This is a family tree of Chinese monarchs covering the period of the Five Emperors up through the end of the Spring and Autumn period.

Family tree of Chinese monarchs

Five Emperors

The legendary Five Emperors were traditionally regarded as the founders of the Chinese state. The Records of the Grand Historian states that Shaohao did not accede to the throne while Emperor Zhi’s ephemeral and uneventful rule disqualify him from the Five Emperors in all sources.[1] Other sources name Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia dynasty, as the last of the Five.[2] Pretenders are italicized.[3]

Family tree of ancient Five Emperors
Legend
Descent


Adopted
(1)
Taihao
太昊[4][5][6]
Youxiong
有熊[7]
Shaodian
少典[8][9]
(3)
Yellow Emperor
黃帝[10]
(2)
Flame Emperor
炎帝[11]
(4)
Shaohao
少昊
Changyi
昌意
Jiaoji
蟜極
(5)
Zhuanxu
顓頊
(6)
Emperor Ku
Qiongchan
窮蟬
King of
Gu Shu
古蜀王
Cheng
Taowu
梼杌
Wangliang
魍魉
(7)
Emperor Zhi
Xie of
Shang

(8)
Emperor
Yao

Houji
后稷
Jingkang
敬康
Lao Tong
老童
Danzhu
丹朱
Juwang 句望Luo Ming[12]
Zhurong
祝融
Wuhui
吳回
Qiaoniu
橋牛
Gun
Gusou
瞽叟
(10)
Yu
Luzhong
陸終
Ehuang
娥皇
(9)
Emperor Shun
Nuying
女英
Kunwu
昆吾
Shen Hu
參胡
Peng Zu
彭祖
Hui Ren
會人
Yan An
晏安
Ji Lian
季連
Shangjun
商均

Numbers in parentheses mark a possible enthronement order of the emperors that are considered by one or more authorities to be among the "Five Emperors".

Xia dynasty

This is a family tree for the Xia dynasty which ruled circa 2000–1750 BC. The historicity of the dynasty has sometimes been questioned, but circumstantial archaeological evidence supports its existence.[13]

Xia dynasty
(1) Yu the Great[14]
大禹
(2) Qi[15]
(3) Tai Kang
太康
(4) Zhong Kang
仲康
(5) Xiang
(6) Shao Kang
少康
(7) Zhu
(8) Huai
(9) Mang
(10) Xie
(11) Bu Jiang
不降
(12) Jiong
(14) Kong Jia
孔甲
(13) Jin
(15) Gao
(16) Fa
(17) Jie

Shang dynasty

This is a family tree for the Shang dynasty, which ruled China proper between circa 1750 BC and 1046 BC.[16] The Shang rulers bore the title Di ()

Shang kings
Xie
Zhao Ming 昭明
Xiang Tu 相土
Chang Ruo 昌若
Cao Yu 曹圉
Ming 冥
Wang Hai 王亥Wang Heng 王恒
Jia Wei 上甲微
Bao Yi 报乙
Bao Bing 报丙
Bao Ding 报丁
Zhu Ren 主壬
Zhu Kui 主癸
(1)Tang
(2)Da Ding 大丁(4)Wai Bing 外丙(5)Zhong Ren 仲壬
(3)Tai Jia 太甲
(6)Qiang Ding
羌丁
(7)Da Geng
大庚
(8)Xiao Jia 小甲(9)Yong Ji 雍己(10)Da Wu 大戊
(11)Zhong Ding
中丁
(12)Wai Ren
外壬
(13)He Dan Jia
河亶甲
(14)Zu Yi 祖乙
(15)Zu Xin
祖辛
(16)Qiang Jia
羌甲
(17)Zu Ding
祖丁
(18)Nan Geng
南庚
(19)Yang Jia
陽甲
(20)Pan Geng
盤庚
(21)Xiao Xin
小辛
(22)Xiao Yi
小乙
(23)Wu Ding 武丁
1250–1192 BC
Xiao Ji 孝己(24)Zu Geng
祖庚

1192–1181 BC
(25)Zu Jia 祖甲
1181–1159 BC
(26)Lin Xin 廩辛
1159–1155 BC
(27)Kang Ding 康丁
1155–1147 BC
(28)Wu Yi 武乙
1147–1112 BC
(29)Wen Ding 文丁
1112–1102 BC
Bi Gan
比干
(30)Di Yi 帝乙
1101–1076 BC
Kiji 微子启Wei Zhong Yan
微仲衍
(31)Di Xin 帝辛
1075–1046 BC
Wu Geng 武庚

Zhou dynasty

This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.

