National Front
Malay nameBarisan Nasional
باريسن ناسيونل
Chinese name国民阵线
國民陣線
Tamil nameதேசிய முன்னனி
AbbreviationBN
ChairmanAhmad Zahid Hamidi
Secretary-GeneralZambry Abdul Kadir
Deputy ChairmanMohamad Hasan
Vice Chairman
AdvisorNajib Razak
Treasurer-GeneralJohari Abdul Ghani
FounderAbdul Razak Hussein
Founded1 January 1973 (1973-01-01)[1]
Legalised1 June 1974 (as a party)
Preceded byAlliance
Succeeded byGabungan Parti Sarawak
(in Sarawak) (2018)
Gabungan Rakyat Sabah
(in Sabah) (2022)[2]
HeadquartersAras 8, Menara Dato’ Onn, Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Newspaper
Student wingBarisan Nasional Student Movement
Youth wingBarisan Nasional Youth Movement
Women's wingBarisan Nasional Women Movement
Ideology
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
National affiliationPerikatan Nasional (2020-2022)[nb 1]
National Unity Government (since 2022)
Regional affiliationGabungan Rakyat Sabah (since 2020)
Colours  Royal blue and sky white
SloganRakyat Didahulukan
(People's First, Nation First)
Hidup Rakyat
(Long Live the People!)
Bersama Barisan Nasional
(With the National Front)
Hidup Negaraku
(Long Live the Nation!)
Kestabilan dan Kemakmuran
(Stability and Prosperity)
AnthemBarisan Nasional[6]
Dewan Negara
22 / 70
Dewan Rakyat
30 / 222
State Legislative Assemblies
119 / 606
Chief minister of states
4 / 13
Election symbol
Website
www.barisannasional.org.my

The National Front (Malay: Barisan Nasional; abbrev: BN) is a political coalition of Malaysia that was founded in 1973 as a coalition of centre-right and right-wing political parties to succeed the Alliance Party. It is the third largest political coalition with 30 seats in the Dewan Rakyat after Pakatan Harapan (PH) with 82 seats and Perikatan Nasional (PN) with 74 seats.

The Barisan Nasional coalition employs the same inter-communal governing model of its predecessor the Alliance Party but on a wider scale, with up to 14 communal political parties involved in the coalition at one point.[1] It dominated Malaysian politics for over thirty years after it was founded, but since 2008 has faced stronger challenges from opposition parties, notably the Pakatan Rakyat and later the Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances. Taken together with its predecessor Alliance, it had a combined period of rule of almost 61 years from 1957 to 2018, and was considered the longest ruling coalition party in the democratic world.[7]

The Barisan Nasional coalition lost its hold of the parliament to PH for the first time in Malaysian history after the 2018 general election. It was also the first time Barisan Nasional became the opposition coalition, with former prime minister and Barisan Nasional chairman Mahathir Mohamad becoming PH's leader. As a result, the Sabah and Sarawak BN component parties left the coalition and formed their own coalitions in 2018 and 2022. In the aftermath of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, together with four other parties, the Barisan Nasional coalition returned to power under a Perikatan Nasional-led government. However, it suffered its worst result in the 2022 election, falling to third behind Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional, but it stayed in government by supporting Pakatan Harapan.

History

Formation

Barisan Nasional is the direct successor to the three-party Alliance coalition formed by United Malays National Organisation, Malaysian Chinese Association, and Malaysian Indian Congress. It was founded in the aftermath of the 1969 general election and the 13 May riots. The Alliance Party lost ground in the 1969 election to the opposition parties, in particular the two newly formed parties, Democratic Action Party and Gerakan, as well as Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Although the Alliance won a majority of seats, it gained less than half the popular vote, and the resulting tension between different communities led to the May 13 riots and the declaration of a state of emergency.[8] After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations to form a new alliance began with parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party, both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).

