6[24]
F-15D "Baz"11[24]
Boeing F-15E Strike Eagle United StatesStrike fighterF-15I "Ra'am"25[22]25[23]25[24]
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon United StatesMultirole fighterF-16A "Netz" 107[22] 63[23][25]77[24]
F-16B "Netz"16[24]
F-16C "Barak" 136[22]77[23][25]78[24]
F-16D "Barak"49[23][25]49[24]
F-16I "Sufa"100[22]99[23]99[24]
Trainer aircraft
Grob G-120 GermanyTrainer aircraftG-120AI "Snunit"27[22]17[23]17[24]
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II United StatesTrainer aircraftT-6A "Efroni"19[22]20[23]20[24]
McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk United StatesGround attack/TrainerA-4N, TA-4H/J "Ayit"20[22]20[26]46[24]
Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master ItalyTransonic jet trainerM-346 "Lavi"2 (30)[27]
Transport/Aerial refueling/Aerial firefighting/Utility/Signals intelligence/Maritime patrol/Airborne early warning (AEW)
Air Tractor AT-802 United StatesAerial firefightingAT-802F8[22]7[23]3[24]
Beechcraft Bonanza United StatesUtilityA-36 "Khofit"22[22]22[24]
Beechcraft Super King Air (C-12 Huron) United StatesUtility/Transport/TrainerB-200/T/CT "Tzofit" 29[22] 29[23]22[24]
EW / ELINT / SIGINTRC-12D/K "Kookiya"6[24]
IAI SeaScan IsraelMaritime patrol1124N "Shahaf"3[22]3[23]3[24]
Gulfstream G550 United StatesSEMAG500 "Nahshon-Shavit"3[22]3[23]3[24]
CAEWG550 "Nahshon-Eitam"2[22]2[23]2[24]
Lockheed C-130 Hercules United StatesTactical transportC-130E "Qarnaf" 12[22] 12[23]5[24]
C-130H "Qarnaf"6[24]
Aerial refuelingKC-130H "Qarnaf"3[22]4[23]4[24]
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules United StatesTactical transportC-130J "Shimshon"-1 (4)[28]-
Boeing 707 United StatesHeavy transport/EW707 "Re'em"8[22]1[23]3[24]
Aerial refuelingKC-707 "Saknai"5[22]8[23]7[24]
Helicopters
Bell AH-1 Cobra United StatesAttack helicopterAH-1"Tzefa"33[22]49[23]47[24]
Eurocopter Panther FranceMaritime patrolAS-565SA "Atalef"5[22]6[23]7[24]
Boeing AH-64 Apache United StatesAttack helicopterAH-64A "Peten"30[22]26[29]27[24]
AH-64D "Saraph"17[22]22[29]17[24]
Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion United StatesHeavy transportCH-53 "Yas'ur 2000" 37[22]18[30] 26[24]
CH-53 "Yas'ur 2025"5[30]
Sikorsky S-70 (UH-60 Black Hawk) United StatesTactical transportS-70A / UH-60A/L "Yanshuf"49[22]48[23]49[24]
Bell 206 (OH-58 Kiowa) United StatesLight transport/Trainer206B "Saifan"18[23]6[24]

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Weaponry

Below are the IDF's active service watercraft. The year of service, speed, full load displacement, and crew members, are in parentheses.

Missile boats

Corvettes


Patrol boats

  • Israel Dabur (1970s; 19 kn (35 km/h); 39 tons; 9 crew members)
  • Israel Shaldag (1989; ?; 50 kn (93 km/h); 15 crew members)
  • Israel Super Dvora Mk II (1996; 46 kn (85 km/h); 54 tons; 10 crew members)
  • South Africa Nachshol (1997; 40 kn (74 km/h); 12 tons; 5 crew members)
  • Israel Super Dvora Mk III (2004; 47 kn (87 km/h); 54 tons; 10 crew members)

Support ships

  • INS Bat Yam
  • INS Bat Galim

Unmanned naval vehicles

Submarines

  • Israel/Germany Dolphin I (1992; 11 kn (20 km/h), 20 kn (37 km/h) underwater; 1,640 tons, 1,900 tons underwater; 30 crew members)
  • Israel/Germany Dolphin II (2014; 13 kn (24 km/h), 25 kn (46 km/h) underwater; 2,050 tons, 2,400 tons underwater; 40 crew members)

Commando boats

  • Israel Dolphin type underwater craft
  • Israel Maiale type underwater craft
  • Israel Snunit boat
  • Israel Zaharon boat
  • Israel Moulit boat
  • Israel Morena rigid-hull inflatable boat

Remote weapon systems

Space systems

See also

References

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  2. Matthew M. Aid (10 September 2013). "Exclusive: Does Israel Have Chemical Weapons Too?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Its sensitivities were galvanized by the capture of large quantities of Soviet CW-related equipment during both the 1967 Arab-Israeli and the 1973 Yom Kippur wars.
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  5. Valpolini, Paolo (June 2009). "There are Two Types of Men in this World..." (PDF). Armada International (Online). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
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  8. "Ruger 10/22 Suppressed Sniper Rifle Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine" at ruger1022.com
  9. John Pike (2003-12-17). "Israel's army phases out country's iconic Uzi submachine gun". Globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
  10. 1 2 Sweeney, Patrick (2005). The Gun Digest Book of the AR-15. Gun Digest Books. p. 131. ISBN 0-87349-947-6.
  11. Katz, Sam (1988). Israeli Elite Units since 1948. Osprey Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 0-85045-837-4.
  12. 1 2 "Chapter Seven: Middle East and North Africa". The Military Balance. 121 (1): 314–377. 2021-01-01. doi:10.1080/04597222.2021.1868796. ISSN 0459-7222.
  13. 1 2 IISS 2020, p. 356.
  14. "Israel" (PDF), Studies, The Institute for National Security, November 20, 2014, archived from the original (PDF) on November 24, 2015.
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  18. Israel Army wants to replace old 155 mm howitzer M109 with Soltam or AGM artillery system Archived 2015-07-26 at the Wayback Machine – Armyrecognition.com, 30 October 2013
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  20. "The Jewish Press » » IDF Acquires New Long-Range Rocket from IMI". Archived from the original on 2016-08-23. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
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  25. 1 2 3 "MiliCAS". Flight International (database). Flight global. July 27, 2012. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012. Shows the Israeli air force has an active fleet of 325 F-16s, including 126 General Electric F110-100-powered C/D examples.
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  30. 1 2 "Israel acquires surplus CH-53 helicopters for spares". January 25, 2013. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved January 26, 2013.

Sources

  • IISS (2020). The Military Balance 2020. Routledge. ISBN 978-0367466398.
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