The Tamil prasaśti of Virarajendra Chola records a naval invasion of Kadaram (modern Kedah in Malaysia) by the Cholas in 1068. Sources assert that the expedition was undertaken to help a Kadaram prince who had approached Virarajendra Chola for assistance in procuring the throne. The kingdom of Kadaram is believed to be the same as the Srivijaya empire.[1]

Map of Chola Empire after the end of their South-East Asian Expedition
Chola invasion of malaysia
Part of South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra Chola I
Date1068 CE
Location
Kadaram (modern day Kedah)
Result

Chola victory [2][3][4]

  • Much of Malay Peninsula sacked and conquered by the Cholas
  • Cholas continued their expedition deeper into the Srivijayan territories
  • Start of the new expansion of Indian cultural sphere into Southeast Asia.
Belligerents
Chola Empire Kingdom of Kadaram (Srivijaya Empire)
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
unknown unknown

References

  1. Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta (2000). The Cōlas. Madras, India: University of Madras. pp. 271–272.
  2. Pearson, Michael (December 2010). "Book Review: Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia". International Journal of Maritime History. 22 (2): 352–354. doi:10.1177/084387141002200220. ISSN 0843-8714. S2CID 127026949.
  3. "Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia | ISEAS Publishing". bookshop.iseas.edu.sg. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  4. Spencer, George W. (May 1976). "The Politics of Plunder: The Cholas in Eleventh-Century Ceylon". The Journal of Asian Studies. 35 (3): 405–419. doi:10.2307/2053272. ISSN 1752-0401. JSTOR 2053272. S2CID 154741845.

Bibliography

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