In 1973, the Alliance Party was replaced by Barisan Nasional.[1][9] The Barisan Nasional, which included regional parties from Sabah and Sarawak (Sabah Alliance Party, Sarawak United Peoples' Party, Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu), registered in June 1974 as a coalition of nine parties.[9] It contested the 1974 general election as a grand coalition under the leadership of the prime minister Tun Abdul Razak, which it won with considerable success.[10]

1977–2007

In 1977, PAS was expelled from Barisan Nasional following a revolt by PAS within the Kelantan state legislature against the chief minister appointed by the federal government.[1] Barisan Nasional nevertheless won the 1978 general election convincingly, and it continued to dominate Malaysian politics in the 1980s and 1990s despite some losses in state elections, such as the loss of Kelantan to PAS, and Sabah to United Sabah Party which later joined Barisan Nasional.

By 2003, Barisan Nasional had grown to a coalition formed of more than a dozen communal parties. It performed particularly well in the 2004 general election, winning 198 out of 219 seats.

Although Barisan Nasional never achieved more than 67% of the popular vote in elections from 1974 to 2008, it maintained the consecutive two-thirds majority of seats in this period in the Dewan Rakyat until the 2008 election, benefitting from Malaysia's first-past-the-post voting system.[11]

2008–2018

In the 2008 general election, Barisan Nasional lost more than one-third of the parliamentary seats to Pakatan Rakyat, a loose alliance of opposition parties. This marked Barisan's first failure to secure a two-thirds supermajority in Parliament since 1969. Five state governments, namely Selangor, Kelantan, Penang, Perak and Kedah fell to Pakatan Rakyat. Perak however was later returned via a court ruling following a constitutional crisis. Since 2008, the coalition has seen its non-Malay component parties greatly diminished in the peninsula.[12]

The losses continued in the 2013 general election, and it recorded its worst election result at the time. BN regained Kedah but lost several more seats in Parliament along with the popular vote to Pakatan. Despite winning only 47% of the popular vote, it managed to gain 60% of the 222 parliamentary seats, thereby retaining control of the parliament.[13]

And finally, during the 2018 general election, Barisan Nasional lost control of the parliament to Pakatan Harapan, winning a total of only 79 parliamentary seats. The crushing defeat ended their 61-year rule of the country, taken together with its predecessor (Alliance), and this paved the way for the first change of government in Malaysian history. The coalition won only 34% of the popular vote amid vote split of Islamic Party. In addition to their failure in regaining the Penang, Selangor and Kelantan state governments, six state governments, namely Johor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Kedah and Sabah fell to Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN (Sabah). The Terengganu state government also fell but to the Gagasan Sejahtera. Barisan Nasional was only in power in three states; namely Perlis, Pahang and Sarawak.

Many of BN's component parties left the coalition following its humiliating defeat at the 2018 general election, reducing its number to 4 compared to 13 before the election.[14] These parties either aligned themselves with the new Pakatan Harapan federal government, formed a new state-based pact or remained independent. They include three Sabah-based parties (UPKO, PBS and LDP),[15][16] four Sarawak-based parties (PBB, SUPP, PRS and PDP, which formed a new state-based pact GPS),[17][18] myPPP (under Kayveas faction)[19] and Gerakan.[20] myPPP experienced a leadership dispute, with Maglin announcing that the party remained within the coalition and Kayveas announcing that the party had left the coalition, resulting in the dissolution of the party on 14 January 2019.

Among the remaining four component parties in Barisan National, UMNO's parliamentary seats have reduced from 54 to 38 since 16 members of parliament left the party,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] while MCA's parliamentary seat maintains one. MIC's parliamentary seats have reduced from two to one after the Election Court nullified the results of the election for the Cameron Highlands federal constituency due to bribery,[29] but BN regained its seat from a direct member under the 2019 by-election.[30]

As a result of these developments, BN's parliamentary seats have reduced to 41, compared with 79 seats that BN won in the general election.

MCA and MIC made a statement in March 2019 that they want to "move on" and find a new alliance following disputes with the secretary-general, Nazri Abdul Aziz. Mohamad Hasan, the acting BN chairman, chaired a Supreme Council meeting in which all parties showed no consensus on dissolving the coalition.

2019–present

In January 2019, all Sabah UMNO branches including Sabah BN branches were dissolved and officially closed, leaving only one BN branch open. This brings the total BN seats in Sabah to only 2 seats.

Since 2019, Barisan Nasional recovered some ground and won a number of by-elections, such as the 2019 Cameron Highlands by-election,[31] 2019 Semenyih by-election,[32] 2019 Rantau by-election,[33] and 2019 Tanjung Piai by-election,[34] defeating Pakatan Harapan.