Zhou dynasty kings
Emperor Ku
Houji 后稷
Buzhu 不窋
Ju
Duke Liu 公劉
Qingjie 慶節
Huangpu 皇僕
Chaifu 差弗
Huiyu 毀渝
Duke Fei 公非
Gaoyu 高圉
Yayu 亞圉
Gong Shu Zulei
公叔祖類
Duke Uncle Zulei
Old Duke Danfu
King Tai of Zhou
周太王
Jili 季歷
King Ji of Zhou
Taibo 吳泰伯
(founder of Wu)
Zhongyong 仲雍
(ancestor of
the kings of Wu)
Guo Zhong
虢仲
Guo Shu
虢叔
King Wen of Zhou
文王
(1099–1050 BC)
State of WuState of Wu
Bo Yikao
伯邑考
King Wu 武王
1050/1046–1043BC
Duke of Zhou
周公旦
King Cheng 成王
(1042–1021 BC)
Tang Shuyu 唐叔虞
Marquis of Tang
1042–? BC
Bo Qin
伯禽
King Kang 康王
(1021–995 BC)
Marquis Xie of Jin
晉侯燮
State of Lu
King Zhao 昭王
(995–976 BC)
State of Jin
King Mu 穆王
(976–921 BC)
King Gong 共王
(921–909 BC)
King Xiao 孝王
(884–875 BC)
King Yi 懿王
(909–884 BC)
King Yi 夷王
(875–864 BC)
King Li 厲王
(864–841 BC)
Gonghe 共和
(Regent: 841–828 BC)
King Xuan 宣王
(827–782 BC)
Duke Huan 鄭桓公
of Zheng
806–771 BC
King Xie 携王
c. 770–750 BCE
King You 幽王
(781–771 BC)
Bao Si
褒姒
State of Zheng
King Ping 平王
(771–720 BC)
Bofu 伯服
?–771CE
Taizi
Xiefu 太子泄父
King Huan 桓王
(720–697 BC)
King Zhuang 莊王
(697–682 BC)
King Xi 僖王
(682–677 BC)
Prince Tui 王子颓
King Hui 惠王
(677–652 BC)
King Xiang 襄王
(651–619 BC
Prince Dai 王子带
King Qing 頃王
(618–613 BC)
King Kuang 匡王
(612–607 BC)
King Ding 定王
(606–586 BC)
King Jian 簡王
(585–572 BC)
King Ling 靈王
(571–545 BC)
King Jing 景王
(544–520 BC)
Prince Chao 王子朝King Dao 悼王
(520 BC)
King Jing 敬王
(520–476 BC)
King Yuan 元王
(475–469 BC)
King Zhending
貞定王

(468–441 BC)
King Ai 哀王
(441 BC)
King Si 思王
(441 BC)
King Kao 考王
(440–426 BC)
Duke Huan
of West Zhou

西周桓公
King Weilie 威烈王
(425–402 BC)
Duke Wei
of West Zhou
西周威公
King An 安王
(401–376 BC)
Duke Hui
of West Zhou
西周惠公
Prince Ban 班
Duke Hui of
East Zhou 東周惠公
King Lie 烈王
(375–369 BC)
King Xian 顯王
(368–321 BC)
Duke Wu
of West Zhou
西周武公
King Shenjing
慎靚王

(320–315 BC)
King Nan 赧王
(314–256 BC)

References

  1. Yang, 99.
  2. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 Mar 2009). ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7. p. 97.
  3. Book of Han, which originates from《帝系》。
  4. Bamboo Annals
  5. I Ching
  6. Book of Rites
  7. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian
  8. Zhang, Qizhi (2015-04-15). An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture. Springer. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-662-46482-3.
  9. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian
  10. Sima Qian, Records of the Grand Historian
  11. I Ching
  12. Classic of Mountains and Seas
  13. Liu, L. & Xiu, H., "Rethinking Erlitou: legend, history and Chinese archaeology", Antiquity, 81:314 (2007), pp. 886–901.
  14. Mungello, David E. The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800 Rowman & Littlefield; 3 edition (28 March 2009) ISBN 978-0-7425-5798-7 p.97.
  15. Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
  16. Bamboo Annals
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