In September 2019, UMNO decided to form a pact with the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) called Muafakat Nasional. Its main purpose is to unite the Malay Muslim communities for electoral purposes.[35] There was however no formal agreement with the other parties of Barisan Nasional, although there were calls for Barisan Nasional to migrate to Muafakat Nasional.[36][37] Barisan Nasional continued to function as a coalition of four parties comprising UMNO, MCA, MIC and PBRS but aligned themselves with Perikatan Nasional to form a new government in March 2020 after the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan government.[38] Barisan Nasional form a new government on 15 August 2021 with Perikatan Nasional after the collapse of the Perikatan Nasional government.

Barisan Nasional also recovered control of the Johor,[39] Malacca[40] and Perak[41] state governments.

On 20 November 2021, Barisan Nasional won a two-thirds majority of 21 out of 28 seats in the Malacca State Legislative Assembly.[42]

On 12 March 2022, Barisan gained a landslide victory in the 2022 Johor state election, allowing it to form the much more stable Johor state government with a two-thirds majority in the Johor State Legislative Assembly, which is 40 out of 56 seats while defeating Pakatan Harapan with 12 seats, Perikatan Nasional with 3 seats and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance with 1 seat.

2022 election

In the 2022 election, BN faced the worst result in its history, winning 30 out of 222 seats, compared to 82 and 74 seats for Pakatan Harapan and Perikatan Nasional respectively.[43] Several key figures including Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, Mahdzir Khalid, Azeez Rahim, Tengku Zafrul Aziz, and Khairy Jamaluddin, lost to either PN or PH candidates.[43][44][45][46] BN also lost several state elections held in Pahang and Perak and won no seats in Perlis.[47] Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, the party president, was re-elected with a slim majority.[48] The election produced a hung parliament, but BN was elected to support the biggest coalition Pakatan Harapan and was rewarded with cabinet posts in the government.[49][50]

Organisation

In 2013, the vast majority of Barisan Nasional's seats were held by its two largest Bumiputera-based political parties—the United Malays National Organisation, and Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu. For most of its history, both the Malaysian Chinese Association and Malaysian Indian Congress have played major roles in Barisan Nasional, but their representation in Parliament and state legislatures has become much more diminished. Nevertheless, each component party purports to represent – and limit membership – to a certain race: UMNO for the Malays, MCA for the Chinese and so on. In the view of some scholars:

Since its inception the Alliance remained a coalition of communal parties. Each of the component parties operated to all intents and purposes, save that of elections, as a separate party. Their membership was communal, except perhaps Gerakan, and their success was measured in terms of their ability to achieve the essentially parochial demands of their constituents.[51]

Although both the Alliance and BN registered themselves as political parties, membership is mostly indirect through one of the constituent parties while direct membership is allowed.[52] The BN defines itself as a "confederation of political parties which subscribe to the objects of the Barisan Nasional". Although in elections, all candidates stand under the BN symbol, and there is a BN manifesto, each individual constituent party also issues its own manifesto, and there is intra-coalition competition for seats prior to nomination day.[53]

Member parties and allied parties

Logo Name Ideology Position Leader(s) Seats
contested
2022 result Current
seats
Votes (%) Seats Composition
Member parties
UMNO United Malays National Organisation
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu
Ketuanan Melayu Centre-right Ahmad Zahid Hamidi 119 16.43%
26 / 222
26 / 30
MCA Malaysian Chinese Association
Persatuan Cina Malaysia
Chinese interests Wee Ka Siong 44 4.29%
2 / 222
2 / 30
MIC Malaysian Indian Congress
Kongres India Malaysia
Dravidian movement Vigneswaran Sanasee 10 1.11%
1 / 222
1 / 30
PBRS United Sabah People's Party
Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah
Sabah nationalism Right-wing Arthur Joseph Kurup 2 0.15%
1 / 222
1 / 30
Allied Parties of BN
PCM Love Malaysia Party
Parti Cinta Malaysia
National conservatism Right-wing Huan Cheng Guan 1 0.03%
0 / 222
0 / 30
AMIPF All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front
Barisan Progresif India Se-Malaysia
Dravidian movement Centre-right Loganathan Thoraisamy 1 0.05%
0 / 222
0 / 30
KIMMA Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress
Kongres India Muslim Malaysia
Islamism
Indo-Malaysian Muslim interests
Right-wing Syed Ibrahim Kader 1 0.14%
0 / 222
0 / 30
MIUP Malaysian Indian United Party
Parti Bersatu India Malaysia
Dravidian movement Nallakaruppan Solaimalai N/A N/A
0 / 222
0 / 30
MMSP Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party
Parti Makkal Sakti Malaysia
R.S. Thanenthiran 1 0.07%
0 / 222
0 / 30
MAP Malaysian Advancement Party
Parti Kemajuan Malaysia
Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy N/A N/A
0 / 222
0 / 30
PPM Punjabi Party of Malaysia
Parti Punjabi Malaysia
Sikhism Gurjeet Singh Rhande N/A N/A
0 / 222
0 / 30
IKATAN Malaysia National Alliance Party
Parti Ikatan Bangsa Malaysia
Social democracy Centre-left Abdul Kadir Sheikh Fadzir N/A N/A
0 / 222
0 / 30
Other allied parties
MIRA Minority Rights Action Party
Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti
Liberal democracy N/A S. Gobi Krishnan N/A N/A
0 / 222
0 / 30

Former member parties

*denotes defunct parties

List of party chairmen

No. Name
(Birth–Death)
Portrait Term of office
1 Abdul Razak Hussein
(1922–1976)
1 January 1973 14 January 1976
2 Hussein Onn
(1922–1990)
15 January 1976 28 June 1981
3 Mahathir Mohamad
(b. 1925)
28 June 1981 4 February 1988
Ling Liong Sik
(Acting)
(b. 1943)
4 February 1988 16 February 1988
(3) Mahathir Mohamad
(b. 1925)
16 February 1988 30 October 2003
4 Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
(b. 1939)
31 October 2003 26 March 2009
5 Mohd Najib Abdul Razak
(b. 1953)
26 March 2009 12 May 2018
6 Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
(b. 1953)
30 June 2018 18 December 2018
Mohamad Hasan
(Acting)
(b. 1956)
18 December 2018 30 June 2019
(6) Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
(b. 1953)
30 June 2019 Incumbent

Leadership structure

Barisan Nasional Supreme Council:[54]

Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, the incumbent Chairman of Barisan Nasional.

Elected representatives

Dewan Negara (Senate)

Senators

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)

Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament

Barisan Nasional has 30 MPs in the House of Representatives, with 26 MPs (or 92.5%) of them from UMNO.

State No. Parliament Constituency Member Party
 PerakP055LenggongShamsul Anuar NasarahUMNO
P072TapahSaravanan MuruganMIC
P075Bagan DatukDr. Ahmad Zahid HamidiUMNO
 PahangP078Cameron HighlandsRamli Mohd NorUMNO
P079LipisAbdul Rahman MohamadUMNO
P084Paya BesarMohd. Shahar AbdullahUMNO
P085PekanSh Mohmed Puzi Sh AliUMNO
P090BeraIsmail Sabri YaakobUMNO
 Kuala LumpurP119TitiwangsaJohari Abdul GhaniUMNO
 Negeri SembilanP126JelebuJalaluddin AliasUMNO
P127JempolShamshulkahar Mohd. DeliUMNO
P129Kuala PilahAdnan Abu HassanUMNO
P131RembauMohamad HasanUMNO
P133TampinMohd Isam Mohd IsaUMNO
 JohorP147Parit SulongNoraini AhmadUMNO
P148Ayer HitamWee Ka SiongMCA
P151Simpang RenggamHasni MohammadUMNO
P153SembrongHishammuddin HusseinUMNO
P155TenggaraManndzri NasibUMNO
P156Kota TinggiMohamed Khaled NordinUMNO
P157PengerangAzalina Othman SaidUMNO
P164PontianAhmad MaslanUMNO
P165Tanjung PiaiWee Jeck SengMCA
 SabahP173 Putatan Shahelmey YahyaUMNO
P176KimanisMohamad AlaminUMNO
P177Beaufort Siti Aminah AchingUMNO
P182PensianganArthur Joseph KurupPBRS
P184Libaran Suhaimi NasirUMNO
P187KinabatanganBung Moktar RadinUMNO
P191KalabakanAndi Muhammad Suryady BandyUMNO
TotalPerak (3), Pahang (5), Kuala Lumpur (1), Negeri Sembilan (5), Johor (9), Sabah (7)

Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)

Malaysian State Assembly Representatives

State No. Parliamentary

Constituency

No. State Assembly

Constituency

Member Party
 Kelantan P32 Gua Musang N45GalasMohd Syahbuddin HashimUMNO
 Penang P41 Kepala Batas N2BertamReezal Merican Naina MericanUMNO
P47 Nibong Tebal N21Sungai AchehRashidi ZainolUMNO
 Perak P54 GerikN2TemenggorSalbiah MohamedUMNO
P55 Lenggong N4Kota TampanSaarani MohammadUMNO
P62 Sungai Siput N21LintangMohd Zolkafly HarunUMNO
P68 Bruas N36Pengkalan BaharuAhmad Faisal MansorUMNO
P69 Parit N39BelanjaKhairudin Abu HanipahUMNO
P72 Tapah N47ChenderiangChoong Sin HengMCA
N48Ayer KuningIsham ShahruddinUMNO
P75 Bagan Datuk N53RungkupShahrul Zaman YahyaUMNO
P77 Tanjong Malim N59BehrangSalina SamsudinUMNO
 Pahang P78 Cameron HighlandsN2JelaiWan Rosdy Wan IsmailUMNO
P79 Lipis N3Padang TengkuMustapa LongUMNO
N5BentaMohd. Soffi Abd. RazakUMNO
P80 Raub N6Batu TalamAbd Aziz Mat KiramUMNO
N8DongFazdzli KamalUMNO
P83 Kuantan N16InderapuraShafik Fauzan SharifUMNO
P85 Pekan N21Peramu JayaNizar NajibUMNO
N22BebarMohd. Fakhruddin Mohd. AriffUMNO
N23ChiniMohd Sharim Md ZainUMNO
P87 Kuala Krau N27JenderakRodzuan ZaabaUMNO
N28KerdauSyed Ibrahim Syed AhmadUMNO
P89 Bentong N35SabaiV ArumugamMIC
N36PelangaiAmizar Abu AdamUMNO
P90 Bera N37GuaiSabariah SadanUMNO
N39KemayanKhairulnizam Mohamad ZuldinUMNO
P91 Rompin N41Muadzam ShahRazali KassimUMNO
N42TiomanMohd Johari HussainUMNO
 Selangor P92 Sabak BernamN1Sungai Air TawarRizam IsmailUMNO
P101 Ulu Langat N23Dusun TuaJohan Abd AzizUMNO
 Negeri Sembilan P126 JelebuN2PertangJalaluddin AliasUMNO
N3Sungai LuiMohd Razi Mohd AliUMNO
P127 Jempol N6PalongMustafa NagoorUMNO
N7Jeram PadangMohd Zaidy Abdul KadirUMNO
P128 Seremban N9LenggengMohd Asna AminUMNO
P129 Kuala Pilah N15JuassehBibi Sharliza Mohd KhalidUMNO
N16Seri MenantiAbdul Samad IbrahimUMNO
N17SenalingIsmail LasimUMNO
N19JoholSaiful Yazan SulaimanUMNO
P131 Rembau N26ChembongZaifulbahri IdrisUMNO
N27RantauMohamad HasanUMNO
N28KotaAwaludin SaidUMNO
P132 Port Dickson N32LinggiAbdul Rahman Mohd. RedzaUMNO
P133 Tampin N35GemenchehSuhaimizan BikarUMNO
 Malacca P134 Masjid TanahN1Kuala LinggiRosli AbdullahUMNO
N2Tanjung BidaraAb Rauf YusohUMNO
N3Ayer LimauHameed Mytheen Kunju BasheerUMNO
N4LenduSulaiman Md AliUMNO
N5Taboh NaningZulkiflee Mohd ZinUMNO
P135 Alor Gajah N6RembiaMuhammad Jailani KhamisUMNO
N7GadekShanmugam PtcyhayMIC
N8Machap JayaNgwe Hee SemMCA
N9Durian TunggalZahari Abdul KalilUMNO
N10AsahanFairul Nizam RoslanUMNO
P136 Tangga Batu N12Pantai KundorTuminah Kadi Mohd HashimUMNO
N13Paya RumputRais YasinUMNO
N14KelebangLim Ban HongMCA
P137 Hang Tuah Jaya N15Pengkalan BatuKalsom NoordinUMNO
N18Ayer MolekRahmad MarimanUMNO
P138 Kota Melaka N21DuyongMohd Noor Helmy Abu HalemUMNO
N23Telok MasAbdul Razak Abdul RahmanUMNO
P139 Jasin N25RimKhaidhirah Abu ZaharUMNO
N26SerkamZaidi AttanUMNO
N27MerlimauMuhamad Akmal SalehUMNO
N28Sungai RambaiSiti Faizah Abdul AzisUMNO
 Johor P140 SegamatN1Buloh KasapZahari SaripUMNO
P141 Sekijang N3PemanisAnuar Abdul ManapUMNO
N4KemelahSaraswathy NallathanbyMIC
P142 Labis N5TenangHaslinda SallehUMNO
N6BekokTan ChongMCA
P143 PagohN8Bukit PasirMohamad Fazli Mohamad SallehUMNO
P144 Ledang N9GambirSahrihan JaniUMNO
N11SeromKhairin Nisa IsmailUMNO
P145 Bakri N14Bukit NaningFuad TukirinUMNO
P146 Muar N16Sungai BalangSelamat TakimUMNO
P147 Parit Sulong N17SemerahMohd Fared Mohd KhalidUMNO
N18Sri MedanZulkurnain KamisanUMNO
P148 Ayer Hitam N19Yong PengLing Tian SoonMCA
N20SemarangSamsolbari JamaliUMNO
P149 Sri Gading N21Parit YaaniMohd Najib SamuriUMNO
N22Pasir RajaNor Rashidah RamliUMNO
P150 Batu Pahat N24SenggarangMohd Yusla IsmailUMNO
N25RengitMohd Puad ZarkashiUMNO
P151 Simpang Renggam N26MachapOnn Hafiz GhaziUMNO
N27Layang-LayangAbd Mutalip Abd RahimUMNO
P152 Kluang N29MahkotaSharifah Azizah Syed ZainUMNO
P153 Sembrong N30PalohLee Ting HanMCA
N31KahangVidyananthan RamanadhanMIC
P154 Mersing N33TenggarohRaven Kumar KrishnasamyMIC
P155 Tenggara N34PantiHahasrin HashimUMNO
N35Pasir RajaRashidah IsmailUMNO
P156 Kota Tinggi N36SediliMuszaidi MakmorUMNO
N37Johor LamaNorlizah NohUMNO
P157 Pengerang N38PenawarFauziah MisriUMNO
N39Tanjung SuratAznan TaminUMNO
P158 Tebrau N40TiramAzizul BachokUMNO
P159 Pasir Gudang N43PermasBaharudin Mohd TaibUMNO
P160 Johor Bahru N44LarkinMohd Hairi Mad ShahUMNO
P161 Pulai N47KempasRamlee BohaniUMNO
P162 Iskandar Puteri N49Kota IskandarPandak AhmadUMNO
P163 Kulai N50Bukit PermaiMohd Jafni Md ShukorUMNO
P164 Pontian N53BenutHasni MohammadUMNO
N54Pulai SebatangHasrunizah HassanUMNO
P165 Tanjung Piai N55Pekan NanasTan Eng MengMCA
N56KukupJefridin AtanUMNO
 Sabah P167 KudatN2BengkokaHarun DurabiUMNO
P169 Kota Belud N10UsukanSalleh Said KeruakUMNO
P171 Sepanggar N16KarambunaiYakubah KhanUMNO
P174 Putatan N24Tanjung KeramatShahelmey YahyaUMNO
P175 Papar N29Pantai ManisMohd Tamin @ Tamin ZainalUMNO
P184 Libaran N51Sungai ManilaMokran IngkatUMNO
N52Sungai SibugaMohamad Hamsan Awang SupainUMNO
P187 Kinabatangan N58LamagBung Mokhtar RadinUMNO
N59SukauJafry AriffinUMNO
P188 Lahad Datu N61SegamaMohamaddin KetapiUMNO
P191 Kalabakan N71Tanjong BatuAndi Muhammad Suryady BandyUMNO
Nominated memberSuhaimi NasirUMNO
Nominated memberRaime UnggiUMNO
Total Kelantan (1), Penang (2), Perak (9), Pahang (16), Selangor (2), Negeri Sembilan (14), Malacca (21), Johor (40), Sabah (13)

Barisan Nasional state governments

State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
 JohorMenteri BesarOnn Hafiz GhaziUMNOMachap
 MalaccaChief MinisterAb Rauf YusohUMNOTanjung Bidara
 PahangMenteri BesarWan Rosdy Wan IsmailUMNOJelai
 PerakMenteri BesarSaarani MohammadUMNOKota Tampan
State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
 MalaccaSenior EXCORais YasinUMNOPaya Rumput
 Negeri SembilanSenior EXCOJalaluddin AliasUMNOPertang
 SabahDeputy Chief Minister IIIShahelmey YahyaUMNOTanjung Keramat

Barisan Nasional also forms the state governments of Negeri Sembilan, Penang and Selangor in coalition with Pakatan Harapan, following the formation of the federal unity government (Kerajaan Perpaduan) in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.

State Leader type Member Party State Constituency
 JohorSpeakerMohd Puad ZarkashiUMNORengit
 JohorDeputy SpeakerSamsolbari JamaliUMNOSemarang
 MalaccaSpeakerIbrahim DurumUMNONon-MLA
 PahangSpeakerMohd Sharkar ShamsudinUMNONon-MLA
 PerakSpeakerMohamad Zahir Abdul KhalidUMNONon-MLA
 SabahSpeakerKadzim M YahyaUMNONon-MLA

Ministerial posts

Portfolio Office Bearer Party Constituency
Deputy Prime Minister Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi MP BN (UMNO) Bagan Datuk
Minister of Rural and Regional Development Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi MP BN (UMNO) Bagan Datuk
Minister of Plantation and Commodities Datuk Seri Haji Johari Abdul Ghani MP BN (UMNO) Titiwangsa
Minister of Defence Dato' Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin MP BN (UMNO) Kota Tinggi
Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry Senator Datuk Seri Utama Tengku Zafrul Tengku Abdul Aziz BN (UMNO) Senator
Minister of Higher Education Senator Dato' Seri Diraja Dr. Zambry Abdul Kadir BN (UMNO) Senator
Minister in the Prime Minister's Department
(Law and Institutional Reform)
Dato' Sri Azalina Othman Said MP BN (UMNO) Pengerang
Minister of Foreign Affairs Dato' Seri Utama Mohamad Hasan MP BN (UMNO) Rembau
Minister Responsible for National Disaster Management Agency Dato' Seri Dr. Ahmad Zahid Hamidi MP BN (UMNO) Bagan Datuk
Portfolio Office Bearer Party Constituency
Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food Security Datuk Arthur Joseph Kurup MP BN (PBRS) Pensiangan
Deputy Minister of Works Datuk Seri Ahmad Maslan MP BN (UMNO) Pontian
Deputy Minister of Home Affairs Datuk Seri Dr. Shamsul Anuar Nasarah MP BN (UMNO) Lenggong
Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development Datuk Seri Dr. Noraini Ahmad MP BN (UMNO) Parit Sulong
Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Datuk Mohamad Alamin MP BN (UMNO) Kimanis
Deputy Minister of Human Resources Dato' Sri Abdul Rahman Mohamad MP BN (UMNO) Lipis

General election results

Election Total seats won Seats contested Share of seats Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1974
135 / 154
154 87.7% 1,287,400 60.8% Increase135 seats; Governing coalition Abdul Razak Hussein
1978
131 / 154
154 85.1% 1,987,907 57.2% Decrease4 seats; Governing coalition Hussein Onn
1982
132 / 154
154 85.7% 2,522,079 60.5% Increase1 seats; Governing coalition Mahathir Mohamad
1986
148 / 177
177 83.6% 2,649,263 57.3% Increase16 seats; Governing coalition Mahathir Mohamad
1990
127 / 180
180 70.6% 2,985,392 53.4% Decrease21 seats; Governing coalition Mahathir Mohamad
1995
162 / 192
192 84.4% 3,881,214 65.2% Increase35 seats; Governing coalition Mahathir Mohamad
1999
148 / 193
193 76.2% 3,748,511 56.53% Decrease15 seats; Governing coalition Mahathir Mohamad
2004
198 / 219
219 90.4% 4,420,452 63.9% Increase51 seats; Governing coalition Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
2008
140 / 222
222 63.1% 4,082,411 50.27% Decrease58 seats; Governing coalition Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
2013
133 / 222
221 59.9% 5,237,555 47.38% Decrease7 seats;[55] Governing coalition Najib Razak
2018
79 / 222
222 35.59% 3,794,827 33.96% Decrease54 seats; Opposition coalition (2018-2020)
Governing coalition with Perikatan Nasional (2020-2022)
Najib Razak
2022
30 / 222
178 13.51% 3,462,231 22.36% Decrease49 seats; Governing coalition with Pakatan Harapan, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah and Parti Warisan Ahmad Zahid Hamidi

State election results

State electionState Legislative Assembly
PerlisKedahKelantanTerengganuPenangPerakPahangSelangorNegeri SembilanMalaccaJohorSabahSarawakTotal won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
1974
12 / 12
24 / 26
36 / 36
27 / 28
23 / 27
31 / 42
32 / 32
30 / 33
21 / 24
16 / 20
31 / 32
30 / 48
1976
1978
12 / 12
19 / 26
23 / 36
28 / 28
20 / 27
32 / 42
32 / 32
29 / 33
21 / 24
16 / 20
31 / 32
239 / 257
1979
1981
1982
11 / 12
24 / 26
26 / 36
23 / 28
25 / 27
38 / 42
31 / 32
31 / 33
22 / 24
18 / 20
32 / 32
1983
30 / 48
30 / 32
1985
6 / 48
6 / 48
1986
14 / 14
25 / 28
29 / 39
30 / 32
23 / 33
33 / 46
32 / 33
37 / 42
24 / 28
17 / 20
35 / 36
1 / 48
300 / 351
1987
28 / 48
28 / 48
1990
14 / 14
26 / 28
0 / 39
22 / 32
19 / 33
33 / 46
31 / 33
35 / 42
24 / 28
17 / 20
32 / 36
0 / 48
253 / 351
1991
49 / 56
49 / 56
1994
23 / 48
23 / 48
1995
15 / 15
34 / 36
7 / 43
25 / 32
32 / 33
51 / 52
37 / 38
45 / 48
30 / 32
22 / 25
40 / 40
338 / 394
1996
57 / 62
57 / 64
1999
12 / 15
24 / 36
2 / 43
4 / 32
30 / 33
44 / 52
30 / 38
42 / 48
32 / 32
21 / 25
40 / 40
31 / 48
312 / 329
2001
60 / 62
60 / 62
2004
14 / 15
31 / 36
21 / 45
28 / 32
38 / 40
52 / 59
41 / 42
54 / 56
34 / 36
26 / 28
55 / 56
59 / 60
452 / 504
2006
62 / 71
62 / 71
2008
14 / 15
14 / 36
6 / 45
24 / 32
11 / 40
28 / 59
37 / 42
20 / 56
21 / 36
23 / 28
50 / 56
59 / 60
307 / 504
2011
55 / 71
55 / 71
2013
13 / 15
21 / 36
12 / 45
17 / 32
10 / 40
31 / 59
30 / 42
12 / 56
22 / 36
21 / 28
38 / 56
48 / 60
275 / 505
2016
77 / 82
77 / 82
2018
10 / 15
3 / 36
8 / 45
10 / 32
2 / 40
24 / 59
25 / 42
4 / 56
16 / 36
13 / 28
16 / 56
29 / 60
160 / 505
2020
14 / 73
14 / 41
2021
21 / 28
21 / 28
2022
40 / 56
40 / 56
2022
0 / 15
9 / 59
17 / 42
25 / 116
2023
0 / 36
1 / 45
0 / 32
2 / 40
2 / 56
14 / 36
19 / 108

Notes

  1. From March 2020 to July 2021 as a junior partner in a coalition government, senior partner from August 2021 to October 2022

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Literature

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